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【Objective】 To analyze the effects of different fortified feeding methods on nutritional metabolism and growth rate of preterm very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), in order to provide new clues for improving the prognosis of the preterm infants. 【Methods】 A total of 115 cases of premature VLBWI admitted to Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study, and were divided into fortified breastfeeding group (HFM group), mixed feeding group, and premature formula feeding group (PF group) based on their feeding methods. The effects of different feeding methods on the nutritional metabolism and growth rate of premature VLBWI were analyzed. 【Results】 1) The hospitalization time of infants in the HFM group was shorter than that in PF group and mixed feeding group (t=7.185, 6.924, P<0.05). 2) The proportion of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the HFM group during hospitalization was lower than that in the PF group (P<0.05); the proportions of late onset septicemia(LOS) and extra uterine growth restriction(EUGR) in the HFM group during hospitalization were lower than those in the PF group (χ2=5.030, 4.147, P<0.05); the proportion of LOS was lower than that of the mixed feeding group(χ2=6.589, P<0.05). 3) During hospitalization, the proportions of abdominal distension, bloody stools and increased eosinophils in the HFM group were lower than those in the PF group (P<0.05), which in mixed feeding group was lower than those in PF group (Fisher exact test, P<0.05). 4) At discharge, the weight and length growth rate of the HFM group were higher than those of the mixed feeding group (t=3.722, 0.425, P<0.001) and the PF group (t =6.015, 0.496, P< 0.001). 【Conclusion】 Fortified breastfeeding can more effectively increase the growth rate of VLBWI in premature infants, improve nutritional metabolism, reduce complications and adverse feeding reactions related to premature infants, and is safer and more effective.

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To investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and/or cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant function and the apoptosis-related genes in duck spleens. Sixty healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into six groups of 10 ducks (control, low Mo group, high Mo, Cd, low Mo + Cd, and high Mo + Cd groups). All were fed a basal diet containing low or high dietary doses of Mo and/or Cd. Relative spleen weight, antioxidant indices, apoptosis-related gene mRNA expression levels, and ultrastructural changes were evaluated after 120 days. The results showed that the relative spleen weight decreased significantly in the high Mo + Cd treatment group which compared with control group. Malondialdehyde levels increased and xanthine oxidase and catalase activities decreased in the Mo and/or Cd groups compared with levels in the control group. Bak-1 and Caspase-3 expressions were upregulated in the high Mo + Cd group, while Bcl-2 was downregulated. In addition, mitochondrial crest fracture, swelling, vacuolation, deformed nuclei, and karyopyknosis in both Mo + Cd treated groups were more severe than in the other groups. The results suggest that Mo and/or Cd can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis of spleen via effects on the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Moreover, the results indicate the two elements have a possible synergistic relationship.

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Objective To explore the influence of Clostridium butyricum on the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and tight junction protein claudin-2 in intestinal tissue in newborn rat with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods Forty-eight-hour-old Sprague-Dewley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model group, control group, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group, 12 rats each. Rats in each group were fed with milk substitute. The NEC model were created by hypoxia and cold stimulation for 3 consecutive days in model group, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group. Meanwhile, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group were intervened by being fed with Clostridium butyricum 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/(kg·d), respectively. All rats in each group were sacriifced on day 4 and the intestines tissue was obtained. The pathological changes had been observed. The expression of VEGF, PCNA, and claudin-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of VEGFR-2 was detected by RT-PCR. Results The intestines pathological scores was signiifcantly different among ifve groups (P?0 . 05 ). Conclusion The expression of VEGF, VEGF-2 , and claudin-2 were higher in rats with NEC, while the expression of PCNA was lower. Supplementation of Clostridium butyricum may protect newborn rats by its act on these factors.

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This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide using response surface methodology The results showed that four operating parameters including microwave power, microwave time and the particle size had notable effects on the polysaccharide extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The effects could be ranked in decreasing order of importance as follows:. Microwave power > microwave time > the comminution degree. The optimal extraction parameters were determined as 573.83W of Microwave power and 8.4min of microwave time and 67.51mesh of the comminution degree, resulting in the yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide of 101.161mg / g. The established regression model describing polysaccharide extraction from as a function of the three extraction parameters was highly significant (R 2 = 0.9953). The predicted and experimental results were found to be in good agreement. Thus, the model can be applicable for the prediction of polysaccharide extraction from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

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To assess relationships between xanthine oxidase (XOD) and nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) infection, 240 growing layers (35 days old) were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control) of 120 chickens each. Each chicken in the control and infected group was intranasally inoculated with 0.2 mL sterile physiological saline and virus, respectively, after which serum antioxidant parameters and renal XOD mRNA expression in growing layers were evaluated at 8, 15 and 22 days post-inoculation (dpi). The results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the infected group were significantly lower than in the control group at 8 and 15 dpi (p < 0.01), while serum malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01). The serum uric acid was significantly higher than that of the control group at 15 dpi (p < 0.01). In addition, the kidney mRNA transcript level and serum activity of XOD in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8, 15 and 22 dpi (p < 0.05). The results indicated that NIBV infection could cause the increases of renal XOD gene transcription and serum XOD activity, leading to hyperuricemia and reduction of antioxidants in the body.

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This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide using response surface methodology The results showed that four operating parameters including microwave power, microwave time and the particle size had notable effects on the polysaccharide extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The effects could be ranked in decreasing order of importance as follows:. Microwave power > microwave time > the comminution degree. The optimal extraction parameters were determined as 573.83W of Microwave power and 8.4min of microwave time and 67.51mesh of the comminution degree, resulting in the yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide of 101.161mg / g. The established regression model describing polysaccharide extraction from as a function of the three extraction parameters was highly significant (R 2 = 0.9953). The predicted and experimental results were found to be in good agreement. Thus, the model can be applicable for the prediction of polysaccharide extraction from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

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Objective To explore the adverse reactions of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and treatments of the adverse reactions. Methods 6035 patients examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were closely observed in the process and 20 minutes after the examination. The occurrence and clinical manifestations of adverse reactions were recorded. The patients were gave symptomatic treatments. Results Two of 6035 patients experienced mild adverse reactions related with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The incidence rate was 0. 031% (2/6035). No moderate or serious adverse reaction occurred. The two patients recovered well after symptomatic treatments. Conclusions The contrast-enhanced ultrasound has high safety and low incidence rate of adverse reaction. Patients should be under close observation in the process of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The symptomatic treatments should be gave in time.

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Cultured porcine endothelial cells (EC) produce and secrete plasminogen activators (PA). If the serum free medium conditioned by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC-CM) mixed with the medium conditioned by endothelial cells (EC-CM), the PA activities of the latter decreased significantly. Coeultivation of EC with SMC inhibited 70.7% PA activity of EC. Gel eletrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE) of SMC-CM followed by reverse fibrin autography demonstrated PA inhibitory activity in the molecular weight range of 49, 000-52, 000 similar to those identified by Laug (1985).In this study it was also investigated the effect of a Chinese herbal medicine-Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) on the inhibitory activity. SMC were incubated with RSM (0.1% in M-199, the final concentration was 1.5mg/ml) for 24hr. The SMC-CM collected before and after RSM treatment were mixed with EC-CM and urokinase respectively. The results show that the residual PA activities in EC-CM or urokinase samples mixed with SMC-CM treated with RSM were significantly higher than that mixed with SMC-CM without treatment with RSM. SMC-CM neutralized the PA activities in EC-CM or urokinase samples in a concentration dependent manner (P

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Cultured rabbit peritoneal macrophages could produce and secrete a growth-stimulatory factor (MDGF) that could stimulate the growth of cultured SMC in vitro(P