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Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of subconjunctival application of a novel sirolimus liposomal formulation for the treatment of dry eye. Methods: A randomized, triple-blind, Phase II clinical trial. Thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients were included. Nine patients (18 eyes) assigned to the sham group (Sham) and 10 patients (20 eyes) to sirolimus-loaded liposomes group (Sirolimus). The treatment group received three doses of subconjunctival liposome-encapsulated sirolimus and the sham group received three doses of liposomal suspension without sirolimus. Subjective (Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI) and measured (corrected distance visual acuity, conjunctival hyperemia, tear osmolarity, Schirmer's test, corneal/conjunctival staining and matrix metalloproteinase-9) variables were measured. Results: Sirolimus-entrapped liposomes-treated group OSDI scores changed from 62.19 (± 6.07) to 37.8 (± 17.81) (p=0.0024), and conjunctival hyperemia from 2.0 (± 0.68) to 0.83 (± 0.61) (p<0.0001); Sham group with OSDI scores from 60.02 (± 14.2) to 36.02 (± 20.70) (p=0.01), and conjunctival hyperemia from 1.33 (± 0.68) to 0.94 (± 0.87) (p=0.048). All the other evaluated outcomes only showed significant differences in the sirolimus group: corneal/conjunctival staining score (p=0.0015), lipid layer interferometry (p=0.006), and inferior meibomian gland dropout (p=0.038). No local or systemic adverse effects regarding the medication itself were reported, and the administration route was well accepted. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sub-conjunctival sirolimus-loaded liposomes are effective in reducing both signs and symptoms of dry eye in patients with poorly controlled moderate-to-severe DED, while avoiding other topical administration adverse effects. Further investigation with a larger sample size is required to determine long-term effects.
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AIM: To document atypical presenting forms of ocular sarcoidosis at the corneal level. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 63-year-old woman presented multiple uncommon unilateral primary corneal conditions as manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis, including peripheral ulcerative keratitis, sterile corneal infiltrate (corneal granuloma), and sterile infiltrates related to a corneal foreign body, requiring medical and surgical management to control the inflammatory symptoms and to preserve the integrity of the eyeball. An excisional biopsy of a nodule in the temporal conjunctiva was performed under topical anesthesia. Histological analysis revealed a non-caseating granuloma, confirming the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION: When thinking of ocular involvement in patients with ocular sarcoidosis, it is essential to remember that manifestations such as peripheral ulcerative keratitis, sterile corneal infiltrate, and sterile foreign body-related infiltrates may be presentations of this disease.
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Enfermedades de la Córnea , Úlcera de la Córnea , Sarcoidosis , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Sarcoidosis/complicaciones , Sarcoidosis/diagnóstico , Córnea , Enfermedades de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/etiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To analyze some of the bioethical dilemmas that may arise during the process required for corneal transplantation. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review based on the available literature and the experience of cornea specialists from 3 different countries. RESULTS: Bioethical dilemmas related to informed consent for organ and tissue donation, allocation of corneal tissues, transplant tourism, corneal tissue exportation and importation, and for-profit eye banking were analyzed and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Around the world, the number of required corneal transplants exceeds the number of donated corneas that are available and suitable for transplantation. This shortage of corneal tissue has led to the emergence of practices that may put the 4 basic principles of bioethics at risk: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Therefore, it has been necessary to create ethical guidelines such as the Barcelona Principles and the World Health Organization Principles of Transplantation that attempt to regulate these practices.
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Bioética , Trasplante de Córnea/ética , Consentimiento Informado/ética , Donantes de Tejidos/ética , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/ética , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous, ocular, and central nervous system anomalies; its molecular etiology was recently identified. This report describes the surgical treatment and genetic characterization of a giant ocular lipodermoid cyst secondary to encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis. CASE REPORT An 11-year-old girl with past medical history of absence seizures presented with a reddish protruding mass in her right eye involving the temporal conjunctiva and the peripheral temporal cornea; eyelid closure was not possible due to mass protrusion. She also presented skin tags at the level of the external canthus and 3 alopecic areas at the level of the scalp compatible with nevus psiloliparus. No family history was reported. A dermoid cyst was suspected and excisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia. A large conjunctival and lamellar corneoscleral resection was done, followed by a corneal tectonic graft. Molecular analysis was carried out, including PCR and Sanger sequencing on DNA obtained from the mass. After surgery, the patient achieved complete eyelid closure, reduction of ocular surface symptoms, and improved aesthetic appearance. Histological analysis confirmed a lipodermoid cyst; genetic tests confirmed a mosaic activating mutation in FGFR1 (c.1638C>A, p.Asn546Lys). The diagnosis was encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis. CONCLUSIONS ECCL is a rare condition; an accurate diagnosis comprising clinical and genetic aspects can facilitate the monitoring of possible complications, improve the multidisciplinary treatment, and provide valuable information for future therapy developments. In this case, the patient's quality of life improved significantly, ocular symptoms disappeared, and a good esthetic appearance was achieved.
