RESUMEN

Introduction Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the leading causes of knee pain, manifesting itself during daily life activities. This study presents a review on PFPS treatment modalities. Materials and methods State of the art review on the treatment of PFPS with grades of recommendation. Active and passive conservative interventions are reviewed, as well as surgical alternatives. Results Hip and lower-limb muscle strengthening and stretching are active interventions that provide long-lasting benefits. Passive interventions include patellofemoral joint bracing, kinesiotaping and foot orthoses, and are considered useful coadjuvants to active interventions, with quick relief for patients but usually in the short term. Surgical treatment is only recommended in a small subset of patients with specific anatomic abnormalities in the patellofemoral joint. Discussion Conservative treatment remains as the mainstream in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Introducción El síndrome de dolor patelofemoral (SDPF) es una de las principales causas de dolor de rodilla y se presenta con actividades diarias de la vida cotidiana. Este estudio presenta una revisión de la literatura acerca de las modalidades de tratamiento actual para el SDPF. Materiales y métodos Revisión estado del arte acerca del tratamiento del SDPF con grados de recomendación según la evidencia. Se revisan las intervenciones conservadoras activas y pasivas, así mismo las alternativas quirúrgicas. Resultados El fortalecimiento de los músculos de la cadera y del miembro inferior, así como el estiramiento, son intervenciones activas que ofrecen beneficios en el largo plazo para el SDPF. Las intervenciones pasivas como las rodilleras, el kinesiotaping y las ortesis para los pies, ofrecen alivio rápido pero de corta duración. El tratamiento quirúrgico solamente se recomienda en un subgrupo de pacientes que no han respondido a otros tratamientos y que tienen ciertas anormalidades anatómicas específicas que alteran la articulación patelofemoral. Discusión El tratamiento conservador continúa siendo la piedra angular en el tratamiento del síndrome de dolor patelofemoral

