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Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Brazil. The social and financial burden of stroke is remarkable; however, the epidemiological profile remains poorly understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the incidence, lethality, and functional status at 30 and 90 days post-stroke in the cities of different Brazilian macro-regions. Methods: This is an observational, prospective, and population-based study, led in Canoas (South), Joinville (South, reference center), Sertãozinho (Southeast), and Sobral (Northeast) in Brazil. It was developed according to the three-step criteria recommended by the World Health Organization to conduct population-based studies on stroke. Using different sources, all hospitalized and ambulatory patients with stroke were identified and the same criteria were kept in all cities. All first events were included, regardless of sex, age, or type of stroke. Demographic and risk factor data were collected, followed by biochemical, electrocardiographic, and radiological test results. Functional status and lethality were obtained using the mRankin scale through telephonic interview (validated Brazilian version). Results: In 1 year, 932 stroke cases were registered (784 ischemic stroke, 105 hemorrhagic stroke, and 43 subarachnoid hemorrhage). The incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants, adjusted for the world population, were 63 in Canoas, 106 in Joinville, 72 in Sertãozinho, and 96 in Sobral. The majority (70.8%) were followed for 90 days. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that 90-day survival was different among cities. Sobral, which has the lowest socioeconomic indexes, revealed the worst results in terms of lethality and functional status. Conclusion: This study expands the knowledge of stroke epidemiology in Brazil, a middle-income country with enormous socioeconomic and cultural diversity. The discrepancy observed regarding the impact of stroke in patients from Joinville and Sobral highlights the need to improve the strategic allocation of resources to meet the health priorities in each location.
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BACKGROUND: It is unknown if improvements in ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes reported after cerebral reperfusion therapies (CRT) in developed countries are also applicable to the "real world" scenario of low and middle-income countries. We aimed to measure the long-term outcomes of severe IS treated or not with CRT in Brazil. METHODS: Patients from a stroke center of a state-run hospital were included. We compared the survival probability and functional status at 3 and 12 months in patients with severe IS treated or not with CRT. From 2010 to 2011, we performed intravenous reperfusion when patients arrived within 4.5 h time-window (IVT group) and after 2011, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) combined or not with intravenous alteplase (IAT group). Those who arrived >4.5 h in 2010-2011 and >6 h in 2012-2017 did not undergo CRT (NCRT group). RESULTS: From 2010 to 2017, we registered 917 patients: 74% (677/917) in the NCRT group, 19% (178/917) in the IVT group and 7% (62/917) in the IAT group. Compared to the NCRT group, IVT patients had a 28% higher (HR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.96) 3-month adjusted probability of survival and risk of functional dependence was 19% lower (adjusted RR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.91). For those who underwent MT, the adjusted probability of survival was 59 % higher (HR: 0.41; 95% CI 0.21-0.77) and the risk of functional dependence was 21% lower (adjusted RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-094). These outcomes remained significantly better throughout the first year. CONCLUSION: CRT led to better outcomes in patients with severe IS in Brazil.
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Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Países en Desarrollo , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/terapia , Trombectomía/métodos , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Revascularización Cerebral/tendencias , Femenino , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema de Registros , Trombectomía/tendencias , Terapia Trombolítica/tendencias , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: Aphasia negatively impacts quality of life. This is the first Brazilian study that investigates the prevalence of aphasia and its related factors, the results of which may underpin hospital and health service planning for this vulnerable population.Objective: To establish the prevalence of aphasia in patients after first-ever ischemic stroke (FEIS) and associated factors.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, based on a database held in Joinville, Brazil. All cases of FEIS admitted to one public hospital in Joinville in 2015 were selected. The diagnosis of aphasia was verified by neurologists through the language item of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).Results: Of the 350 patients with FEIS, 79 (22.6%) had aphasia. Patients with aphasia (PWA) were older, with a higher likelihood of dysarthria, more thrombolytic use, and greater stroke severity. PWA had higher mortality than patients without aphasia (24.1% versus 10.7%, p = .004) and longer hospitalization time (21.32 versus 17.46 days, p = .009). Higher NIHSS score was an independent predictor for the occurrence of aphasia on admission (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.31, p < .001). Older age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09, p < .001) and stroke severity by NIHSS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.25, p = <0.001) were independent predictors of death.Conclusions: PWA may need more health care during hospitalization, because of the severity of the stroke, and their frailty. Further studies are needed to assess the direct impact of aphasia on inpatients.
