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Objectives. The main objective of this study was to evaluate mean propulsive velocity (MPV), mean propulsive force (MPF) and mean propulsive power (MPP) in elite police officers under LOADED and UNLOADED conditions. The study also investigated the association of body composition and strength levels under the same load conditions. Methods. Twenty-one men from an elite unit in Brazil participated in the study, performing Smith machine half squats and an agility test. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body composition; a linear encoder measured MPV, MPF and MPP during the half squats; and a manual chronometer registered agility test performance. Results. The results showed that wearing and carrying occupational loads did not alter the squat exercise's MPP, MPV and MPF but reduced the performance of relative MPP and agility (p < 0.05). The results also showed that MPP had a higher association with force (i.e., MPF and one-repetition maximum [1RM]) than velocity (i.e., MPV and agility) under the LOADED condition (p < 0.05). Among the body composition variables, only lean body mass was associated with MPP under the LOADED condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion. These findings suggest that load carriage does not reduce absolute mechanical power output, but reduces the relative MPP and agility in military police officers.
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Aluminium (Al)-rich palaeosols-i.e., palaeobauxite deposits-should have formed in karst depressions in carbonate sequences as a result of acidic solutions from oxidative weathering of sulfide minerals during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), but no GOE-related karst-palaeobauxite deposits have so far been recorded. Here, we report results of in situ uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of detrital zircon and spatially associated rutile from a metamorphosed Al-rich rock within a dolomite sequence in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) of Minas Gerais, Brazil, known as the Gandarela Formation. Rutile grains are highly enriched in thorium (Th = 3-46 ppm; Th/U ratio = 0.3-3.7) and yielded an isochron, lower-intercept age of ca. 2.12 Ga, which coincides with the final phase of the GOE-i.e., the Lomagundi event. The rutile age represents either authigenic growth of TiO2 enriched in Th, U and Pb during bauxite formation, or subsequent rutile crystallisation during metamorphic overprint. Both cases require an authigenic origin for the rutile. Its high Th contents can be used as a palaeoenvironmental indicator for decreased soil pH during the GOE. Our results also have implications for iron (Fe)-ore genesis in the QF. This study demonstrates that in situ U-Th-Pb-isotope analyses of rutile can place tight constraints on the age and nature of palaeosols.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e analisar a validade de conteúdo, constructo e a fidedigni-dade de um questionário para avaliar a demanda física e operacional, saúde e condições de trabalho em policiais e bombeiros militares. O Questionário de Saúde e Performance para Militares (QSPM) foi desenvolvido por pesquisadores militares e não militares, a validade foi analisada com o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC), análise fatorial exploratória e a fidedignidade com o percentual de concordância (%C), coeficiente Kappa e alfa de Cronbach. Nove juízes participaram da validação de conteúdo, 732 militares (15% mulheres) participaram da etapa de validação de constructo e 262 militares (18% mulheres) responderam duas vezes ao QSPM para a verificação da fidedignidade. As análises foram realizadas no software SPSS 26 e o nível de significância mantido em 5%. O QSPM apresentou o IVC de 0,98 e variância total explicada em 54,7%. A reprodutibilidade apresentou valores de %C entre 97,2 - 100,0%, Kappa entre 0,94 - 1,00 (p < 0,05) e alpha de Cronbach entre 0,80 - 1,00 (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o QSPM apresentou validade de conteúdo, constructo e fidedignidade para avaliar a frequência da demanda física e operacional, as condições de saúde e de trabalho de policiais e bombeiros militares
The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the content and construct validity and reliability of a questionnaire to assess the performance, health and working conditions of police officers and military fire-fighters (QSPM). Civilian and military personnel carried out the development of the QSPM. The validity was analyzed by the content validity index (CVI), factor analysis, and the reproducibility by the simple agreement (%SA), the Kappa coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. Nine experts participated in the content validation, 732 military personnel (15 women) participated in the construct validation, and 262 military (18% women) answered the QSPM twice to measure reproducibility. The QSPM had a CVI of 0.98. In the exploratory factorial analysis, when considering four factors, and the total explained variance was 54.7%. The reproducibility showed %SA values varying between 97.2 to 100.0%, Kappa values varying between 0.94 to 1.00 (p < 0.05 for all questions) and, Cronbach's α values varying between 0.80 to 1.00 (p < 0.05 for all questions). In conclusion, the QSPM showed content validity, construct validity and reliability to measure the frequency of physical-operational demand, the presence of morbidities, and the working condi-tions of police officers and firefighters
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Aptitud Física , Dolor Musculoesquelético , Distrés Psicológico , Ciencia MilitarRESUMEN
Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a serious problem in Military Police Officers (MPO), which accounts for up to 45% of the sick leave rates. It has been assumed that the strength and the endurance of trunk flexor and extensor muscles are CLPB key factors, but it is not known whether these attributes are related to pain intensity. It was aimed to determine whether the strength and endurance of trunk flexor and extensor muscles differ in MPO with no pain (CON; n = 24), moderate (MOD; n = 42), and severe (SEV; n = 37) nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: The peak torque and endurance test of trunk flexor (PTF.BM-1) and extensor (PTE.BM-1) muscles were compared. A multiple regression analysis was used to identify pain intensity predictors in all groups (PAIN) and according to pain intensity (MOD and SEV). Results: The PTF.BM-1 was negatively related to pain and was a significant predictor, irrespective of pain intensity (PAIN). Conclusion: When pain intensity was considered the PTF.BM-1 and PTE.BM-1 explained the pain in the MOD, while the PTE.BM-1 and service time explained pain intensity in the SEV. Endurance of the flexor and extensor muscles was not related to pain intensity. These results indicated that training protocols must emphasize specific strengthening routines.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Personal Militar , Resistencia Física , Adulto , Antropometría , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , PoliciaRESUMEN
Considering the new coronavirus epidemic (Covid-19), the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, represented by the Peritoneal Steering Committee, in agreement with the and the Dialysis Department, developed a series of recommendations for good clinical practices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) clinics, to be considered during the period of the Covid-19 epidemic. We aim to minimize the disease spread, protecting patients and staff, and ensuring the quality of the treatment provided and adequate follow-up for PD patients. The recommendations suggested at this moment must be adapted to each clinic's reality and the conditions of the structural and human resources, dependent on the adequate financial provision of the public health system for its full implementation.
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Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Pandemias/prevención & control , Diálisis Peritoneal/normas , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Brasil , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Desinfección/métodos , Desinfección/normas , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Máscaras , Nefrología/normas , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Aislamiento de Pacientes/métodos , Aislamiento de Pacientes/normas , Diálisis Peritoneal/instrumentación , Diálisis Peritoneal/métodos , Equipo de Protección Personal , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Sociedades Médicas , Telemedicina/legislación & jurisprudencia , Telemedicina/métodos , Telemedicina/normas , Servicio de Urología en Hospital/organización & administración , Servicio de Urología en Hospital/normasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Considering the new coronavirus epidemic (Covid-19), the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, represented by the Peritoneal Steering Committee, in agreement with the and the Dialysis Department, developed a series of recommendations for good clinical practices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) clinics, to be considered during the period of the Covid-19 epidemic. We aim to minimize the disease spread, protecting patients and staff, and ensuring the quality of the treatment provided and adequate follow-up for PD patients. The recommendations suggested at this moment must be adapted to each clinic's reality and the conditions of the structural and human resources, dependent on the adequate financial provision of the public health system for its full implementation.
RESUMO Considerando a nova epidemia de coronavírus (Covid-19), a Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia, representada pelo Comitê de Diálise Peritoneal, em concordância com a diretoria e o Departamento de Diálise, desenvolveu uma série de recomendações de boas práticas clínicas para os serviços de diálise peritoneal a serem consideradas durante o período da epidemia de Covid-19, com o objetivo de minimizar a disseminação da doença, proteger pacientes e funcionários e garantir a qualidade do tratamento prestado e acompanhamento adequado para os pacientes em DP. As recomendações aqui sugeridas devem ser adaptadas a cada realidade de serviço e às condições estruturais e de recursos humanos e dependem da provisão financeira adequada do sistema público de saúde para sua plena implementação.
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Humanos , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Diálisis Peritoneal/normas , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Betacoronavirus , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Brasil , Desinfección/métodos , Servicio de Urología en Hospital/normas , Telemedicina/normas , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Equipo de Protección Personal , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19RESUMEN
Raman scattering enables unforeseen uses for the laser guide-star system of the Very Large Telescope. Here, we present the observation of one up-link sodium laser beam acquired with the ESPRESSO spectrograph at a resolution λ/Δλâ¼140 000. In 900 s on source, we detect the pure rotational Raman lines of ^{16}O_{2}, ^{14}N_{2}, and ^{14}N^{15}N (tentatively) up to rotational quantum numbers J of 27, 24, and 9, respectively. We detect the ^{16}O_{2} fine-structure lines induced by the interaction of the electronic spin S and end-over-end rotational angular momentum N in the electronic ground state of this molecule up to N=9. The same spectrum also reveals the ν_{1â0} rotational-vibrational Q-branch for ^{16}O_{2} and ^{14}N_{2}. These observations demonstrate the potential of using laser guide-star systems as accurate calibration sources for characterizing new astronomical spectrographs.