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Clove essential oil (CEO) is known for having excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but the poor stability of its components to light and temperature compromise this activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the textural, antioxidant, antimicrobial and microstructural properties of matrixes produced with representative natural waxes and CEO. Thus, waxy emulsifiers, such as beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, and ozokerite wax, were employed to create such matrixes. The thermal, microstructural, textural, wetting, antioxidant, antimicrobial and infrared characteristics of the matrixes were then studied. The diverse chemical composition (long-chain wax esters in carnauba wax and short-chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons in beeswax and ozokerite wax, respectively) explained the differences in wetting, texture, melting, and crystallization characteristics. Crystal forms of these matrix systems varied from grainy, oval, to needle-like shape, but keeping an orthorhombic allomorph. The alignment and reorganization of beeswax and ozokerite wax into needle-like crystals increased the matrix strength and adhesion force compared to those of carnauba and candelilla matrixes, which showed weak strength and grainy morphology. The former two waxes and their matrixes also showed the largest plasticity. These lipidic matrixes show potential use for topical applications having acceptable antioxidant and textural properties.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial pulmonar es una enfermedad con una baja incidencia en la gestante, aunque trae consigo una alta mortalidad una vez presentada. Un diagnóstico oportuno y un manejo perioperatorio adecuado minimizan el riesgo de desenlace fatal tanto para la madre como el feto. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar en la gestante a término y su conducción anestésica. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 23 años, antecedentes de salud, edad gestacional de 35.2 semanas. Luego de presentar dolor de espalda y ardor en el pecho relacionado con el esfuerzo, palpitaciones, disnea y bloqueo de rama derecha en electrocardiograma, se ingresa en UTI con sospecha de tromboembolismo pulmonar, el cual queda descartado tras diagnóstico confirmatorio de hipertensión pulmonar después de realizar angio TAC y ecocardiografía. Se decide realizar cesárea programada bajo técnica regional peridural, sin complicaciones tanto para la madre como el niño. Después de 2 días bajo vigilancia intensiva se traslada a su centro hospitalario de cabecera. Conclusiones: La vía del parto, así como una elección adecuada de la técnica anestésica, puede ser la diferencia entre el éxito y la fatalidad. Las técnicas regionales suelen recomendarse por encima de la técnica de anestesia general siempre que no se presenten contraindicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease with low incidence in the pregnant woman, although it brings about high mortality once presented. Timely diagnosis and adequate perioeprative management minimize the risk of fatal outcome for both mother and fetus. Objective: To describe pulmonary arterial hypertension and its anesthetic management in the term pregnant woman. Case presentation: 23-year-old female patient, with health history and gestational age of 35.2 weeks. After presenting back pain and chest burning associated with exertion, palpitations, dyspnea and right bundle branch block in the electrocardiogram, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism, which was ruled out due to the confirmatory diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension after performing computerized tomography angiography and echocardiography. Scheduled cesarean section was decided to be perform using the regional peridural technique, without complications for both the mother and the child. After two days under intensive surveillance, she was transferred to her primary hospital. Conclusions: The route of delivery, as well as an adequate choice of the anesthetic technique, can be the difference between success and fatality. Regional techniques are usually recommended over the general anesthesia technique, as long as there are no contraindications(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Predicting radiative forcing due to Antarctic stratospheric ozone recovery requires detecting changes in the ozone vertical distribution. In this endeavor, the Limb Profiler of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS-LP), aboard the Suomi NPP satellite, has played a key role providing ozone profiles over Antarctica since 2011. Here, we compare ozone profiles derived from OMPS-LP data (version 2.5 algorithm) with balloon-borne ozonesondes launched from 8 Antarctic stations over the period 2012-2020. Comparisons focus on the layer from 12.5 to 27.5 km and include ozone profiles retrieved during the Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event registered in Spring 2019. We found that, over the period December-January-February-March, the root mean square error (RMSE) tends to be larger (about 20%) in the lower stratosphere (12.5-17.5 km) and smaller (about 10%) within higher layers (17.5-27.5 km). During the ozone hole season (September-October-November), RMSE values rise up to 40% within the layer from 12.5 to 22 km. Nevertheless, relative to balloon-borne measurements, the mean bias error of OMPS-derived Antarctic ozone profiles is generally lower than 0.3 ppmv, regardless of the season.

RESUMEN

This study presents an account of social representations and practices of men and women in a Yucatán municipality regarding the negativity, positivity, and ambivalence over alcohol consumption with respect to their health and social relationships (violent and non-violent), based on the local categories of "knowing how to handle alcohol" and "not knowing how to handle alcohol." This ethnography was conducted within the framework of critical medical anthropology with a relational approach. Fieldwork was carried out over a period of 11 months (2016-2017) in Cuzamá, a municipality in the former henequen-producing area of Yucatán. During this period, the researcher resided in and lived alongside the community. The research was primarily conducted with eight significant actors (four men and four women from 25 to 40 years old), as well as other secondary and tertiary actors, through individual interviews, group interviews, "informal" conversations, and above all participant observation. The results show that in terms of representations, alcohol consumption is primarily discussed from a place of negativity. Although it leads to and is in fact associated with certain health problems, in terms of practices, alcohol consumption is seen as the source of physical, emotional, and relational health benefits. This is evidenced in popular knowledge regarding alcohol consumption, which is characterized by discontinuity and ambivalence more than continuity.