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Afasia , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Públicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Afasia/epidemiología , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/fisiopatología , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Background Information about long-term outcomes after stroke in developing countries provided by population-based methodologies is scarce. Aim This study aimed to know outcomes five years after a first-ever stroke in Joinville, Brazil. Methods Data were extracted from the Joinville Stroke Registry about all patients who had strokes in Joinville in 2010 and were followed up to 2015. Stroke recurrence, Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities, functional outcomes, and causes of death were ascertained at 30 days, six months, one and five years. Results A total of 399 strokes were studied. The mean age was 64 (standard deviation 16) years. After five years, 52% (95% confidence interval: 47-57%) survived and 20% (95% confidence interval: 15-26%) of the survivors had modified Rankin scale scores >2. More than half of these patients were institutionalized in nursing or home care settings. The average risk of death per year was ≈7%. Survival rates were significantly lower for subarachnoid hemorrhage and primary intracerebral hemorrhage than for ischemic stroke. The five-year recurrence rate was 12% (95% confidence interval: 9-15%). The index stroke was the cause of death in three quarters of the patients. Conclusions The results showed that 68% of the patients with stroke were either dead or disabled five years after first-ever stroke. This percentage is similar to proportions of other recent cohorts from developed countries, despite the lower age of the patients in this study.
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Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Causas de Muerte , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Sistema de Registros , Accidente Cerebrovascular/clasificación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Among ischemic strokes, cardioembolic (CE) stroke has the worst outcome. We measured the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and non-AF related CE strokes, previous anticoagulant use, and the 90-day functional outcome. Using multiple overlapping sources, we included all CE strokes that occurred in 2015 in Joinville, Brazil. Of the 374 ischemic strokes, 23% (84) were CE. The CE age-adjusted incidence, per 1,000 person-years, was 0.14 (0.11-0.17). Of the 26 patients with known prior AF, 73% (19) were not anticoagulated, 77% (20) had a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 3 and 81% (21) had a HAS-BLED score < 3. After three months, approximately one third of those 26 patients died or became disabled. The incidence of CE stroke in our sample was lower than in other population-based studies. The opportunity for anticoagulation was missed in one third of cases.
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Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Embolia Intracraneal/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Embolia Intracraneal/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Among ischemic strokes, cardioembolic (CE) stroke has the worst outcome. We measured the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and non-AF related CE strokes, previous anticoagulant use, and the 90-day functional outcome. Using multiple overlapping sources, we included all CE strokes that occurred in 2015 in Joinville, Brazil. Of the 374 ischemic strokes, 23% (84) were CE. The CE age-adjusted incidence, per 1,000 person-years, was 0.14 (0.11–0.17). Of the 26 patients with known prior AF, 73% (19) were not anticoagulated, 77% (20) had a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 3 and 81% (21) had a HAS-BLED score < 3. After three months, approximately one third of those 26 patients died or became disabled. The incidence of CE stroke in our sample was lower than in other population-based studies. The opportunity for anticoagulation was missed in one third of cases.
