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Background: Glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are rare and mainly affect women between the 5th and 6th decades of life. Its localization and anatomic relationships make conventional surgical treatment difficult and with a considerable risk of complications. This manuscript aims to describe the results of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) in patients with GJT treated in a single center in Latin America, as well as to systematically review the literature to determine the clinical and radiological effectiveness of this technique. Methods: A search of information from January 1995 to June 2023 was performed. Twenty-two articles reporting 721 GJT patients treated with GKR were included in the study. Variables such as symptomatic control, control of tumor size, and complications were evaluated. These variables were described using measures of central tendency and proportions. For the institutional experience, 77 patients with GJT tumors were included in the study. Pre-treatment clinical variables and follow-up data were collected from medical charts and phone interviews. The Short Form-36 scale was applied to assess the quality of life. The data were analyzed using the statistical program STATA17.0. Results: A total of 721 patients were considered. The median of patients included in these studies was 18.5. The mean age was 58.4 years. The median of symptom control was 89%, and the median of imaging control was 95.7%. In our institution, 77 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 53.2 years. The median hospital stay was 4.92 hours. For the clinical follow-up, information on 47 patients was obtained. An improvement in pre-treatment symptoms was described in 58%, with general symptomatic control of 97%. The tumor-control rate was 95%, and there were statistically significant differences in six of the nine Short Form-36 scale domains. Conclusion: GKR is an effective, safe, and cost-effective technique that offers a high degree of symptomatic and tumor size control in patients with GJT.
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In this work, an Organic Rankine Cycle system is used to produce electricity from the waste heat of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The toluene, and cyclohexane, are the selected pure fluids to be compared with the zeotropic mixtures. The zeotropic mixtures used as working fluids are cyclohexane/R11 (0.2/0.8), cyclohexane/R11 (0.25/0.75), and cyclohexane/R11 (0.3/0.7). An energy, exergy and emergy analysis was conducted to assess the sustainability of the whole system and the viability of the zeotropic mixture from the environmental point of view. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was carried out. The results showed that the zeotropic mixtures have better performance compared with the selected pure fluids when the net power and the exergy efficiency are considered. The pure fluids had a better Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) index by 10% on average, there is not a big difference on this parameter so the advantages of using zeotropic mixtures as working fluids for this type of system cannot t be ignored. However, using the mixture the system obtained a lower Environmental load Ratio (ELR) value compared to cyclohexane and toluene. Finally, the multi-objective optimization was able to maximize the exergy efficiency for the working fluids by about 9.7% and reduce the ESI by 50.94%. This study intends to show the advantage and disadvantage of using zeotropic mixtures as working fluid on waste heat recovery systems that uses Organic Rankine cycle from the environmental point of view and using emergy as a way to asses the sustainability of the whole system.
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BACKGROUND: Doppler echocardiographic (echo) assessment of residual mitral regurgitation (MR) after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is challenging and often subjective. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of standardized quantitative echo methods for assessment of MR severity after MitraClip repair by comparing measurements against a reference MR severity obtained from patient-specific in silico models. METHODS: Post-procedure hemodynamics were simulated under five different MitraClip configurations in previously validated patient-specific in silico models for the treatment of functional MR. The residual regurgitant volume was calculated as in clinical practice using four quantitative virtual echo methods: pulsed Doppler, volumetric, proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and vena contracta area (VCA). Multiple permutations were performed for each method. Virtual echo MR results were evaluated against reference MR values directly extracted from the 5 patient-specific in silico models. RESULTS: The echo methods with the greatest accuracy were the three-dimensional (3D) volumetric method (r = 0.957, bias -0.8 ± 1.2 ml, p = 0.01), the 3D VCA method wherein velocity time integrals were evaluated for each jet assessed (r = 0.919, bias -1.5 ± 1.7 ml, p = 0.03), and the 3D PISA method integrating surface areas throughout systole (r = 0.98, bias -2.0 ± 0.9 ml, p = 0.003). The pulsed Doppler and 2D volumetric methods had technical limitations that may result in a high underestimation or overestimation of the MR severity after TEER. In the case of multiple regurgitant jets, a more accurate MR assessment was obtained when all significant jets were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, the 3D volumetric, 3D VCA and 3D PISA methods gave the most accurate MR quantification after TEER. Three-dimensional echo technologies harbor the potential of becoming the non-invasive imaging tool of choice for MR quantification after complex transcatheter mitral interventions.