Este trabajo da cuenta de las representaciones y prácticas sociales de varones y mujeres de un municipio de Yucatán, respecto de la negatividad, positividad y ambivalencia del consumo de alcohol en su salud y relaciones sociales (violentas y no violentas), partiendo de las categorías locales del "saber tomar" y el "no saber tomar". La etnografía se desarrolló desde un abordaje de la antropología médica crítica y del enfoque relacional. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo durante 11 meses (2016-2017), en Cuzamá, municipio en la zona ex-henequenera de Yucatán (México), tiempo en el que el investigador vivió y convivió en la comunidad. Se trabajó con ocho actores significativos (cuatro varones y cuatro mujeres de 25 a 40 años de edad) y otros secundarios y terciarios, a través de entrevistas individuales, algunas grupales, conversaciones "informales" y, sobre todo, de la observación participante. Los resultados muestran que, a nivel de representaciones, el consumo se enuncia predominantemente desde su negatividad y, si bien se corresponde e incluso se identifica con ciertas afectaciones para la salud, a nivel de las prácticas, el consumo deriva en beneficios para la salud física, emocional y relacional, evidenciándose que los saberes sociales de las personas sobre el consumo de alcohol se caracterizan más por sus discontinuidades y ambivalencias que por sus continuidades.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Traditionally, oil structuring has been conducted merely in vegetable oils. Alternatively, essential oil structuring provides a great opportunity to develop the topical application of these oils without causing allergic contact dermatitis and improving the sensory properties. The thermal, rheological and microstructure data collection of lipidic matrices produced with representative gelators such as carnauba wax, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate and hydroxyethyl cellulose in lemon essential oil were carried out by DSC, rheology and phase contrast microscopy measurements. This dataset is valuable to researchers interested in characterizing lipidic matrices produced with several gelators, once incorporated in different topical formulations. These data can be used for quality control of topical formulations having several textural features.

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Este trabajo da cuenta de las representaciones y prácticas sociales de varones y mujeres de un municipio de Yucatán, respecto de la negatividad, positividad y ambivalencia del consumo de alcohol en su salud y relaciones sociales (violentas y no violentas), partiendo de las categorías locales del "saber tomar" y el "no saber tomar". La etnografía se desarrolló desde un abordaje de la antropología médica crítica y del enfoque relacional. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo durante 11 meses (2016-2017), en Cuzamá, municipio en la zona ex-henequenera de Yucatán (México), tiempo en el que el investigador vivió y convivió en la comunidad. Se trabajó con ocho actores significativos (cuatro varones y cuatro mujeres de 25 a 40 años de edad) y otros secundarios y terciarios, a través de entrevistas individuales, algunas grupales, conversaciones "informales" y, sobre todo, de la observación participante. Los resultados muestran que, a nivel de representaciones, el consumo se enuncia predominantemente desde su negatividad y, si bien se corresponde e incluso se identifica con ciertas afectaciones para la salud, a nivel de las prácticas, el consumo deriva en beneficios para la salud física, emocional y relacional, evidenciándose que los saberes sociales de las personas sobre el consumo de alcohol se caracterizan más por sus discontinuidades y ambivalencias que por sus continuidades.

ABSTRACT This study presents an account of social representations and practices of men and women in a Yucatán municipality regarding the negativity, positivity, and ambivalence over alcohol consumption with respect to their health and social relationships (violent and non-violent), based on the local categories of "knowing how to handle alcohol" and "not knowing how to handle alcohol." This ethnography was conducted within the framework of critical medical anthropology with a relational approach. Fieldwork was carried out over a period of 11 months (2016-2017) in Cuzamá, a municipality in the former henequen-producing area of Yucatán. During this period, the researcher resided in and lived alongside the community. The research was primarily conducted with eight significant actors (four men and four women from 25 to 40 years old), as well as other secondary and tertiary actors, through individual interviews, group interviews, "informal" conversations, and above all participant observation. The results show that in terms of representations, alcohol consumption is primarily discussed from a place of negativity. Although it leads to and is in fact associated with certain health problems, in terms of practices, alcohol consumption is seen as the source of physical, emotional, and relational health benefits. This is evidenced in popular knowledge regarding alcohol consumption, which is characterized by discontinuity and ambivalence more than continuity.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En el siglo pasado la rabia canina fue endémica en nuestro país. En la década de los 1990's, el Perú implementó el plan de acción para la eliminación de la rabia urbana por recomendación de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, logrando un control exitoso de la rabia. Pese a los esfuerzos desplegados, Puno mantuvo focos endémicos persistentes, y en el 2014, Arequipa reportó el primer evento de reintroducción de rabia urbana en Latinoamérica. El brote de rabia se intensificó en los últimos años en Arequipa, Puno y Cusco, con 19 casos de rabia canina el 2015, a 59 casos el 2016, continuando el 2017 con 47 casos, el 2018 con 46, y hasta julio del 2019, 17 casos. Así, hubo reintroducción de la rabia canina, estableciendo una situación de alta endemicidad no controlada. En el presente reporte, abordamos el contexto y persistencia de la reemergencia de la rabia canina en el sur del Perú.