RESUMO Entre todos os subtipos de AVC isquêmico, os eventos cardioembólicos (CE) apresentam os piores prognósticos. Determinamos a incidência de AVC isquêmico CE, associada ou não à fibrilação atrial (FA), o uso prévio de anticoagulantes e os desfechos funcionais em Joinville, Brasil. Utilizando múltiplas e sobrepostas fontes de informação, registramos todos os primeiros eventos CE ocorridos em 2015. Entre 374 eventos isquêmicos, 23% (84) foram CE. A incidência ajustada, para qualquer fonte cardioembólica, foi 0.14 (0.11–0.17) por 1000 pessoas-ano. Entre 26 pacientes com FA previamente conhecida, 73% (19) não estavam anticoagulados, 77% (20) tinham ≥ 3 pontos na escala CHA2DS2VASc e 81 % (21) < 3 pontos na escala HAS-BLED. Após 3 meses, um terço destes 26 pacientes morreram ou ficaram dependentes. A incidência de AVC I CE em Joinville é menor do que em outros estudos de base populacional. Um terço dos casos de AVC I CE com FA previamente conhecida perderam a oportunidade de anticoagulação.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Embolia Intracraneal/complicaciones , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Brasil/epidemiología , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Embolia Intracraneal/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Women are reported to have greater mortality after stroke than men, but the reasons are uncertain. We examined sex differences in mortality at 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individual participant data for incident strokes were obtained from 13 population-based incidence studies conducted in Europe, Australasia, South America, and the Caribbean between 1987 and 2013. Data on sociodemographics, stroke-related factors, prestroke health, and 1- and 5-year survival were obtained. Poisson modeling was used to estimate the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared with men at 1 year (13 studies) and 5 years (8 studies) after stroke. Study-specific adjusted MRRs were pooled to create a summary estimate using random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, 16 957 participants with first-ever stroke followed up at 1 year and 13 216 followed up to 5 years were included. Crude pooled mortality was greater for women than men at 1 year (MRR 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.47) and 5 years (MRR 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.38). However, these pooled sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounding factors (1 year MRR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92 and 5-year MRR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89). Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional limitations, stroke severity, and history of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Greater mortality in women is mostly because of age but also stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and prestroke functional limitations. Lower survival after stroke among the elderly is inevitable, but there may be opportunities for intervention, including better access to evidence-based care for cardiovascular and general health.
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Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Australasia/epidemiología , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , América del Sur/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Temporal trends on the incidence of stroke and its subtypes could help assess on-going public health policies and point to further targets for action among middle- and low-income countries, where the stroke burden is very high. This study aimed at evaluating longitudinal trends of stroke incidence in Joinville, Brazil. METHODS: We ascertained the incidence of all first-ever strokes occurred in 1995, 2005-2006 and 2012-2013, which were extracted from Joinville Stroke Registry, a prospective epidemiological data bank, launched in 1995. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2013, the age-adjusted incidence of all strokes decreased 37% (95% CI 32-42). From 2005 to 2013, the haemorrhagic stroke (HS) incidence decreased 60% (95% CI 13-86), ischemic stroke (IS) incidence decreased 15% (95% CI 1-28), and subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence remained stable. The proportion of IS and HS patients with regularly treated hypertension increased by 60% (p = 0.01) and 33% (p = 0.01), respectively. The proportion of IS and HS patients that quit smoking increased 8% (p = 0.03) and 17% (p = 0.03), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke incidence has been decreasing in Joinville over the last 18 years, more so for HS than IS. Better control of hypertension and tobacco use might explain these findings.
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Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Groundbreaking results concerning ischemic stroke (IS) hyperacute treatment worldwide were published in 2014 and 2015. We aimed to compare functional status after 3 months in patients treated with intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) and those treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) alone in Joinville, Brazil. From the Joinville Stroke Registry, we extracted and compared all consecutive IVT patients treated with r-tPA within 4.5 h in the period 2009-2011 versus all consecutive IAT treated within 6 h with the Solitaire FR device plus IVT in the period 2012-2014. We registered 82 patients in the IVT group and 31 patients in the IAT group. At hospital admission, patients in the IAT group were significantly younger (p < 0.001), had a higher educational level (p = 0.001), had a slightly higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.057) and had more severe strokes measured by the NIH stroke scale (p = 0.011). After 90 days, 45% of patients in the IAT group and 27% in the IVT group were independent (0-1 points) according to the modified Rankin scale (adjusted odds ratio: 4.53; 95% CI: 1.22 to 16.75). Symptomatic hemorrhage was diagnosed in 10% of patients in both groups (p = 1.0). The 90-day case-fatality was 39% (32/82) in the IVT group and 26% (8/31) in the IAT group (p = 0.27). In this small cohort, a greater rate of functional independence was achieved in patients treated with IAT plus IVT, compared with patients treated with IVT lysis alone. Our "real-world" findings are consistent with results of controlled, randomized clinical trials.