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Quiste Dermoide/genética , Quiste Dermoide/cirugía , Oftalmopatías/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatías/genética , Neoplasias del Ojo/genética , Neoplasias del Ojo/cirugía , Lipomatosis/diagnóstico , Lipomatosis/genética , Síndromes Neurocutáneos/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neurocutáneos/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Biopsia , Niño , Trasplante de Córnea , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Quiste Dermoide/etiología , Oftalmopatías/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Ojo/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lipomatosis/complicaciones , Síndromes Neurocutáneos/complicaciones , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Convulsiones/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Queratocono , Lentes Intraoculares , Errores de Refracción , Humanos , Derivación y Consulta , Pruebas de VisiónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To characterize cornea specialists' current practice preferences in the management of primary pterygium. METHODS: A 25-item survey regarding indications for surgery, surgical technique, use of adjuvant therapy, type and duration of postoperative therapy, and treatment of early recurrences was designed and sent to members of the Cornea Society through the kera-net listserv. RESULTS: In total, 199 cornea specialists completed the questionnaire. More than 90% considered that surgery should be performed when there is proximity of the pterygium to the visual axis, pain or redness, eye movement restriction, or induction of astigmatism. Cosmesis was considered as an indication by 41.7% of the participants. The most frequent technique for pterygium excision was complete resection including the base and a moderate quantity of Tenon capsule followed by autologous conjunctival or limbal-conjunctival graft. The preferred graft fixation method in this survey was fibrin glue (61.2%). Most respondents reported a recurrence rate of less than 5% and no use of adjuvant agents to prevent recurrence. When early recurrence did occur, the preferred agents were corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: This study reflects the preferences of cornea experts regarding primary pterygium treatment and may serve as a guide for the management of this pathology.
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Córnea/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/normas , Oftalmólogos/normas , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Pterigion/cirugía , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pterigion/diagnóstico , Recurrencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a novel clinical presentation of corneal biofilms, consisting of formation of superficial and recurrent corneal plaques. METHODS: Interventional case report. A 9-year-old boy presented with subepithelial, whitish, avascular, and recurrent corneal plaques without any clinical manifestations of active corneal inflammation and/or infection. He had a history of minor ocular trauma; otherwise, his medical history was unremarkable. RESULTS: An excisional biopsy was performed under topical anesthesia. Histological analysis identified these plaques as clusters of gram-negative bacilli surrounded by an extracellular matrix. Samples were further evaluated with special stains (calcofluor white, Flamingo fluorescent dye, propidium iodide, and Gomori-Grocott) that demonstrated biofilm structures. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal plaques are a very rare clinical presentation of corneal biofilms that allow prolonged survival of microorganisms even in the absence of prosthetic material and clinical signs or symptoms of corneal active inflammation and/or infection.
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Biopelículas , Enfermedades de la Córnea/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Lesiones Oculares/complicaciones , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The implantable collamer lens (ICL) is a widely used posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens that achieves excellent refractive results. Nonetheless, serious postoperative complications related to inadequate vault have been previously reported. Therefore, lens exchange is advised when the vault is out of the recommended ranges. This article presents a case with persistent low vault after lens exchange in which no clinical evidence of crystalline lens opacity or decrease in uncorrected distance visual acuity has been identified during the 6-year clinical follow-up performed to date. Therefore, this suggests that clinical follow-up could be an appropriate approach for patients presenting with low vault, especially those who are older than 40 years and have a history of lens exchange.