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Ecocardiografía Tridimensional , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral , Simulación por Computador , Ecocardiografía Doppler en Color , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Background: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) is a technique that consists of the release of a high dose of ionizing radiation onto a therapeutic target, which has been previously delimited. This technique was described by Lars Leksell and Borje Larsson in 1951. In Colombia, there is only one GKR unit functioning machine nowadays. The objective of this study is to describe the institutional experience of a single institution with Gamma Knife Perfexion over 12 years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study. A total of 1906 medical records, taken from the period between May 4, 2010, and May 4, 2022, were included in the study. Descriptive analysis was performed through STATA 17 as statistic tool. Measures of central tendency were calculated depending on the distribution of the continuous data and proportions were taken into account in the case of qualitative variables. Results: A total of 1906 procedures were performed. Patients from 1 year to 99 years old were treated, with a median age of 51 years. The most frequent diagnoses were meningioma (20.8%), arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (17%), vestibular schwannoma (15.6%), metastases (9.81%), and trigeminal neuralgia (9.12%). At 3-year posttreatment, in meningiomas, tumor size stability was observed in 57.3%, size decrease in 36%, and disappearance in 1.3%. In AVM, complete obliteration of the lesion was described in 36.8% and a decrease in size in 52.6%. Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 5.2% during the follow-up period and 3.5% of all treated patients required a new procedure due to residual malformation. In vestibular schwannomas, tumor size remained stable in 62.2% and decreased in 28.8%. No new cases of facial paralysis after the procedure were described. At 1-year posttreatment, in metastasis, the size of the lesions remained stable in 40% of the patients, decreased in 47.5%, and disappeared in 2.5%. In trigeminal neuralgia, 88.4% of patients had pain relief and recurrences occurred in 16.6%. Acute complications were generally uncommon, the main ones being headache, pain at frame fixation points, and nausea. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that GKR is a noninvasive procedure with a broad spectrum of clinical applications, low frequency of complications, feasible, with good enough control size of tumor and vascular lesions in images, and good clinical results in the medium and long term.
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The objective of the article was to establish the prevalence, underdiagnosis, and risk factors of chronic bronchitis (CB) in a general population in five Colombian cities. Cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sampling technique in five Colombian cities was adopted. The CB definition was "cough and expectoration for three or more months per year for at least two consecutive years." Underdiagnosis was considered in subjects with clinical definition without previous medical diagnosis. Univariate χ2 or Student's t-test and logistic regression analysis were used. The study included 5539 subjects. The prevalence was 5.5%, the underdiagnosis 50.3%, and 33.7% of the cases were in nonsmokers (53.6% in women vs. 16.9% in men, p < 0.001). The adjusted risk factors were living in Bogota, current smoking, male, age ≥ 64 years, low education, indoor wood smoke exposure, and occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dust, and fumes. CB is a common disease among adults in Colombia. The underdiagnosis was high and there were a large proportion of cases in nonsmokers, particularly in women. Our findings support the association of CB with indoor wood smoke and occupational exposures.