In the last century, canine rabies was endemic in our country. In the 1990s, Peru implemented the action plan for the elimination of urban rabies on the recommendation of the Pan American Health Organization, achieving successful rabies control. Despite the efforts made, Puno maintained persistent endemic foci, and in 2014, Arequipa reported the first event of reintroduction of urban rabies in Latin America. The outbreak of rabies intensified in recent years in Arequipa, Puno and Cusco, with 19 cases of canine rabies in 2015, to 59 cases in 2016, continuing 2017 with 47 cases, 2018 with 46, and until July 2019, 17 cases Thus, there was reintroduction of canine rabies, establishing a situation of uncontrolled high endemicity. In this report, we address the context and persistence of the re-emergence of canine rabies in south Peru.

RESUMEN

El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica que afecta a diferentes órganos especialmente al riñón. Un gran número de estudios genéticos en diferentes grupos poblacionales han reportado asociaciones entre el polimorfismo en el intrón 16 del gen que codifica la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ECA) con la susceptibilidad a LES y a sus manifestaciones clínicas en particular a la nefropatía lúpica. El presente estudio pretende asociar el polimorfismo genotípico y alélico inserción/deleción (I/D) del gen ECA en pacientes bolivianos con susceptibilidad a LES y a las manifestaciones clínicas que presenta el paciente. Se incluyeron 87 pacientes lúpicos que cumplían con al menos cuatro criterios clínicos de la Sociedad Americana de Reumatología y 85 controles sanos. Todos los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. Se detectaron los polimorfismos alélicos y genotípicos ECA I/I, I/D y D/D mediante la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR). La frecuencia genotípica I/I, I/D y D/D en los pacientes lúpicos era 47.1, 48.3 y 4.6%; en el grupo control era 68.2, 31.8 y 0% respectivamente. En lúpicos la frecuencia alélica era del 71.3 y 28,7%; en controles 84.1 y 15.9% para los alelos I y D respectivamente. Se evidenció que el alelo inserción y sus variantes genotípicas I/I e I/D está sistemáticamente asociado con riesgo al desarrollo de complicaciones clínicas dermatológicas, osteomusculares o hematológicas. En el caso de nefropatía lúpica el alelo inserción es un factor de protección. El polimorfismo estudiado del gen ECA no mostro asociación de riesgo o protección con manifestaciones cardiopulmonares ni neurológicas.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) a systemic autoimmune disease, affects different organs, being kidneys the most frequently affected. Many studies in different population groups have reported associations between the intron 16 of the gene encoding angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism and SLE susceptibility and its clinical manifestations, in particular lupus nephritis. Associate genotypic and allelic insertion/deletion (I/D) of the ACE gene polymorphism in SLE patient's susceptibility and the clinical manifestations were the aims of the present study. 87 lupus patients who met at least four clinical criteria of the American Society of Rheumatology and 85 healthy controls where included. All participants gave their informed consent to participate in the study. Allelic and genotypic ACE I/I, I/D and D/D polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In patients s with SLE, the genotypic frequency of I/I, I/D and D/D were 47.1, 48.3 and 4.6%; and 68.2, 31.8 and 0% in control group respectively. Allele frequency in SLE represent: Insertion 71.3%, Deletion 28.7% and Insertion 84.1%, Deletion 15.9% in control group. Allele and genotypic variants I/I and I/D of the insertion allele were associated systematically with risk to dermatological, musculoskeletal and hematologic complications. Regarding lupus nephritis allele insertion is a protective factor. ACE gene polymorphism here studied has not been associated to risk or protection with cardiopulmonary or neurological clinical manifestations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Fundamento: La hernia diafragmática congénita con debut tardío es una anomalía congénita rara, la cual se diagnostica ante una amplia gama y grados diversos de presentación sintomática, o como hallazgos radiológicos, lo que puede llevar a errores diagnósticos y fracasos terapéuticos. Objetivo: Mostrar un caso de presentación tardía de hernia diafragmática congénita dada la importancia de tenerla presente para los posibles diagnósticos a esa edad. Presentación de caso: Niño de 12 años de edad que llegó al cuerpo de guardia con disfagia y disnea progresiva de tres días de evolución. Se realizó rayos X donde se le diagnosticó la enfermedad, se operó y tuvo una evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La identificación oportuna de la afección permitió el éxito del tratamiento y la recuperación(AU)