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Aims To measure the incidence and mortality rates of ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes in Joinville, Brazil. Methods All first-ever IS patients that occurred in Joinville from January 2005 to December 2006 were identified. The IS subtypes were classified by the TOAST criteria, and the patients were followed-up for one year after IS onset. Results The age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 26 (17-39) for large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), 17 (11-27) for cardioembolic (CE), 29 (20-41) for small vessel occlusion (SVO), 2 (0.6-7) for stroke of other determined etiology (OTH) and 30 (20-43) for stroke of undetermined etiology (UND). The 1-year mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 5 (2-11) for LAA, 6 (3-13) for CE, 1 (0.1-6) for SVO, 0.2 (0-0.9) for OTH and 9 (4-17) for UND. Conclusion In the population of Joinville, the incidences of IS subtypes were similar to those found in other populations. These findings highlight the importance of better detection and control of atherosclerotic risk factors. .
Objetivos Avaliar as incidências e as taxas de mortalidade dos subtipos de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico em Joinville, Brasil. Métodos A partir do Registro de AVC de Joinville, um banco de dados de base populacional em curso, foram identificados todos os primeiros eventos de AVC isquêmico que ocorreram em Joinville entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Os subtipos foram classificados pelos critérios de TOAST, e os pacientes foram seguidos por um ano após o evento. Resultados A incidência ajustada por idade por 100.000 habitantes foi de 26 (17-39) para a aterosclerose da artéria grande (AGA), 17 (11-27) para cardioembolia (CE), 29 (20-41) para a oclusão de pequena artéria (OPA), 2 (0,6-7) para outras etiologias determinadas (OTR) e 30 (20-43) para etiologia indeterminada (IND). A taxa de mortalidade de 1 ano por 100.000 habitantes foi de 5 (2-11) para AGA, 6 (3-13) para CE, 1 (0,1-6) para OPA, 0,2 (0-0,9) para OTR e 9 (4-17) para IND. Conclusão Na população de Joinville, as incidências dos subtipos foram semelhantes aos encontrados em outras populações. Estes resultados destacam a importância de uma melhor detecção e controle dos fatores de risco para aterosclerose. .
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
AIMS: To measure the incidence and mortality rates of ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes in Joinville, Brazil. METHODS: All first-ever IS patients that occurred in Joinville from January 2005 to December 2006 were identified. The IS subtypes were classified by the TOAST criteria, and the patients were followed-up for one year after IS onset. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 26 (17-39) for large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), 17 (11-27) for cardioembolic (CE), 29 (20-41) for small vessel occlusion (SVO), 2 (0.6-7) for stroke of other determined etiology (OTH) and 30 (20-43) for stroke of undetermined etiology (UND). The 1-year mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 5 (2-11) for LAA, 6 (3-13) for CE, 1 (0.1-6) for SVO, 0.2 (0-0.9) for OTH and 9 (4-17) for UND. CONCLUSION: In the population of Joinville, the incidences of IS subtypes were similar to those found in other populations. These findings highlight the importance of better detection and control of atherosclerotic risk factors.