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Contaminación del Aire Interior/estadística & datos numéricos , Bronquitis Crónica/epidemiología , No Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Bronquitis Crónica/complicaciones , Bronquitis Crónica/diagnóstico , Ciudades/epidemiología , Colombia/epidemiología , Tos/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Polvo , Escolaridad , Femenino , Gases , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Humo , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided central venous catheterization is intended to reduce complications, enhance success rates on the first attempt, and increase accuracy, thus becoming a standard in clinical practice. Objectives: To review the relevant literature on the importance of US as a guide to central venous access and to describe the benefits of this tool and the impact of its use on the safety of the procedure. Methods: A narrative review of various medical literature databases and recognized guidelines (National Guideline Clearinghouse, New Zealand Guidelines, National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Cochrane, and JAMA). Results: High-quality evidence recommends US-guided inter nal jugular vein access as the preferred approach in routine practice. However, different other anatomical sites may be necessary for vascular access depending on the clinical setting. Related complications associated with landmark-guided techni ques range between 0.3% and 18.8% and depend on multiple conditions such as patient characteristics and access site. US has been associated with a reduction in the relative risk of complica tions, failed attempts, and failed first attempt of 57%, 86%, and 41%, respectively. Conclusion: US should be used routinely in central vascular access. Current evidence supports this recommendation for the internal jugular vein approach, but no so for the other approaches, in cases of difficult or failed access using conventional approaches.
Resumen Introducción: El catéter guiado por ultrasonido busca impactar en la incidencia de complicaciones, aumentar las tasas de éxito en el primer intento, e incrementar la precisión; convirtiéndose en estándar en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Elaborar una revisión de la literatura más relevante sobre la importancia del ultrasonido (US) como guía para la canulación de accesos vasculares centrales y hacer una descripción sobre los beneficios de esta herramienta y cómo impacta en la seguridad del procedimiento Métodos: Revisión narrativa; se consultaron diferentes bases de datos, como National Guideline Clearinghouse, New Zeland Guidelines, Medline, NICE, Cochrane, JAMA. Resultados: El abordaje para un catéter venoso central que tiene suficiente evidencia para recomendar su uso rutinario guiado por US, es en vena yugular interna, pero no quiere decir que ésta deba prevalecer sobre situaciones en las cuales esté indicado un catéter venoso central por otra vía. Las complicaciones de las técnicas guiadas por referencias anatómicas oscilan entre 0,3% a 18,8%, por múltiples variables como la población de pacientes, sitio de inserción; se han impactado con el uso del US en reducción del riesgo relativo de complicaciones, intentos fallidos y fracaso primer intento en 57%, 86% y 41%, respectiva mente. Conclusión: El ultrasonido debe ser rutinario para obtener un acceso vascular central, la evidencia actual soporta esta reco mendación en vena yugular interna, no tanto así para los demás abordajes; en aquellos casos de canalización difícil o fallida por métodos convencionales, en cualquiera de las vías descritas hay que utilizar el ecógrafo como herramienta para garantizar el éxito.
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HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: COPD prevalence is highly variable and geographical altitude has been linked to it, yet with conflicting results. We aimed to investigate this association, considering well known risk factors. METHODS: A pooled analysis of individual data from the PREPOCOL-PLATINO-BOLD-EPI-SCAN studies was used to disentangle the population effect of geographical altitude on COPD prevalence. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal defined airflow limitation consistent with COPD. High altitude was defined as >1500 m above sea level. Undiagnosed COPD was considered when participants had airflow limitation but did not report a prior diagnosis of COPD. RESULTS: Among 30,874 participants aged 56.1 ± 11.3 years from 44 sites worldwide, 55.8% were women, 49.6% never-smokers, and 12.9% (3978 subjects) were residing above 1500 m. COPD prevalence was significantly lower in participants living at high altitude with a prevalence of 8.5% compared to 9.9%, respectively (p < 0.005). However, known risk factors were significantly less frequent at high altitude. Hence, in the adjusted multivariate analysis, altitude itself had no significant influence on COPD prevalence. Living at high altitude, however, was associated with a significantly increased risk of undiagnosed COPD. Furthermore, subjects with airflow limitation living at high altitude reported significantly less respiratory symptoms compared to subjects residing at lower altitude. CONCLUSION: Living at high altitude is not associated with a difference in COPD prevalence after accounting for individual risk factors. However, high altitude itself was associated with an increased risk of undiagnosed COPD.