Background: The Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with late premiere is a strange congenital anomaly, which is diagnosed before a wide range and diverse grades of symptomatic presentation, or as radiological discoveries, what can take to diagnostic errors and therapeutic failures. Objective: To show a case of late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia given the importance of having it present for the possible diagnoses to that age. Case presentation: A 12 years-old boy that arrived to guard's body with dysphagia and progressive dyspnea of three days of evolution. He was carried out X rays where he was diagnosed the illness, he was operated and he had a satisfactory evolution. Conclusions: The opportune identification of the affection allowed the success of the treatment and the recovery(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Fundamento: La hernia diafragmática congénita con debut tardío es una anomalía congénita rara, la cual se diagnostica ante una amplia gama y grados diversos de presentación sintomática, o como hallazgos radiológicos, lo que puede llevar a errores diagnósticos y fracasos terapéuticos. Objetivo: Mostrar un caso de presentación tardía de hernia diafragmática congénita dada la importancia de tenerla presente para los posibles diagnósticos a esa edad. Presentación de caso: Niño de 12 años de edad que llegó al cuerpo de guardia con disfagia y disnea progresiva de tres días de evolución. Se realizó rayos X donde se le diagnosticó la enfermedad, se operó y tuvo una evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La identificación oportuna de la afección permitió el éxito del tratamiento y la recuperación.