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Cápsula Anterior del Cristalino/patología , Enfermedades del Cristalino/etiología , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Lentes Intraoculares Fáquicas/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Adulto , Cápsula Anterior del Cristalino/diagnóstico por imagen , Paquimetría Corneal , Topografía de la Córnea , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ , Láseres de Excímeros/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Cristalino/diagnóstico por imagen , Miopía/cirugía , Reoperación , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: La Iridociclitis Heterocrómica de Fuchs (IHF) es la causa del 2 a 7% de las uveítis anteriores, el astigmatismo corneal como condición de la IHF y como posible causa de la disminución de la visión, ha sido una entidad muy poco estudiada hasta el momento, tiene una gran importancia debido a que por la anisometropía que podría generar, puede llevar a alteraciones de la agudeza visual. Objetivo: Evaluar la existencia de astigmatismo corneal y/o aberraciones corneales inherentes a los ojos con Iridociclitis Heterocrómica de Fuchs. Diseño del estudio: Estudio transversal, analítico, de fuentes primarias. Método: Se realizó muestreo por conveniencia, en el cual se incluyeron 44 ojos de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de IHF unilateral o bilateral. Para cada caso, se realizó tomografía corneal (Pentacam® AXL - OCULUS) y aberrometria (OPD-Scan III® - NIDEK) y se compararon ojos enfermos con los ojos sanos. Resultados: Se encontró una mediana de 1.35 (RIC: 0.50 1.70) para el astigmatismo de la cara anterior de los ojos enfermos .vs. 0.8 (RIC: 0.7 1.1) para el astigmatismo de la cara anterior de los ojos sanos (p= 0.135). Se identificó un astigmatismo en cara anterior >1.00 D en el 61.5% de los ojos enfermos .vs. 27.8% de los ojos sanos (p= 0.027) con un RR de 2.15. No se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los ojos enfermos y los ojos sanos para las aberraciones analizadas. Conclusión: El presente estudio no demuestra la existencia de astigmatismo o aberraciones inherentes a la IHF, pero evidencia una tendencia de mayor astigmatismo en los ojos con IHF, que posiblemente podría lograr significancia estadística con una muestra mayor.
Background: Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) represents 2 to 7% of cases of anterior uveitis. To date, few studies have addressed corneal astigmatism as an inherent condition and as possible cause of decreased visual acuity in FHI patients. This may be relevant since the generated anisometropia may lead to alterations in visual acuity. Objective: To evaluate the presence of corneal astigmatism and/or corneal aberrations in patients with FHI. Study design: Analytic cross sectional study. Method: A convenient sampling was performed. The sample included 44 eyes of 22 patients with unilateral or bilateral FHI. All participants were studied by corneal tomography (Pentacam® AXL OCULUS) and aberrometry (OPDScan III® - NIDEK); measurements of diseased and healthy eyes were compared. Results: Twenty-two patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 46.9 +/- 12 years, and 40.9% were men. FHI eyes exhibited a median astigmatism of the anterior surface of 1.35D (IQR: 0.50 1.70), compared to 0.8D (IQR: 0.7 1.1) observed in healthy eyes (p= 0.135). Anterior surface astigmatism >1.00 diopters (D) was found in 61.5% of diseased eyes compared to 27.8% of healthy eyes, with a risk ratio of 2.15. Regarding corneal aberrations, no statistically significant differences were identified between diseased and healthy eyes for the analyzed aberrations. Conclusion: While our current data does not show statistically signifi cant differences between groups that support that corneal astigmatism or aberrations are inherent to FHI-aff ected eyes, our study does show a trend that suggests increased presence of clinically relevant astigmatism in eyes with FHI. Statistical significance may be achieved with a larger sample size.
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Iridociclitis , Astigmatismo , Enfermedades de la Córnea/epidemiología , Aberración de Frente de Onda CornealRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe severe bilateral iris depigmentation and persistent ocular hypotony as end-stage manifestations of untreated Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. METHODS: We present the clinical findings and diagnostic studies performed for three patients with bilateral iris depigmentation. RESULTS: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in late recurrent stage was diagnosed in three patients with bilateral severe iris depigmentation and persistent ocular hypotony. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment of inflammation are crucial factors in the clinical outcome of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. When left undiagnosed and untreated from early stages, severe iris depigmentation and ocular hypotony, uncommon manifestations of this disease, can develop.
