RESUMEN
Sixteen 3-week-old calves were intratracheally inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis. Follow-up consisted of regular bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) and clinical examinations. Animals were slaughtered from 4 to 21 days after inoculation. Counts were made of the mycoplasmas and other bacteria systematically isolated from the BAL liquids and lung lobes after slaughter. On the 6th day, spectinomycin 20mg/kg was given intramuscularly in three repeated doses at 24h intervals to six randomly chosen calves. All animals had developed a persistent M. bovis infection with a maximum BAL count on the 6th day (start of treatment). Co-occuring Pasteurella multocida infection was found in most animals with a maximum rate on the 14th day. The extent of lung surface lesions varied widely (0-64%) but was greater in the later slaughtered calves. Average counts of M. bovis and P. multocida in the BAL liquids were lower in treated calves than in untreated ones but the difference was not statistically significant. However, M. bovis and P. multocida counts in the lungs of the treated group were significantly lower than in the untreated group (p=0.003 and 0.009, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Espectinomicina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Lavado Broncoalveolar/veterinaria , Bovinos , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Mycoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Pasteurella multocida , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Espectinomicina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
An immunohistochemical study was performed on three groups of young cattle (21, 60 and 300 days of age). Tonsils (palatine and pharyngeal) and mucosae (nasal and oral) were removed. Eight monoclonal antibodies (specific for CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8, WC1, cell-surface IgM, cell-surface IgG and MHC class II molecules) and an avidin/biotin complex method on frozen sections were used. The immunological cytoarchitecture of bovine tonsils is similar to that of human tonsils. Nevertheless, these lymphoid tissues are not fully developed during the first weeks of life: T and B dependent areas not well-differentiated, few germinal centres, few intra-epithelial WC1+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, at 2 months, tonsils possess all the elements of a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Tonsillar or mucosal epithelium is infiltrated by a large number of CD8+, WC1+ T lymphocytes and cells which express MHC class II molecules. Between 21 and 60 days, the number of WC1+ T lymphocytes increase markedly in the tonsillar epithelium. These results accredit the hypothesis that the presence of antigens has an effect on the localization of these lymphocytes at these sites.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tonsila Palatina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Envejecimiento , Animales , Antígenos de Diferenciación/análisis , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/análisis , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Tonsila Palatina/citología , Tonsila Palatina/inmunología , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The 24 hr pattern of melatonin secretion was determined in scrapie-affected ewes during the clinical course of the disease. The melatonin response to a night interruption by a 1 hr period of illumination was also measured. Fourteen ewes (seven control and seven scrapie-affected ewes) were subjected to artificial short days (9L:15D). Four 24 hr blood sampling sessions separated by about 10 days were performed. Ewes were sacrificed when clinical signs had progressed to irreversible recumbency and the scrapie diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. Plasma melatonin was assayed in all samples and prolactin was analysed in samples obtained during the second sampling session using RIA methods. The instantaneous amplitude of elevation of plasma melatonin concentrations was calculated for each ewe and each sampling session and the within-ewe repeatability of this parameter was evaluated. The within-ewe repeatability of instantaneous amplitude of melatonin secretion was apparently greater in control than in scrapie-affected ewes (72% vs. 39%). The light stimulus induced an abrupt decrease of night melatonin concentrations in all ewes. Prolactin secretion was not affected by the disease. It was concluded that the 24 hr pattern of melatonin secretion was maintained in scrapie-affected ewes. The retino-hypothalamic tract transducing light information remained functional in diseased ewes despite some evidence of histopathological changes of the pineal gland. The instability of melatonin secretion during the clinical course of scrapie could reflect a disturbance of pineal function. However, whether this effect exists or not, it could not be used to discriminate scrapie-affected ewes from control ones.