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Molybdenum (Mo) and its isotopes have been used to retrieve palaeoenvironmental information on the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Their application has so far been restricted to rocks least affected by severe metamorphism and deformation, which may erase or alter palaeoenvironmental signals. Environmental Mo-isotope signatures can be retrieved if the more manganese (Mn)-enriched rocks are isotopically depleted and the maximum range of δ98Mo values is close to the ~2.7 Mo-isotope fractionation known from Mo sorption onto Mn oxides at low temperature. Here, we show that the Morro da Mina Mn-ore deposit in Minas Gerais, Brazil, contains Mn-silicate-carbonate ore and associated graphitic schist that likely preserve δ98Mo of Palaeoproterozoic seawater, despite a metamorphic overprint of at least 600 °C. The extent of Mo-isotope fractionation between the Mn-silicate-carbonate ore and the graphitic schist is similar to modern Mn-oxide precipitates and seawater. Differences in δ98Mo signals are broadly reflected in cerium (Ce) anomalies, which suggest an oxic-anoxic-stratified Palaeoproterozoic ocean.
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Apresentamos um caso de um adolescente de 14 anos, atleta da categoria sub-15 de um clube de futebol do Brasil, com diagnóstico de fratura de fêmur distal Salter-Harris tipo II por um mecanismo de hiperextensão do membro inferior. Foi optado por tratamento conservador com uso de órtese para imobilização e muletas para deambulação. O acompanhamento foi feito com 7, 21, 56 e 86 dias de evolução com o auxílio de tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e radiografia simples de joelho. O atleta não apresentou nenhum sintoma ou incapacidade após os 90 dias de acompanhamento, mas foi verificada uma epifisiodese no exame de imagem. Apesar de ser uma fratura da placa de crescimento femoral distal comum em adolescentes entre 11 e 14 anos de idade por trauma direto ou por angulação do fêmur distal por um pé fixo ao solo que é golpeado pelo lado por outro individuo, não há relatos de fratura Salter-Harris tipo II por mecanismo de hiperextensão do membro inferior na literatura
We report a case of a 14-year-old athlete in the U-15 category of a soccer club in Brazil with a diagnosis of Salter-Harris type II distal femur fracture due to a hyperextension mechanism of the lower limb. Conservative treatment with bracing and crutches for ambulation was used. Follow-up was performed with 7, 21, 56 and 86 days of evolution with the aid of computed tomography, magnetic resonance and simple knee radiography. The athlete did not present any symptoms or disability after the 90 days of follow-up, but an epiphysiodesis was verified in the image exam. Despite being a common distal femoral growth plate fracture in adolescents between 11 and 14 years-old due to direct trauma or distal femur angulation by a foot fixed to the ground that is struck by the side by another individual, there are no reports of fracture Salter-Harris type II by mechanism of hyperextension of the lower limb in the literature
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This study aimed to compare the performance of an internal combustion engine fed with blends of biodiesel produced from soybean and diesel, and blends of biodiesel produced from beef tallow and diesel. Performance was evaluated in terms of power generated at low loading conditions (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5â kW) and emission of organic and inorganic pollutants. In order to analyse inorganic gases (CO, SO2 and NOx), an automatic analyser was used and the organic emissions (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene - BTEX) were carried out using a gas chromatograph. The results indicate that the introduction of the two biodiesels in the fuel caused a reduction in CO, SO2 and BTEX emissions. In addition, the reduction was proportional to the increase in loading regime. Beef tallow biodiesels presented better results regarding emission than soybean biodiesels. The use of pure biodiesels also presented a net reduction in pollutant gas emissions without hindering the engine generator performance.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Biocombustibles , Grasas/química , Glycine max/química , Emisiones de Vehículos/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/química , Brasil , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/químicaRESUMEN
A Etnopsiquiatria surgiu na Europa do pós-guerra como uma alternativa novo-paradigmática à excessiva patologização da Psiquiatria Clássica. Propunha uma releitura relativista dos transtornos mentais, incorporando elementos da cultura de origem do paciente como elementos redefinidores das categorias diagnósticas e, ao mesmo tempo, como parte da intervenção que se provou mais eficaz do que aquelas mais tradicionais e centradas em farmacoterapias. Este artigo propõe uma releitura das dimensões histórico-antropológicas da identidade terapêutica, a partir das contribuições deste campo emergente da Psiquiatria. Além disso, algumas habilidades que são exigidas no setting clínico são explicitadas de forma mais precisa, em um diálogo que releva alguns dos desafios mais frequentes para a construção contínua de nossa identidade profissional.