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Altitud , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/fisiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Distribución Aleatoria , España/epidemiología , Espirometría/métodosRESUMEN
El ataque cerebrovascular recurrente (ACV) es una complicación rara del síndrome del opérculo torácico arterial. Presentamos un paciente de 24 años con isquemia del miembro superior derecho y ACV recurrente en territorio vertebro basilar secundario a estenosis y aneurisma de la arteria subclavia, causado por sinostosis de la primera y segunda costillas torácicas. El paciente fue tratado quirúrgicamente con costocondrectomía y escalenectomía bilateral, resección de aneurisma de la arteria subclavia derecha y anastomosis primaria. Se analizó el caso y se revisó la literatura pertinente sobre ACV y síndrome de opérculo torácico arterial.
Stroke is a rare complication of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome. We present a 24-year old man with right arm ischemia and recurrent vertebrobasilar stroke caused by synostosis of the first and second thoracic ribs. The patien was treated with supraclavicular resection of both first ribs and bilateral scalenectomy, aneurysmal resection and primary anastomosis of the right subclavian artery. We analize this case and review the pertinent literature on stroke and arterial thoracic outlet syndrome.
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Hospital readmissions are common and expensive, and there is little information on the problem in Colombia. The objective was to determine the frequency of 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions and associated factors. This was a retrospective analytical cohort study of 64,969 hospitalizations from January 2008 to January 2009 in 47 Colombian cities. 6,573 hospital readmissions, prevalence: 10.1% (men 10.9%, women 9.5%), 44.7% > 65 years of age. Hospital readmissions was associated with higher mortality (5.8% vs. 1.8%). There was an increase in the Hospital readmissions rate in patients with diseases of the circulatory system. Hospital readmissions was more likely in hematological diseases and neoplasms. Mean length of stay during the first readmission was 7 days in patients that were readmitted and 4.5 in those without readmission. Greater total cost of hospital readmissions (USA 21,998,275): 15.8% of the total cost of hospitalizations. Higher prevalence rates in referred patients (18.8%) and patients from the outpatient clinic (13.7%). Hospital readmissions is common and is associated with longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality and cost. Increased risk of hospital readmissions in men > 65 years, patients referred from other institutions, and in hematological diseases and neoplasms.
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Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Planes de Salud de Prepago/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/economía , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Readmisión del Paciente/economía , Planes de Salud de Prepago/economía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Resumen: Los reingresos hospitalarios son frecuentes y costosos, en Colombia existe poca información. El objetivo fue establecer la frecuencia de reingresos hospitalarios por cualquier causa a 30 días y factores asociados. Se trata de un estudio analítico con cohorte retrospectiva 64.969 hospitalizaciones entre enero de 2008 y enero de 2009 en 47 ciudades colombianas 6.573 reingresos hospitalarios, prevalencia: 10,1% (hombres 10,9%; mujeres 9,5%), 44,7% en > 65 años. Mortalidad mayor en reingresos hospitalarios (5,8% vs. 1,8%). Mayor carga de reingresos hospitalarios en grupo sistema circulatorio. Mayor probabilidad de reingresos hospitalarios en enfermedades hematológicas y neoplasias. Estancia hospitalaria promedio durante el primer ingreso: 7 días en pacientes que reingresaron y 4,5 en quienes no. Costo total mayor para reingresos hospitalarios (USD 21.998.275): 15,8% del costo total de hospitalizaciones. Mayor prevalencia en pacientes remitidos (18,8%) y de consulta externa (13,7%). Los reingresos hospitalarios son frecuentes, se asocian con mayor estancia, mortalidad y costo. Mayor riesgo de reingresos hospitalarios en sexo masculino, > 65 años, pacientes remitidos de otra institución, enfermedades hematológicas y neoplasias.