Background: The Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with late premiere is a strange congenital anomaly, which is diagnosed before a wide range and diverse grades of symptomatic presentation, or as radiological discoveries, what can take to diagnostic errors and therapeutic failures. Objective: To show a case of late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia given the importance of having it present for the possible diagnoses to that age. Case presentation: A 12 years-old boy that arrived to guard's body with dysphagia and progressive dyspnea of three days of evolution. He was carried out X rays where he was diagnosed the illness, he was operated and he had a satisfactory evolution. Conclusions: The opportune identification of the affection allowed the success of the treatment and the recovery.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The standardisation of UV information to the public through the UV Index (UVI) has been hugely beneficial since its endorsement by multiple international agencies more than 10 years ago. It has now gained widespread acceptance, and UVI values are available throughout the world from satellite instruments, ground-based measurements, and from forecasts based on model calculations. These have been useful for atmospheric scientists, health professionals (skin and eye specialists), and the general public. But the descriptors and health messages associated with the UVI scale are targeted towards European skin types and UV regimes, and are not directly applicable to the population living closer to the equator, especially for those in the high-altitude Altiplano region of South America. This document arose from discussions at the Latin American Society of Photobiology and Photomedicine's Congress, which was held in Arequipa, Peru, in November 2013. A major outcome of the meeting was the Arequipa Accord, which is intended as a unifying document to ensure co-ordination of UV and health research decisions in Latin America. A plank of that agreement was the need to tailor the UVI scale to make it more relevant to the region and its population. Here we make some suggestions to improve the international applicability of the UVI scale.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We report on the surface UV index (UVI) variations in Santiago (Chile) a city with high air pollution and complex surrounding topography. Ground-based UV measurements were continuously carried out between January 1995 and December 2011, by using a multi-channel filter radiometer (PUV-510). Ground-based measurements and satellite-derived data retrieved from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), were compared. We found that satellite-derived UVI products largely overestimate surface UVI. Our ground-based UVI measurements were significantly lower than TOMS-derived UVI data: (46.1±6.3)% (in the period 1997-2003), and OMI-derived UVI data: (47.0±6.3)% (in the period 2005-2007). Clear-sky SCIAMACHY-derived UVI were found to be also nearly systematically greater than ground-based UVI measurements in the period 2002-2011. An exceptionally long period of clear skies between December 2010 and January 2011 was used to test further satellite-derived UVI data; in the whole period, OMI and SCIAMACHY data were 53.1% and 38.3% greater than our ground-based measurements, respectively. These differences are presumably due to aerosol load associated with the local pollution and the complex topography surrounding Santiago. In addition, linear regression allowed us to estimate trends that we use for forecasting. Methodological details are provided below.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) plays a key role in several biological functions, including human health. Skin exposure to UVR is the main factor in vitamin D photoconversion. There is also evidence relating low levels of vitamin D with certain internal cancers, mainly colon, breast and prostate, as well as other diseases. Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the above-mentioned diseases and latitude, in accordance with the ultraviolet radiation latitudinal gradient. The aim of this study is to determine whether UV irradiance levels in the southern South America are sufficient to produce suitable levels of vitamin D year around. For this purpose, vitamin D photoconversion weighted-irradiance was analyzed between S.S. de Jujuy (24.17°S, 65.02°W) and Ushuaia (54° 50'S, 68° 18'W). In addition to irradiance, skin type and area of body exposed to sunlight are critical factors in vitamin D epidemiology. Due to a broad ethnic variability, it was assumed that the skin type in this region varies between II and V (from the most to the less sensitive). All sites except South Patagonia indicate that skin II under any condition of body area exposure and skin V when exposing head, hands, arms and legs, would produce suitable levels of vitamin D year round (except for some days in winter at North Patagonian sites). At South Patagonian sites, minimum healthy levels of vitamin D year round can be reached only by the more sensitive skin II type, if exposing head, hands, arms and legs, which is not a realistic scenario during winter. At these southern latitudes, healthy vitamin D levels would not be obtained between mid May and beginning of August if exposing only the head. Skin V with head exposure is the most critical situation; with the exception of the tropics, sun exposure would not produce suitable levels of vitamin D around winter, during a time period that varies with latitude. Analyzing the best exposure time during the day in order to obtain a suitable level of vitamin D without risk of sunburn, it was concluded that noon is best during winter, as determined previously. For skin type II when exposing head, exposure period in winter varies between 30 and 130 min, according to latitude, except for South Patagonian sites. During summer, noon seems to be a good time of day for short periods of exposure, while during leisure times, longer periods of exposure without risk of sunburn are possible at mid-morning and mid-afternoon. At 3 h from noon, solar zenith angles are almost the same for sites between the tropics and North Patagonia, and at 4 h from noon, for all sites. Then, in these cases, the necessary exposure periods varied slightly between sites, only due to meteorological differences.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ANTECEDENTES: la piedra blanca es una micosis caracterizada por la presencia de nódulos de color blanco a pardo claro, adheridos a los pelos de la región genital, axilas, cejas, pestañas y cuero cabelludo, es causada principalmente por Trichosporon inkin y Trichosporon ovoides. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: paciente del sexo femenino de 35 años, originaria de San Pedro Sula, Honduras, de buena presencia física y buenos hábitos higiénicos, acude a consulta por presentar nódulos en los pelos púbicos, asintomáticos, de 2 meses de evolución. Al examen físico se pudo observar la presencia de nódulos de color blanquecino a pardo claro, blandos, de 1 a 2 mm, que rodeaban los pelos. No se detectó fluorescencia de los pelos a la luz de Wood. Al examen microscópico se observaron blastoconidios y artroconidios; en el cultivo se obtuvo el crecimiento de colonias levaduriformes, elevadas, de aspecto cerebriforme; en el microcultivo en agar extracto de malta se observaron hifas hialinas, tabicadas que formaban apresorios, pseudohifas fragmentadas, artroconidios rectangulares y blastoconidios. Mediante el sistema API ID32C fue identificado como Trichosporon inkin. Se instauró tratamiento con crema de isoconazol, previo rasurado del vello púbico. Los exámenes realizados al final del tratamiento fueron negativos. CONCLUSIONES: se presenta un caso de piedra blanca genital en el sexo femenino y se hace una actualización sobre la taxonomía del género Trichosporon sobre la base de los estudios moleculares, se discute el papel de T. inkin en esta micosis y su relevancia creciente como agente de infecciones invasivas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, así como la importancia del diagnóstico de laboratorio para la confirmación de los casos(AU)