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Hipopigmentación/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Iris/diagnóstico , Hipotensión Ocular/diagnóstico , Epitelio Pigmentado Ocular/patología , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálico/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Atrofia , Femenino , Humanos , Iris/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lámpara de Hendidura , Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y los síntomas en el postoperatorio de la resección de pterigion nasal primario con autoinjerto limbo-conjuntival sin suturas. Diseño del estudio: Estudio prospectivo e intervencional. Métodos: Se incluyeron 58 ojos de 58 pacientes con pterigion nasal primario que fueron llevados a resección con autoinjerto limbo-conjuntival; la fi jación del autoinjerto se realizó con cauterio en 29 pacientes y con sutura en 29 pacientes. Se realizó un seguimiento periódico de los casos por 24 meses y variables como el tiempo quirúrgico, el discomfort en el postoperatorio, el edema de la plastia, la inflamación ocular y las complicaciones fueron evaluadas y comparadas entre los subgrupos. Resultados: El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 16 minutos para el grupo de fijación con cauterio y de 40 minutos en el grupo de fijación con suturas. El discomfort postoperatorio durante los primeros 15 días fue menor en el grupo de fijación con cauterio (p<0.001). No hubo diferencias entre los subgrupos en la tasa de recurrencia, pero el grupo de fijación con cauterio presentó una tasa mayor de dehiscencia de los bordes de la plastia (p<0.001) y del descenso conjuntival (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La resección del pterigion nasal primario con autoinjerto limbo-conjuntival fijado con cauterio es una técnica prometedora que lleva a un menor discomfort postoperatorio que la técnica convencional con suturas, tiene una baja tasa de recurrencias y requiere de un menor tiempo quirúrgico.
Objective: To evaluate the eff ectiveness and postoperative symptomatology of sutureless limbal-conjunctival autograft for pterygium surgery. Study design: Prospective and interventional study. Methods: 58 eyes of 58 patients with primary nasal pterygium that underwent pterygium resection with limbal-conjunctival autograft were included. Graft fi xation was done with cautery in 29 patients and with sutures in 29 patients. The patients were followed with periodic evaluations during 24 months. Surgical time, postoperative discomfort, graft edema, ocular inflammation, and complications were evaluated and compared between groups. Results: The average surgical time was 16 minutes for the cautery group and 40 minutes for the suture group. Postoperative discomfort during the first 15 days was statistically significant lesser for the cautery group (p<0.001). There was no difference in recurrence rate among groups; however, the cautery-fi xation group presented a significantly greater incidence of graft´s edges dehiscence (p<0.001), and superior conjunctiva dehiscence (p<0.001). Conclusions: Primary nasal pterygium resection with cautery-fi xated limbal-conjunctival autograft is a promising technique that causes less postoperative discomfort than conventional sutures, has a low recurrence rate and requires less surgical time.
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Pterigion , Conjuntiva , Oftalmopatías , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos OftalmológicosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de líquido subretiniano luego de cirugía exitosa de agujero macular y su impacto sobre la agudeza visual final. Diseño del estudio: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Métodos: Se analizaron 32 ojos de 32 pacientes con diagnóstico de agujero macular tratado con vitrectomía más pelaje de la membrana limitante interna; se calculó la incidencia de líquido subretiniano según los hallazgos de la tomografía de coherencia óptica del postoperatorio y se realizó comparación de variables entre los subgrupos con y sin presencia de líquido. Resultados: Se obtuvo una incidencia de líquido subretiniano de 15.6%, sin evidenciarse una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los subgrupos con y sin líquido para las variables de edad, género, estado del cristalino, diámetro del agujero, posición postquirúrgica, agudeza visual mejor corregida prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica a los a los 3 y a los 6 meses. Se identificó menor cronicidad en los agujeros con presencia de líquido subretiniano que en aquellos que no lo presentaban. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, apoyan la teoría que sugiere que la presencia de líquido subretiniano no influye sobre la agudeza visual final alcanzada luego de vitrectomía más pelaje de la membrana limitante interna para el tratamiento de agujero macular. Además, se documentó una incidencia de líquido subretiniano inferior a la reportada previamente en la literatura, lo cual podría estar relacionado con la técnica quirúrgica utilizada.
Objective: To determine subretinal fluid incidence after successful macular hole surgery and its impact on visual recovery. Study design: Retrospective and descriptive study. Methods: 32 eyes of 32 patients with macular hole that were managed with vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling were analyzed. Subretinal fluid incidence was calculated according to postoperative optical coherence tomography findings and subgroups with and without subretinal fluid were compared. Results: We found a subretinal fluid incidence of 15.6%, with no statistically significant differences between subgroups for age, sex, lens status, hole diameter, postsurgical position, presurgical and postsurgical best corrected visual acuity at 3 and 6 months. The holes with subretinal fl uid were less chronic compared with the holes without fluid. Conclusions: This study supports the theory that proposes no influence of subretinal fluid in the visual recovery after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole treatment. Additionally, the subretinal fluid incidence reported here is the lowest in literature; this could be explained by the surgical technique used.