RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early onset facial paralysis is usually managed with cross-face nerve grafts, however the low number of axons that reach the target muscle may result in weakness or failure. Multiple-source innervation, or 'supercharging', seeks to combine the advantages of different donor nerves while minimizing their weaknesses. We propose a combination of cross-face nerve grafts with local extra-facial nerve transfers to achieve earlier facial reanimation in our patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort including all patients with early unilateral facial palsy (<12 months evolution) who underwent triple nerve transfer between 2019 and 2021 was conducted. We performed single-stage procedure including zygomatic-to-zygomatic and buccal-to-buccal cross-face grafts, a nerve-to-masseter to bucozygomatic trunk transfer, and a mini-hypoglossal to marginal branch transfer. Results were evaluated using the clinician-graded facial function scale (eFACE). RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included (eight females, seven males), mean age at the time of surgery was 48.9 ± 13.3 years. Palsy was right-sided in eight cases. The mean time from palsy onset to surgery was 5.5 ± 2.8 months. Patients showed improvement in static (70.8 ± 21.9 vs. 84.15 ± 6.68, p = 0.002) and dynamic scores (20 ± 16.32 vs. 74.23 ± 7.46, p < 0.001), as well as periocular (57.33 ± 15.23 vs. 74 ± 7.18, p = 0.007), smile (54.73 ± 11.93 vs. 85.62 ± 3.86, p < 0.001), mid-face (46.33 ± 18.04 vs. 95 ± 7.21, p < 0.001) and lower face scores (67.4 ± 1.55 vs. 90.31 ± 7.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The triple nerve transfer technique using cross-face nerve grafts, the nerve-to-masseter, and the hypoglossal nerve, is an effective and reproducible technique to obtain middle and lower face reanimation in cases of early facial palsy.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Facial , Transferencia de Nervios , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Parálisis Facial/cirugía , Transferencia de Nervios/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Nervio Facial/cirugía , Músculo Masetero , SonrisaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Attempts at dynamic reconstruction of the upper eyelid either by neurotization or direct muscle replacement have been scarce. Substitution of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle requires the use of extremely small and pliable structures. As a proof of concept/pilot study, we present a consecutive series of patients who underwent blepharoptosis correction using the neurotized omohyoid muscle graft. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients receiving a neurotized omohyoid muscle graft for levator palpebralis substitution between January and December 2019. RESULTS: Five patients were operated (2 male, 3 female); median age was 35.5 years. Median palpebral aperture was 0 mm and levator function was< 1 mm in all cases. Median denervation time for the levator muscle was 9 years. All surgeries were uneventful, and no postoperative complications were seen. Twelve months after the procedure, all patients presented with adequate palpebral aperture on activation of the spinal nerve. Median palpebral aperture was 6.5 mm Postoperative electromyography revealed muscle contraction when stimulation was applied to the spinal nerve. CONCLUSION: This study introduces the concept of severe blepharoptosis correction using the omohyoid muscle. We believe that with time and further technical refinements it could become an invaluable tool in eyelid reconstruction surgery.
Asunto(s)
Blefaroplastia , Blefaroptosis , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Blefaroptosis/cirugía , Blefaroplastia/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Proyectos Piloto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Moebius syndrome is a disorder characterized by facial and abducens nerve paralysis. Patients can present a wide range of upper extremity malformations. Literature focused on orthopedic manifestations of Moebius syndrome shows variability in the prevalence and clinical presentation of upper extremity anomalies. The aim of this work is to evaluate the prevalence of upper extremity malformations in patients with Moebius syndrome, clarify its various clinical presentations, and present treatment strategies for their management. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients with Moebius syndrome and upper extremity malformations between 2012 and 2019. Data include demographic characteristics, Moebius syndrome subtype, type of malformation, affected extremity, and surgical procedures underwent. Quantitative data were recorded as mean (standard deviation [SD]), and qualitative data were expressed in terms of totals and percentages. Statistical association between Moebius syndrome subtype and development of upper extremity anomalies was evaluated using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Twenty-five out of 153 patients (16.3%) presented upper extremity malformations (48% male). Mean age of presentation was 9.08 ± 9.43 years. Sixty-eight percent of the malformations were unilateral. The most common presentations included Poland syndrome and simple syndactyly with 8 cases each (32%), followed by 5 cases of brachysyndactyly (20%), 3 cases of amniotic band syndrome (12%), and 1 case of cleft hand (4%). No statistical association was found between Moebius syndrome subtype and odds ratio for development of upper extremity anomalies. Thirteen patients (52%) underwent reconstructive procedures. CONCLUSION: Poland syndrome and syndactyly are the most common anomalies in patients with Moebius syndrome. Patients may present with a wide range of hand malformations, each patient should be carefully evaluated in order to determine whether surgical treatment is needed and to optimize rehabilitation protocols.