INTRODUCTION: white piedra is a type of mycosis characterized by white to light brown nodules attached the hair shafts of genitals, axilla, eyelashes, eyebrowns, and scalp and is mainly caused by Trichosporon inkin and Trichosporon ovoides. CASE PRESENTATION: a 35 years-old female with good physical condition and good hygienic habits, who came from San Pedro Sula in Honduras, went to the doctor because of some nodules in their genital hair, asymptomatic, two months of evolution. On physical examination, it was observed that there were white-to-light brown coloured nodules measuring 1-2mm and surrounding the hair shafts. No fluorescence was detected in the hair on Wood´s light. On microscopic examination, blastoconidia and arthroconidia were observed; the culture yielded the growth of elevated yeastlike colonies; the microculture in malt extract agar showed disarticulating hyaline hyphae, partitioned appressoria, fragmented pseudohyphae, rectangular arthroconidia and blastoconidia. Through the API ID32C system, it was identified as Trichosporon inkin. The patient was treated with Isoconazole cream after her genital hair had been shaved. At the end of treatment, the exam results were negative. CONCLUSIONS: the case of a female with genital white piedra was presented and an updating on Trichosporon genus taxonomy on the basis of molecular studies. The role of T. inkin in this mycosis, and its growing importance as an agent of invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, as well as the relevance of lab diagnosis to confirm cases, were discussed(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The exposure of organisms to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is characterized by the climatology (annual cycle) and the variance (anomalies) of biologically-weighted irradiances at eight geographical locations in austral South America, from 1995-2002. The net effect of UVR on biological systems is a result of the balance of damage and repair which depends on intensity and duration of irradiance and is modulated by its variability. The emphasis in this study is on day-to-day variability, a time scale of importance to adaptive strategies that counteract UVR damage. The irradiances were weighted with DNA- and phytoplankton photosynthesis-action spectra. Low latitude sites show high average UVR. For all sites, the frequency of days with above average irradiances is higher than below average irradiances. Persistence in anomalies is generally low (

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ANTECEDENTES: la piedra blanca es una micosis caracterizada por la presencia de nódulos de color blanco a pardo claro, adheridos a los pelos de la región genital, axilas, cejas, pestañas y cuero cabelludo, es causada principalmente por Trichosporon inkin y Trichosporon ovoides. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: paciente del sexo femenino de 35 años, originaria de San Pedro Sula, Honduras, de buena presencia física y buenos hábitos higiénicos, acude a consulta por presentar nódulos en los pelos púbicos, asintomáticos, de 2 meses de evolución. Al examen físico se pudo observar la presencia de nódulos de color blanquecino a pardo claro, blandos, de 1 a 2 mm, que rodeaban los pelos. No se detectó fluorescencia de los pelos a la luz de Wood. Al examen microscópico se observaron blastoconidios y artroconidios; en el cultivo se obtuvo el crecimiento de colonias levaduriformes, elevadas, de aspecto cerebriforme; en el microcultivo en agar extracto de malta se observaron hifas hialinas, tabicadas que formaban apresorios, pseudohifas fragmentadas, artroconidios rectangulares y blastoconidios. Mediante el sistema API ID32C fue identificado como Trichosporon inkin. Se instauró tratamiento con crema de isoconazol, previo rasurado del vello púbico. Los exámenes realizados al final del tratamiento fueron negativos. CONCLUSIONES: se presenta un caso de piedra blanca genital en el sexo femenino y se hace una actualización sobre la taxonomía del género Trichosporon sobre la base de los estudios moleculares, se discute el papel de T. inkin en esta micosis y su relevancia creciente como agente de infecciones invasivas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, así como la importancia del diagnóstico de laboratorio para la confirmación de los casos.

