RESUMEN
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) co-localizes with the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSV) in insulin-responsive cells. In response to insulin, IRAP is the only transmembrane enzyme known to translocate together with GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in adipocytes and muscle cells. Although the intracellular region of IRAP is associated with GLUT4 vesicle trafficking, the role of the aminopeptidase activity in insulin-responsive cells has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inhibition of the aminopeptidase activity of IRAP facilitates glucose uptake in insulin-responsive cells. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, inhibition of IRAP aminopeptidase activity with the specific inhibitor, HFI-419, did not modulate glucose uptake. IRAP inhibition in the L6GLUT4myc cell line did not alter glucose uptake in both basal and insulin-stimulated state. In keeping with these results, HFI419 did not affect peripheral, whole-body glucose handling after an oral glucose challenge, neither in normal rats nor in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, acute inhibition of IRAP aminopeptidase activity does not affect glucose homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Cistinil Aminopeptidasa/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Glucosa/metabolismo , Insulina/farmacología , Animales , Transporte Biológico , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Cistinil Aminopeptidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Cistinil Aminopeptidasa/metabolismo , Desoxiglucosa/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Mioblastos/citología , Mioblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
A perda da papila interdental na região anterior da maxila em decorrência da evoluação da doença periodontal ou da terapia empregada, provoca sério problema estético e funcional. A resolução desta situação é complexa e a literatura diponível envolve relatos clínicos isolados de algumas técnicas periodontais. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura, apresentando as alternativas cirúrgicas disponíveis para a recontrução papilar