Abstract: Hospital readmissions are common and expensive, and there is little information on the problem in Colombia. The objective was to determine the frequency of 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions and associated factors. This was a retrospective analytical cohort study of 64,969 hospitalizations from January 2008 to January 2009 in 47 Colombian cities. 6,573 hospital readmissions, prevalence: 10.1% (men 10.9%, women 9.5%), 44.7% > 65 years of age. Hospital readmissions was associated with higher mortality (5.8% vs. 1.8%). There was an increase in the Hospital readmissions rate in patients with diseases of the circulatory system. Hospital readmissions was more likely in hematological diseases and neoplasms. Mean length of stay during the first readmission was 7 days in patients that were readmitted and 4.5 in those without readmission. Greater total cost of hospital readmissions (USA 21,998,275): 15.8% of the total cost of hospitalizations. Higher prevalence rates in referred patients (18.8%) and patients from the outpatient clinic (13.7%). Hospital readmissions is common and is associated with longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality and cost. Increased risk of hospital readmissions in men > 65 years, patients referred from other institutions, and in hematological diseases and neoplasms.
Resumo: Readmissões hospitalares são comuns e caras; na Colômbia há pouca informação. O objetivo foi determinar a frequência de readmissões hospitalares por qualquer causa aos 30 dias e fatores associados. Estudo analítico, coorte retrospectivo 64.969 hospitalizações entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2009 em 47 cidades colombianas. Seis mil quinhentos e setenta e três readmissões hospitalares, prevalência: 10,1% (homens 10,9%, mulheres 9,5%), 44,7% com > 65 anos. Maior mortalidade em readmissões hospitalares (5,8% vs. 1,8%). Aumento do número de readmissões hospitalares no grupo de sistema circulatório. Maior probabilidade de readmissões hospitalares em doenças hematológicas e neoplasias. Tempo médio de internação, durante a primeira readmissão: 7 dias em pacientes que foram readmitidos e 4,5 naqueles sem readmissão. Maior custo total de readmissões hospitalares (USD 21.998.275): 15,8% do custo total das internações. Maiores prevalências em pacientes encaminhados (18,8%) e pacientes do ambulatório (13,7%). Readmissões hospitalares são comuns, estão associadas com o maior tempo de hospitalização, mortalidade e custo. Aumento do risco de readmissões hospitalares em homens com > 65 anos, pacientes encaminhados de outras instituições, doenças hematológicas e neoplasias.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Planes de Salud de Prepago/estadística & datos numéricos , Readmisión del Paciente/economía , Factores de Tiempo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/economía , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Planes de Salud de Prepago/economía , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Distribución por Sexo , Colombia , Distribución por Edad , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
La aparición en este año de siete estudios que demuestran la superioridad de la terapia endovascular (TEV)sobre el tratamiento convencional de la trombólisis IV con t-PA en las primeras 4,5 horas posteriores al iniciodel ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico agudo en pacientes con una obstrucción arterial proximal, estableceun reto terapéutico para los neurólogos colombianos por el costo social que ocasiona la enfermedad y por lasfalencias que presenta nuestro sistema de salud para la atención óptima al respecto.Esta revisión crítica de los estudio MR Clean, Escape, Extend IA, Swift Prime, Revascat, Thrace y Therapy,así como de las guías 2015 de la American Heart Association (AHA), analizan la factibilidad e implementaciónde esta información en Colombia.La administración rápida de la terapia intravenosa con t-PA en estos estudios fortalece su implementaciónen el país e invita a generar protocolos que incluyan imágenes diagnósticas no invasivas como la angiografíacerebral por escanografía cerebral (CTA) o por resonancia magnética (MRA) que seleccionen a los pacientescon obstrucción proximal para brindarles lo más rápido posible el recurso de una TEV a través de una redhospitalaria del ACV.Los principales retos establecidos son los de allanar las diferencias entre el sector público y privado en la atenciónde pacientes con ACV isquémico agudo, dotar hospitales públicos con la tecnología y el talento humanoque la TEV exige, e integrar una red nacional del ACV.