Asunto(s)
Melatonina/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Scrapie/metabolismo , Animales , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Femenino , Hipotálamo/fisiología , Fototransducción/fisiología , Melatonina/sangre , Fotoperiodo , Glándula Pineal/metabolismo , Hipófisis/metabolismo , Prolactina/sangre , Retina/fisiología , OvinosRESUMEN
Many monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine spleen. This study confirms accepted notions (B and T dependent-zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 and CD8 cells, gamma delta T cells, MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) II expression, and macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Bovinos/metabolismo , Bazo/química , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Linfocitos B/química , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Antígenos CD4/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Antígenos CD8/análisis , Antígenos CD8/inmunología , Antígenos CD8/metabolismo , Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Secciones por Congelación/veterinaria , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/análisis , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Leucocitos/química , Leucocitos/citología , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/química , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Bazo/citología , Bazo/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/química , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/metabolismoRESUMEN
The present study aimed to predict the resultant healing from early lesions (found days 3 and 10 post injection) caused by the intramuscular injection of veterinary antibiotic formulations. Nineteen marketed drugs were selected in order to screen a wide range of irritation conditions at the injection site. Nineteen ewes were each injected intramuscularly with one of the formulations. Each injection was at a different site, 3 and 10 days prior to slaughter. Fourteen of these ewes also received intramuscular injections at two other sites 21 and 32 days prior to slaughter. The tolerance was monitored by clinical examination of the injection site and by gross and microscopic pathology. Myodegeneration and fibre necrosis were determined histologically. The clinical scores did not correlate with the other findings. Myodegeneration correlated with the size of the lesion on day 3 post-injection and was not found thereafter. Although occasionally found alone, it was generally associated with and surrounded by fibre necrosis. When myodegeneration was the only lesion, regeneration was complete by day 21 and the fibrosis was minimal or absent. Necrosis at day 10 post-injection correlated with necrosis at days 3, 21 and 32 post-injection. Fibrosis became prominent around the necrotic muscles from day 10 post-injection. Healing from necrosis was slow with, in some instances, encapsulated debris still persisting at day 32 post-injection. The tissue irritation index correlated well with myodegeneration and necrose (acute lesions) and fibrose and necrose (older lesions). Thus, after considering a large sample of antibiotic formulations, this study indicated that healing could be predicted from the muscle fibre histopathology at days 3 and 10 post-injection. If myodegeneration was found alone, full recovery within 21 days could be predicted. If fibre necrosis was extensive, the healing involved encapsulating the necrotic tissues and thus resulted in extensive scar formation. The tissue changes explained why the irritation index of the lesions at days 21 and 32 post-injection could be predicted from their irritation index at days 3 and 10 post-injection. Likewise, the size of the lesion at days 21 and 32 post-injection could not be predicted from its size at day 3 post injection.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Femenino , Fibrosis , Inyecciones Intramusculares/efectos adversos , Necrosis , OvinosRESUMEN
Technical information to facilitate bovine blood treatment for optimum lymphocyte flow cytometry analysis is reported. Murine monoclonal antibodies CC8 and CC63 were used to identify phenotypes corresponding to bovine CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. Blood samples collected in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) enhanced leucocyte subpopulation separation compared with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, heparin and sodium citrate. To preserve bovine blood before immunophenotyping, samples collected in ACD may be kept at 22 degrees C or at 4 degrees C and should be analysed within 32 hours. For isolation of white blood cells, whole blood lysis was faster and gave the same results as Ficoll gradient separation 1.077 and Ficoll gradient separation 1.083. After immunophenotyping, blood could be stored at 4 degrees C if fixed with paraformaldehyde within seven days. Owing to diurnal variations, blood should be collected at a standard time of the day.
Asunto(s)
Relación CD4-CD8/veterinaria , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Bovinos/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/citología , Separación Celular/métodos , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad/métodos , Femenino , Ficoll , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Citometría de Flujo/veterinaria , Inmunofenotipificación , Ratones/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/citología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Many monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine lymph nodes. Our study confirms usually accepted notions (B and T dependent-zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 cells (particularly intrafollicular positive cells), gamma delta T cells, MHC II expression and dendritic leukocytes.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Ganglios Linfáticos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Femenino , Secciones por Congelación , Inmunohistoquímica , Ganglios Linfáticos/citología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In lymphoid tissue, the presence of high amounts of free proteins and immunoglobulins frequently leads to the observation of non-specific reactivities during immunohistochemical reactions. The types of anti-immunoglobulin sera utilized in these immunohistochemical reactions may be capable of identifying immunoglobulins secreted or harboured by the tissue cells under study, leading to non-specific marking. Incubation of these antisera with serum from the species in which the lymphoid tissue is studied neutralizes the non-specific reactivities connected with the presence of tissue immunoglobulins.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/inmunología , Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Tampones (Química) , Bovinos/inmunología , Femenino , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Conejos , PorcinosRESUMEN
Three blonde d'Aquitaine calves (one male and two females) about four months old, exhibited skin lesions just after birth, the site and nature of which suggested photosensitisation. Their porphyrin metabolism indicated a marked decrease in the activity of lymphocytic ferrochelatase, leading to a diagnosis of congenital erythrocytic protoporphyria. The associated nervous disorders of the 'recurrent epileptiform seizure' type are discussed in the light of complementary histological and biochemical tests.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/congénito , Eritrocitos/química , Porfirias/veterinaria , Protoporfirinas/sangre , Animales , Cruzamiento , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Heces/química , Femenino , Ferroquelatasa/sangre , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Porfirias/sangre , Porfirias/congénito , Protoporfirinas/análisisRESUMEN
The histologic study on six horses of the ileo-caecal and caeco-colic junctions confirms their sphincteral structure. It appears that the activity of the muscular fibres, identified in the ileo-caecal and caeco-colic plica, modulates the curvature of the junctions and thus, blocks, as sphincters, the reflux of contents from the caecum into the ileum and from the colon into the caecum. But on the other hand, the pelvic flexure does not possess any microscopic organization to stop the reflux of contents from the dorsal colon into the ventral colon.
