RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the imaging features of adrenal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included seven patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed adrenal PNETs. Among them, six underwent computed tomography (CT) scans, and one underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging findings, including size, shape, margin, hemorrhage, calcification, cystic degeneration, regional lymph nodes involvement, tumor thrombus formation and enhancement pattern, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among the seven adrenal PNET patients, six were male, and one was female. The median age was 26 years (range 2-56 years). The disease generally presented with either insidious symptoms (n = 4) or non-specific symptoms, including right flank pain (n = 1) and left upper abdominal discomfort (n = 2). On the pre-enhanced CT images, the tumor usually appeared as a well-defined, rounded or oval, heterogeneous mass without calcification. Certain tissue characteristics, such as cystic degeneration (n = 5), capsule (n = 4) and hemorrhage (n = 2), were observed. Regional lymph node involvement was observed in three cases, and renal vein thrombus was observed in one case. All cases showed mild heterogeneous enhancement of the tumor on the enhanced CT images. CONCLUSION: An adrenal PNET commonly presents as a relatively large, well-defined, heterogeneous mass with cystic degeneration, necrosis and a characteristic mild contrast-enhancement pattern on multiphase enhanced images. PNET should be considered when the diagnosis of common tumors is not favored by signs on images. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT: This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The approval number is 201512538.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Periféricos Primitivos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Periféricos Primitivos/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is activated by various stimuli, is associated with the pathogenesis of several cancers. One functional polymorphism, -94 insertion/deletion ATTG (rs28362491), in the human NFKB1 gene (one member of the NF-κB gene family) is associated with increased risk of various cancers. However, only one study has reported that rs28362491 is significantly associated with ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the NFKB1 gene and the risk of ovarian cancer in a Chinese population. We examined the potential association between ovarian cancer and 15 SNPs (rs28362491, rs3774932, rs1598856, rs230531, rs230530, rs230528, rs230521, rs230498, rs230539, rs1005819, rs3774956, rs4648055, rs4648068, rs3774964, rs3774968) of the NFKB1 gene using the MassARRAY system. Participants included 411 patients with ovarian cancer and 438 healthy controls. The results showed that the allelic or genotypic frequencies of three polymorphisms, including rs28362491 (promoter region), rs230521 (intron 4), and rs4648068 (intron 12), in the patients with ovarian cancer, were significantly different from those in the healthy controls. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in four blocks (D' > 0.9). Significantly more A-C (block 2: rs230528-rs230521) haplotypes (P = 0.0003 after Bonferroni's corrections) and G-A-A (block 4: rs4648068-rs3774964-rs3774968) haplotypes (P = 0.021) were found in the patients with ovarian cancer. These findings point to a role of the NFKB1 polymorphism in patients with ovarian cancer among a Chinese Han population, and may be informative for future genetic or biological studies on ovarian cancer.