During the last few months, seven pivotal papers have been published in renowned medical journals that have demonstrated the superiority of endovascular therapy added to intravenous tPA in patients with acute ischemic stroke and proximal vessel occlusion. This evidence poses a therapeutic challenge for Colombian neurologists and their patients, given the already suboptimal care for acute stroke patients in Colombia. This critical review comprises the studies MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT PRIME, REVASCAT, THRACE and THERAPY. Also, the current 2015 AHA/ASA guidelines on endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke were included. Their results reinforce the need to provide IV tPA to all eligible patients while, at the same time, adding diagnostic tools such as CTA (CT angiography) and/or MRA (MR angiography) to present hyperacute treatment protocols in order to confirm or rule out the presence of proximal vessel occlusion. The main challenges ahead lie in closing the existent gaps in stroke care between public and private hospitals, providing public hospitals with modern technologies and trained medical personnel as required for the optimal performance of neuroendovascular therapy, all of them comprised within a national stroke network.
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Humanos , Trombolisis Mecánica , Organizaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Trombectomía , Terapia TrombolíticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: There are differences in the prevalence and risk factors of asthma around the world. The epidemiological situation of adults 40 years and older is not well established. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, underdiagnosis and risk factors of asthma and wheezing in adults in Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study including 5539 subjects from 40 to 93 years selected by a probabilistic sampling technique in five cities was conducted. MEASUREMENTS: respiratory symptoms and risk factors questionnaire and spirometry. DEFINITIONS: (a) Wheezing: Affirmative answer to the question "have you ever had two or more attacks of "wheezes" causing you to feel short of breath?" (b) Asthma: Wheezing definition and FEV1/FVC post-bronchodilator ≥ 70%. (c) Underdiagnosis: Asthma definition without a physician-diagnosis. Logistic regression was used for exploring risk factors. RESULTS: Prevalence of asthma was 9.0% (95% CI: 8.3-9.8) and wheezing 11.9% (95% CI: 11.0-12.8). Asthma underdiagnosis was 69.9% and increased to 79.0% in subjects 64 years or older. The risk factors related to asthma and/or wheezing were: living in Bogota or Medellin, female gender, first degree relative with asthma, respiratory disease before 16 years of age, obesity, no education, indoor wood smoke exposure and occupational exposure to dust particles, gases or fumes. CONCLUSION: We described the epidemiologic situation of asthma in adults 40 years and older in Colombia. In addition to some recognized risk factors, our data supports the association of indoor wood smoke and occupational exposures with asthma and wheezing. Underdiagnosis of asthma in adults was high, particularly in older subjects.
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Asma/epidemiología , Ruidos Respiratorios , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Contaminación del Aire Interior , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/fisiopatología , Colombia/epidemiología , Culinaria , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Humo , Fumar/epidemiología , MaderaRESUMEN
La Lumbalgia es una causa frecuente de discapacidad y de limitación funcional en nuestra sociedad, con un costo financiero, social y laboral muy alto. Es un problema común que afecta a ambos sexos y la mayoría de las edades, para las que aproximadamente uno de cada cuatro adultos busca atención al cabo de seis meses. En los EE.UU., para las personas de 45 años o menos, el dolor lumbar es la causa más frecuente de limitación de actividad. Hay diferentes causas de lumbalgia siendo la enfermedad degenerativa lumbar la causa más común. Dentro de la causas menos frecuente de lumbalgia, se encuentra las asociadas quistes perineurales, llamados también quistes de Tarlov. La gran mayoría de los quistes de Tarlov son asintomáticos, su ubicación más frecuente es la región sacra. Algunos de ellos se tornan sintomáticos y requieren tratamiento. Se han descrito varias formas de manejo entre las cuales se encuentra la resección quirúrgica, la punción percutánea del quiste y las derivaciones quiste peritoneal o Lumboperitoneal. Hasta el momento, no hay consenso sobre cuál es la mejor forma de tratar éstas lesiones. En este artículo pretendemos mostrar una serie de 3 casos donde los pacientes fueron tratados con derivación lumboperitoneal con mejoría clínica completa. Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura acerca del tratamiento de esta patología que es poco frecuente.