Asunto(s)
Ciego/anatomía & histología , Colon/anatomía & histología , Caballos/anatomía & histología , Válvula Ileocecal/anatomía & histología , AnimalesRESUMEN
The influence of various histologic techniques on the results obtained by morphometric analysis of the rat thyroid gland was studied. The limits of thyroid follicles were more clearly defined in both silver-impregnated paraffin-embedded sections and resin-embedded semithin sections than in routinely stained paraffin-embedded sections, thus enabling more accurate measurements of thyroid structures. Due to its simplicity, the silver impregnation method is clearly useful for histomorphometric studies when large numbers of measurements are involved. C cells were easily identified in paraffin-embedded sections by immunohistochemical staining. The measurement of interstitial tissue in sections without immunostaining of C cells led to an overestimation of the volume fraction of interstitial tissue.
Asunto(s)
Glándula Tiroides/anatomía & histología , Animales , Femenino , Técnicas Histológicas , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The thyroid glands of male and female rats (Sprague Dawley) 10 to 60 weeks of age were examined histomorphometrically. The results show a clear sex dimorphism. The thyroid follicles in the male animals show a greater functional activity than in the female animals. But while the morphology of the follicles in the females was constant throughout the period of observation, in the males the activity gradually diminished.
Asunto(s)
Ratas Endogámicas/anatomía & histología , Caracteres Sexuales , Glándula Tiroides/anatomía & histología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
The morphological variations of rat thyroid follicles after treatment with either thyroxin or propylthiouracil were evaluated by histomorphometry. A silver impregnation technique allowed a precise visualization of thyroid follicles on histological sections. The histomorphometric values (cell height, follicular diameter, percentage of epithelial cells) were obtained using a semi-automatic image analyser. The statistical tests used were analysis of variance (Fisher's test) and the Newman-Keuls tests. The results obtained showed that thyroxin treatment did not lead to any modification in histomorphometric values. Propylthiouracil, on the contrary, caused profound alterations in the morphology of thyroid follicles and in particular an increase in the height of the follicular epithelium. These changes were induced by a deficiency in thyroid hormones leading to an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release. This study shows that with rigorous methodology, histomorphometry is adaptable to the requirements of a simple and reproducible evaluation of substances capable of causing functional perturbations and their effects on the thyroid gland.
Asunto(s)
Propiltiouracilo/farmacología , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacos , Tiroxina/farmacología , Animales , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Ratas , Tinción con Nitrato de PlataRESUMEN
In the rat, topographic and X-ray studies of the caecum and ascending colon, together with microscopic anatomic observations of the ileal papilla and caecocolonic valve, showed that junction structures contribute to prevent the backflow of the caecal content into the ileum and to direct the ileal content within the caecum whatever the various positions of the caecum in the abdominal cavity.
Asunto(s)
Ciego/anatomía & histología , Colon/anatomía & histología , Íleon/anatomía & histología , Animales , Ciego/citología , Ciego/fisiología , Colon/fisiología , Válvula Ileocecal/anatomía & histología , Válvula Ileocecal/fisiología , Íleon/citología , Íleon/fisiología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
C cells in the rat thyroid were identified easily and clearly using an immunocytochemical technique. This identification allowed a precise study to be carried out on the quantitative variations of these cells with respect to age (between 10 and 60 weeks) and sex of the animals. No difference related to sex was seen. There was a net increase in the volume fraction of C cells (hyperplasia) with age.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Ratas/anatomía & histología , Glándula Tiroides/citología , Animales , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The anatomy of the accessory n. is defined in the light of 100 dissections with particular regard to the following aspects: its relations with the internal jugular v.; its participation in the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid m.; its location in relation to the anterior and posterior borders of that muscle and to the anterior border of the trapezius; and its branching and anastomoses in the supraclavicular fossa.
Asunto(s)
Nervio Accesorio/anatomía & histología , Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Venas Yugulares/anatomía & histología , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Músculos del Cuello/inervaciónAsunto(s)
Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Estradiol/farmacología , Estrenos/farmacología , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Acetato de Trembolona/farmacología , Uretra/efectos de los fármacos , Anabolizantes/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Valores de Referencia , Acetato de Trembolona/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Parts of the female urethra were examined topographically and microscopically in the female calf. The thickness and the straight course of the fibres of the musculus urethralis could best be analyzed in the ventromedian region of the urethra. Examination of the surface area and the distribution of the two primary metabolic fibre types showed that the urethral muscle is capable of contracting quickly with predominantly anaerobic metabolism. The different relationships between type I and type II fibres could be determined also in relation to the position of the lamina propria mucosae.