Ethnopsychiatry originated in post-warEurope as a new paradigm and alternative to the excessive pathologization of Classic Psychiatry. At the time, this trend presented a relativist review of mental disorders, which incorporated elements of the patient's culture of origin as a tool that could redefine diagnostic categories and, at the same time, prove to be more efficient than traditional and drug-oriented interventions. This article brings forth a review of the historical-anthropological dimensions of the therapist's identity based upon the contributions of this emerging field in Psychiatry. In addition, it examines the skills that are necessary within the clinical setting. This discussion hence establishes a dialogue which reveals some of the most frequent challenges faced by therapists in the continuous path to professional identity building.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , PsicoterapiaRESUMEN
A Etnopsiquiatria surgiu na Europa do pós-guerra como uma alternativa novo-paradigmática à excessiva patologização da Psiquiatria Clássica. Propunha uma releitura relativista dos transtornos mentais, incorporando elementos da cultura de origem do paciente como elementos redefinidores das categorias diagnósticas e, ao mesmo tempo, como parte da intervenção que se provou mais eficaz do que aquelas mais tradicionais e centradas em farmacoterapias. Este artigo propõe uma releitura das dimensões histórico-antropológicas da identidade terapêutica, a partir das contribuições deste campo emergente da Psiquiatria. Além disso, algumas habilidades que são exigidas no setting clínico são explicitadas de forma mais precisa, em um diálogo que releva alguns dos desafios mais frequentes para a construção contínua de nossa identidade profissional.(AU)
Ethnopsychiatry originated in post-warEurope as a new paradigm and alternative to the excessive pathologization of Classic Psychiatry. At the time, this trend presented a relativist review of mental disorders, which incorporated elements of the patient's culture of origin as a tool that could redefine diagnostic categories and, at the same time, prove to be more efficient than traditional and drug-oriented interventions. This article brings forth a review of the historical-anthropological dimensions of the therapist's identity based upon the contributions of this emerging field in Psychiatry. In addition, it examines the skills that are necessary within the clinical setting. This discussion hence establishes a dialogue which reveals some of the most frequent challenges faced by therapists in the continuous path to professional identity building.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , PsicoterapiaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: analisar o perfil facial masculino adulto jovem, através de fotografias padronizadas e comparar a medição manual com a medição computadorizada por meio do software Cef X (CDT). MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 40 indivíduos brasileiros brancos, com média de idade de 21,9 anos, que possuíam perfis agradáveis, oclusão normal, sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico prévio. As fotografias coloridas de 10cm x 15cm foram obtidas de forma padronizada, com o indivíduo na posição natural da cabeça. As fotografias foram medidas manualmente, utilizando-se paquímetro digital e transferidor, e também através de computador, utilizando-se o programa Cef X (CDT). Trinta e seis variáveis faciais foram analisadas por meio de medidas lineares, angulares e proporcionais. RESULTADOS: as médias da medição manual e da medição por computador foram diferentes estatisticamente para 24 variáveis. No método por computador, somente uma medida mostrou diferença significativa entre a primeira e a segunda medição, enquanto na manual oito mostraram diferença. CONCLUSÕES: considerando-se que houve diferença entre as medições manual e por computador, deve-se utilizar as médias respectivas para cada tipo de medição. Os dois tipos de medição são confiáveis, entretanto a medição por computador é mais precisa. Devido à praticidade e agilidade da medição por computador, esta seria a mais indicada.
Aim: To analyze the young male adult facial profile using standardized photographs and compare manual measuring procedures to the measuring procedures with the software Cef X (CDT). METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 Brazilian Caucasian individuals, with an average age of 21.9 years, who possessed pleasant profiles, normal occlusion, and no history of previous orthodontic treatment. Colored photographs measuring 10cm x 15cm were taken in a standard way with the subject in natural head position. The photographs were measured manually, using dial caliper and a protractor, as well as using the Cef X (CDT) computer program. Thirty six facial variables were analyzed with linear, angular, and proportional measurements. RESULTS: Manual and computerized measurement scores presented different statistics to 24 variables. In the computerized method only one measurement showed significant difference between the first and the second measuring whereas in the manual method eight measurements presented differences. CONCLUSION: Considering that there were differences in manual and computerized measurements, one must use respective mean values for each type of measuring procedure. Both types of measurement are reliable although the computerized one is more accurate. Due to the convenience and swiftness of the computerized measuring, it is best recommended.