Lumbar pain is one of the causes of incapacity and limitation in our society. There are different causes of lumbar pain, having the degenerative cause being the most frequently found. Perineural cysts are a rare cause of incapacitating lumbar pain and the majority of these cysts are asymptomatic. There is a little information about the treatment of symptomatic perineural cysts. There has been described different treatment options which varies from surgical excision, cyst drainage and lumbar o cyst shunt to the peritoneal cavity. Till this moment there is no consensus on the optimal treatment of these lesions. In this article we want to show a small case series of 3 cases where these patients were treated with lumbo-peritoneal Shunt. This entire patient showed clinical improvement after the treatment. We will also review the literature regarding these rare lesions.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/cirugía , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Quistes de Tarlov/cirugía , Quistes de Tarlov/complicaciones , Derivaciones del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo , Túneles de DerivaciónRESUMEN
La trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales (TSVC) es una patología poco común del sistema nervioso central, con una mortalidad cercana al 9%. El manejo de esta enfermedad es usualmente médico. Algunos eventos de TSVC pueden tomar un curso maligno en los casos donde la presión intracraneana aumenta excesivamente. Este aumento de la pre¬sión intracraneana puede deberse a edema del tejido cerebral por el impedimento del retorno venoso y en ocasiones se asocia a hemorragia intracerebral. Se ha visto una evolución favorable cuando se realizan diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. Se han descrito varias técnicas de manejo endovascular que han ayudado a mejorar el flujo venoso en esta patología; sin embargo, hasta el momento sólo son pequeñas series de casos, sin evidencia suficiente para recomendarla de rutina. La mayoría de los médicos no tienen muy claro el papel con el cual interviene el neurocirujano en el manejo de la TSVC. Hay diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos que se deben tener en cuenta, entre los cuales se encuentra la craniectomía descompresiva, cuando existe hipertensión endocraneana severa o maligna, siendo ésta la única opción terapéutica para reducir la morbimortalidad.
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Humanos , Neurología , Sistema Nervioso Central , TrombosisRESUMEN
Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes al ingreso a un programa de manejo integral de la EPOC en Bogotá. Material y método: estudio de corte transversal. Evaluamos 756 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de EPOC. Se confirmaron 408 por espirometría (54 por ciento), de los cuales se excluyeron 57. Se describen las características demográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas de 351 pacientes y su asociación con el grado de severidad de la obstrucción. Análisis estadístico: Se presentan las frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se utilizó el coeficiente paramétrico de Pearson o el coeficiente no-paramétrico de Spearman según normalidad, a un nivel de significancia del 1 por ciento (p<0.01). Resultados: La EPOC, definida por una relación VEF1/CVF < 70 por ciento, post-broncodilatador, se confirmó en el 54 por ciento de los pacientes. La edad promedio fue 72,8±9 años, 61 por ciento hombres, fumadores activos 9,1 por ciento, expuestos a humo de leña 33,3 por ciento. El 68,6 por ciento no utiliza correctamente los inhaladores. El VEF1 promedio fue 1.285±517 litros. El 68,1 por ciento y 46,4 por ciento no se habían vacunado contra neumococo e influenza respectivamente. Se encontró correlación directa y significativa entre VEF1 (por ciento) con saturación, PaO2 e índice de masa corporal; e inversa con PCO2, hematocrito e índice de disnea; no se encontró correlación con la escala de calidad de vida (S. George) y test de marcha en 6 minutos. Conclusiones: El 54 por ciento de los pacientes remitidos están adecuadamente diagnosticados. Hay baja cobertura en vacunación contra neumococo e influenza, la mayoría utilizan en forma incorrecta los inhaladores. Resaltamos la importancia de utilizar la espirometría como herramienta básica en el diagnóstico de EPOC, al igual que programas educativos que impacten en el manejo de la EPOC. (Nota el enlace a Internet opera para todo el fasciculo 1/2008).