INTRODUCTION: white piedra is a type of mycosis characterized by white to light brown nodules attached the hair shafts of genitals, axilla, eyelashes, eyebrowns, and scalp and is mainly caused by Trichosporon inkin and Trichosporon ovoides. CASE PRESENTATION: a 35 years-old female with good physical condition and good hygienic habits, who came from San Pedro Sula in Honduras, went to the doctor because of some nodules in their genital hair, asymptomatic, two months of evolution. On physical examination, it was observed that there were white-to-light brown coloured nodules measuring 1-2mm and surrounding the hair shafts. No fluorescence was detected in the hair on Wood´s light. On microscopic examination, blastoconidia and arthroconidia were observed; the culture yielded the growth of elevated yeastlike colonies; the microculture in malt extract agar showed disarticulating hyaline hyphae, partitioned appressoria, fragmented pseudohyphae, rectangular arthroconidia and blastoconidia. Through the API ID32C system, it was identified as Trichosporon inkin. The patient was treated with Isoconazole cream after her genital hair had been shaved. At the end of treatment, the exam results were negative. CONCLUSIONS: the case of a female with genital white piedra was presented and an updating on Trichosporon genus taxonomy on the basis of molecular studies. The role of T. inkin in this mycosis, and its growing importance as an agent of invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, as well as the relevance of lab diagnosis to confirm cases, were discussed.

RESUMEN

Se realizó revisión bibliográfica y presentación de caso clínico de un paciente de 39 años, al cual se le diagnostica Lepra lepromatosa variedad nodular difusa, siendo el primer caso reportado en nuestro estado, por la misión Barrio Adentro. El paciente, con antecedentes de trabajar en condiciones infrahumanas desde sus 15 años en las minas de oro de este municipio, refiere que comenzó con anestesia distal en sus miembros superiores, que al paso del tiempo aparecieron lesiones ulcerosas no infecciosas las que al curar dejaban un pérdida ósea, lo que le imposibilitó trabajar, recibiendo además el rechazo de sus compañeros de trabajo. Se recomendó la realización del examen dermatoneurológico a todo paciente consultado, así como tomar las medidas pertinentes para no adquirir esta penosa enfermedad(AU)

A bibliographical review was carried out and a presentation was made of clinical case of a 39 year-old patient with a diagnosis of diffuse lepromatose leprosy of a nodular variety, which was the first case ever reported in our state, by the Deep in the Quarter Mission. The patient, with antecedents of working under infrahuman conditions since the age of 15 in gold mines of this municipality, refers that he began with distal anesthesia in his upper limbs, that eventually non-infectious ulcerous lesions appeared which caused him a bony loss on healing that stopped him from working and caused him to be rejected by his co-workers. It was recommended to do a dermatoneurological exam to all consulted patients, as well as to take the pertinent measures so as not to acquire this painful illness(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The error in irradiance measured with Sun-calibrated multichannel radiometers may be large when the solar zenith angle (SZA) increases. This could be particularly detrimental in radiometers installed at mid and high latitudes, where SZAs at noon are larger than 50 degrees during part of the year. When a multiregressive methodology, including the total ozone column and SZA, was applied in the calculation of the calibration constant, an important improvement was observed. By combining two different equations, an improvement was obtained at almost all the SZAs in the calibration. An independent test that compared the irradiance of a multichannel instrument and a spectroradiometer installed in Ushuaia, Argentina, was used to confirm the results.