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Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In a population-based setting, we aimed to measure the incidence trends of ischemic stroke (IS) thrombolysis, thrombolysis times, proportion of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), 30-day case fatality and functional outcomes. We also compared the 12-month functional status between thrombolyzed and nonthrombolyzed patients. METHODS: Using data from the Joinville Population-Based Stroke Registry, we prospectively ascertained a cohort of all thrombolyses done in Joinville citizens, Southern Brazil, from 2005 to 2011. For the definition of sICH we used European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) II criteria. RESULTS: Over 7 years, 6% (220/3,552) of all IS were thrombolyzed. The thrombolysis incidence increased from 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-2.9] in 2005 to 9.8 (7.3-12.9) per 100,000 population in 2011 (p < 0.0001). The thrombolysis incidence age-adjusted to the world population in 2011 was 11 (8.2-14.3) per 100,000. Only 30% (50/165) were thrombolyzed within 1 h of arrival at hospital. In 7 days, 6.4% (14/220) had sICH and 57% (8/14) of those died. In the 2009-2011 period, a favorable functional outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-1] at 12 months among patients who received thrombolysis was more frequent [mRS 0-1; 36% (38/107)] than among patients who did not receive thrombolysis [mRS 0-1; 24% (131/544); p = 0.016]. The logistic regression showed that thrombolyzed IS patients had a more favorable outcome (mRS 0-1; HR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7; p < 0.016) than nonthrombolyzed patients. CONCLUSION: In a population setting of a middle income country, the thrombolysis incidence and outcomes were similar to those of other well-structured services. After 1 year, patients thrombolyzed in the 4.5-hour time window had a better outcome. More than proportions, rates provide additional information and could be used to benchmark services against others.
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OBJECTIVES: We compared the incidence of recurrent or fatal cardiovascular disease in patients using Brazil's government-run Family Health Program (FHP) with those using non-FHP models of care. METHODS: From 2005 to 2010, we followed outpatients discharged from city public hospitals after a first ever stroke for stroke recurrence and myocardial infarction, using data from all city hospitals, death certificates, and outpatient monitoring in state-run and private units. RESULTS: In the follow-up period, 103 patients in the FHP units and 138 in the non-FHP units had exclusively state-run care. Stroke or myocardial infarction occurred in 30.1% of patients in the FHP group and 36.2% of patients in non-FHP care (rate ratio [RR] = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61, 1.18; P = .39); 37.9% of patients in FHP care and 54.3% in non-FHP care (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.50, 0.92; P = .01) died. FHP use was associated with lower hazard of death from all causes (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58; P = .005) after adjusting for age and stroke severity. The absolute risk reduction for death by all causes was 16.4%. CONCLUSIONS: FHP care is more effective than is non-FHP care at preventing death from secondary stroke and myocardial infarction.
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Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Programas Nacionales de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Prevención Secundaria , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidadRESUMEN
AIMS: Low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with high mortality after stroke. However, ageing can influence eGFR directly and limit this burden impact. We investigated if low eGFR can be a predictor of death in different age groups after ischaemic stroke. METHODS: We evaluated and followed for 22 ± 14 months 871 unselected consecutive survivor patients more than 30 days after ischaemic stroke (55% men, mean age of 66 ± 13 years) recruited in a prospective Brazilian cohort study from March 2005 to December 2007. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR by The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula were analyzed as predictors of mortality for the whole cohort population and stratified by age (younger or older than 65 years old) in a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: There were 119 (14%) deaths during follow up. The mean eGFR was 74 ± 23 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). Three hundred and sixteen patients (36%) presented eGFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). For the whole population, eGFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) was independently associated with death after stroke in the multivariate analysis. When stratified by age groups, low eGFR was the single and independent predictor of death just for individuals younger than 65 years-old, as for older people just chronic atrial fibrillation, previous stroke and increase of age were associated with death. CONCLUSION: Low eGFR measured at the first day of hospital admission can be a simple and trustful predictor of death after ischaemic stroke in people younger than 65 years old.
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Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidad , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Riñón/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Sobrevivientes , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Admisión del Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are scarce data on transient ischemic attack incidence in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to measure transient ischemic attack incidence and the distribution of the ABCD2 risk score in Joinville, Brazil. METHODS: In 2009 to 2010, using a multiple overlapping sources, we ascertained all first ever probable and definite transient ischemic attacks. RESULTS: We recorded 74 definite and probable transient ischemic attacks. The crude incidence was 15 (12-18) per 100 000 population. Age adjusted to European population the incidence was 28 (22-35). One fourth was in the higher risk of stroke by the ABCD2 scale. CONCLUSIONS: The transient ischemic attack incidence in Joinville, Brazil, is lower than other well-designed studies. New studies could clarify whether the measured rates were due to underascertainment or reflect a truly low incidence.