Asunto(s)
Estudios Transversales , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Espirometría , ColombiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of COPD in Colombia is unknown. This study aimed to investigate COPD prevalence in five Colombian cities and measure the association between COPD and altitude. METHODS: A cross-sectional design and a random, multistage, cluster-sampling strategy were used to provide representative samples of adults aged >or= 40 years. Each participant was interviewed (validated Spanish version of the Ferris Respiratory Questionnaire) and performed spirometry before and after 200 microg of inhaled salbutamol, using a portable spirometer according to American Thoracic Society recommendations. COPD definitions were as follows: (1) spirometric: fixed ratio (primary definition): FEV1/FVC < 70% after bronchodilator; (2) medical: a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or COPD made by a physician; (3) clinical: cough and phlegm >or= 3 months every year during >or= 2 consecutive years (chronic bronchitis). Analysis was performed using statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 5,539 orsubjects were included. The overall COPD prevalence using the primary definition (spirometric) was 8.9%, ranging from 6.2% in Barranquilla to 13.5% in Medellín. The prevalence measured by the spirometric definition was higher than medical (2.8%) and clinical (3.2%) definitions. After the logistic regression analysis, the factors related with COPD were age >or= 60 years, male gender, history of tuberculosis, smoking, wood smoke exposure >or= 10 years, and very low education level. There was a nonsignificant tendency toward larger prevalence with higher altitude. CONCLUSION: COPD is an important health burden in Colombia. Additional studies are needed to establish the real influence of altitude on COPD prevalence.
Asunto(s)
Altitud , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/epidemiología , Espirometría , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Este artículo es una reflexión metodológica experimental sobre la utilización de la imagen médica como documento importante para la construcción de la historia de la medicina. Un método basado en directrices o temáticas de análisis que incluyen diferentes 'miradas' al documento. Desde las teorías estéticas, técnicas, sociales, políticas, hasta llegar a la reflexión médico-histórica. Además se incluyen algunos ejercicios que enriquecen la propuesta al lector: redescubrir los mundos sociales que esconden estos archivos fotográficos médicos para tener accesos teóricos nuevos a lo que es el montaje histórico de la ciencia médica.
This article is an experimental methodological reflection on the use of medical images as useful documents for constructing the history of medicine. A method is used that is based on guidelines or analysis topics that include different ways of viewing documents, from aesthetic, technical, social and political theories to historical and medical thinking. Some exercises are also included that enhance the proposal for the reader: rediscovering the worlds in society that harbor these medical photographical archives to obtain a new theoretical approach to the construction of the history of medical science.
Asunto(s)
Archivos , Historia de la Medicina , Fotograbar , ChileRESUMEN
This article is an experimental methodological reflection on the use of medical images as useful documents for constructing the history of medicine. A method is used that is based on guidelines or analysis topics that include different ways of viewing documents, from aesthetic, technical, social and political theories to historical and medical thinking. Some exercises are also included that enhance the proposal for the reader: rediscovering the worlds in society that harbor these medical photographical archives to obtain a new theoretical approach to the construction of the history of medical science.
Asunto(s)
Documentación/historia , Museos , Fotograbar/historia , Chile , Documentación/métodos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Prisioneros/historia , Clase SocialRESUMEN
We compared the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin for the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) using a prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel-group clinical trial design. A total of 563 patients with AECB were enrolled (437 efficacy-valid) at 34 centers in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Patients were randomized to oral therapy with either moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 5 days or levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 7 days. Clinical success was achieved in 201 out of 221 (91.0%) patients in the moxifloxacin group, and in 203 out of 216 (94.0%) in the levofloxacin group, indicating that moxifloxacin is equivalently effective to levofloxacin. Bacteriologic eradication or presumed eradication was also similar in the two treatment groups: 92.8% in the moxifloxacin group and 93.8% in the levofloxacin group. Nausea was the most common drug-related adverse event in each treatment group. The rate of discontinuation because of adverse events was very low (2%). In conclusion, a 5-day course of moxifloxacin is clinically and bacteriologically equivalent to a 7-day course of levofloxacin in the treatment of patients with AECB. The short treatment duration with moxifloxacin may have compliance advantages over other currently used therapies in the 'real-life' clinical setting.