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Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests an inverse association between socioeconomic status and stroke incidence. Our aim was to measure the variation in incidence among different city districts (CD) and their association with socioeconomic variables. METHODS: We prospectively ascertained all possible stroke cases occurring in the city of Joinville during the period 2005-2007. We determined the incidence for each of the 38 CD, age-adjusted to the population of Joinville. By linear regression analysis, we correlated incidence data with mean years of education (MYE) and mean income per month (MIPM). RESULTS: Of the 1,734 stroke cases registered, 1,034 were first-ever strokes. In the study period, the crude incidence in Joinville was 69.5 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 65.3-73.9). The stroke incidence among CD ranged from 37.5 (22.2-64.6) to 151.0 per 100,000 (69.0-286.6). The stroke incidence was inversely correlated with years of education (r = -0.532; p < 0.001). MYE and MIPM were strongly related (R = 0.958), resulting in exclusion of MIPM by collinearity. CONCLUSIONS: Years of education can explain a wide incidence variation among CD. These results may be useful to guide the allocation of resources in primary prevention policies.
Asunto(s)
Escolaridad , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To correlate the presence of non valvar atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and cardioembolic stroke in patients previously assisted by cardiologists and without restrictions to the use of warfarin, with the level of acceptance of the recommendations published about chronic AF among these professionals. METHOD: All strokes accepted in two hospitals of Joinville were prospectively recorded. The patients with AF were questioned about their previous knowledge about arrythmia, the frequency they had seen their cardiologists and the use of warfarin. Later, 11 cardiologists answered to questions about AF, anticoagulation and stroke. RESULTS: Among 167 patients with stroke, 22 were found with ischemic stroke and previous AF. Fifteen of them had previously seen by a cardiologist. Nine patients died, seven were discharged with warfarin and six did not have prescription of anticoagulant. The cardiologists answers presented that 91% of them knew these recommendations, although only 54 % found them applicable to public service's patients. CONCLUSION: Considering that anticoagulation in NVAF reduces the relative stroke risk in 68% per year, we can conclude that 11 in 22 patients could have avoided the event. Thus, considering the stroke incidence in 1997 and current population in Joinville, we may speculate that currently 4% of all stokes per year in Joinville are potentially avoidable.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Warfarina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Correlacionar acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) cardioembólico em portadores de fibrilação atrial (FA) crônica não valvular, potencialmente evitáveis, previamente acompanhados por cardiologistas, sem restrições ao uso da warfarina, com o grau de absorção das recomendações e limitações publicadas sobre anticoagulação e FA. MÉTODO: Registramos prospectivamente todos os casos de AVC internados em dois hospitais de Joinville.Na presença de FA, foi questionado aos pacientes se sabiam da existência da arritmia, freqüência de visitas a cardiologistas e uso prévio de warfarina. Posteriormente aplicamos um questionário transversal a 11 cardiologistas sobre o FA, anticoagulação e AVC. RESULTADOS: Entre 167 pacientes com AVC, 22 tinham FA prévia e AVC isquêmico. Destes, 15 tinham consultado previamente um cardiologista. Nove pacientes faleceram, sete tiveram alta anticoagulados e seis não receberam warfarina. O questionário evidenciou que 91 por cento dos colegas conheciam as recomendações publicadas, mas somente 54 por cento deles consideravam-nas aplicáveis para pacientes do serviço público. CONCLUSAO: A anticoagulação na FA reduz 68 por cento o risco relativo para AVC/ano. Logo, 11 dos 22 pacientes poderiam ter evitado o evento. Extrapolando a incidência em 1997 e a população atual, podemos considerar que 4 por cento de todos os AVC por ano em Joinville são potencialmente evitáveis.