Asunto(s)
Deformidades de la Mano , Síndrome de Mobius , Síndrome de Poland , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Adolescente , Femenino , Síndrome de Mobius/epidemiología , Síndrome de Mobius/cirugía , Síndrome de Mobius/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Prevalencia , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Facial paralysis is a frequent disabling entity that causes a negative impact on the cosmetic, functional, social, psychological and economic aspects of the patient. Surgical treatment aims to restore the patient to her previous life with the fewest possible sequelae. OBJECTIVE: Describe the experience of surgical management and propose a treatment algorithm. METHOD: A retrospective study was carried out from 2017 to 2019 of the records of patients with facial nerve involvement. The variables were age, sex, etiology, affected side and procedures performed. RESULTS: 108 patients were obtained. The most frequent cause was development facial paralysis (41,8%), followed by resection of intracranial tumors (29%). A total of 225 procedures were performed, average per patient of 2.7. The most performed dynamic procedure was the gracilis-free flap (59%). The most frequent static procedures were the placement of a gold weight (24%) and the recreation of the nasogenian sulcus (13%). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment algorithm will depend on the evolution time, etiology, donor nerves and state of the facial musculature. The gracilis-free flap continues to be the gold standard procedure in facial paralysis reconstruction. Static procedures are additionally required to achieve a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result.
ANTECEDENTES: La parálisis facial es una afección incapacitante que con frecuencia causa un impacto negativo en los aspectos cosméticos, funcionales, sociales, psicológicos y económicos. El tratamiento quirúrgico tiene como objetivo mejorar la calidad de vida dejando la menor cantidad posible de secuelas. OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia del manejo quirúrgico y proponer un algoritmo de tratamiento. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de 2017 a 2019, de los expedientes de pacientes con afección del nervio facial. Las variables consideradas fueron la edad, el sexo, la etiología, el lado afectado y los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 108 pacientes y la causa más frecuente fue la parálisis facial del desarrollo sindrómica (42%), seguida de la resección de tumores intracraneales (29%). Se realizaron 225 procedimientos, con un promedio de 2.7 por paciente. El procedimiento dinámico más realizado fue el colgajo libre de gracilis (59%). Los procedimientos estáticos más frecuentes fueron la colocación de una pesa de oro (24%) y la recreación del surco nasogeniano (13%). CONCLUSIONES: La secuencia del tratamiento quirúrgico dependerá del tiempo de evolución, la etiología, los nervios disponibles y el estado de la musculatura facial. El colgajo libre de gracilis continúa siendo el procedimiento de elección en la reconstrucción de la parálisis facial. Adicionalmente se requieren procedimientos estáticos para lograr un resultado estético y funcional satisfactorio.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Facial , Colgajos Tisulares Libres , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Parálisis Facial/etiología , Parálisis Facial/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , México , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención TerciariaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Describir el manejo de las lesiones nerviosas de extremidad inferior atendidas en un centro de referencia en cirugía plástica y reconstructiva en la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, en el que se evaluaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes atendidos por lesiones nerviosas de extremidad inferior entre 2010 y 2018. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes, 14 hombres (66.6%) y 7 mujeres (33.3%), con una edad promedio de 30.00 ± 8.89 años. Las lesiones en la extremidad derecha fueron más prevalentes (52.3%). El mecanismo de lesión más común fue por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego (28.5%) o por accidente automovilístico (13.6%). Los nervios más afectados fueron el ciático (38.0%) y el peroneo (38.0%), seguidos por el tibial (9.5%), el peroneo y el tibial simultáneamente (9.5%) y el femoral (4.7%). Las medidas de tratamiento más empleadas fueron las transferencias nerviosas (7 casos, 33.3%) y la aplicación de injertos nerviosos para el manejo de brechas (7 casos, 33.3%). CONCLUSIONES: La reparación de las estructuras nerviosas de la extremidad inferior ha recibido poca atención. Sin embargo, nuestro estudio muestra que es posible aplicar diversas estrategias reconstructivas microquirúrgicas, buscando mejorar los desenlaces funcionales de los pacientes. OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of lower extremity nerve injuries at a plastic and reconstructive surgery referral center in Mexico City. METHOD: A descriptive, transversal and retrospective study was performed, evaluating clinical records of patients with lower extremity nerve injuries managed in our center between 2010 and 2018. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included, 14 males (66.6%) and 7 females (33.3%); mean age was 30.00 ± 8.89 years. Right-sided injuries were more prevalent (52.3%). The most common etiologies were gunshot injuries (28.5%) and motor vehicle accidents (13.6%). The most frequently affected nerves were the sciatic (38.0%) and the peroneal nerves (38.0%), followed by the tibial (9.5%), simultaneous tibial and peroneal nerve injury (9.5%) and the femoral nerve (4.7%). Nerve transfers (7 cases, 33.3%) and autologous nerve grafts (7 cases, 33.3%) were the preferred surgical techniques for injury management. CONCLUSIONS: Repair of lower extremity nerve injuries has not been popularized, however our study shows that several microsurgical reconstructive strategies are available in order to improve functional outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Extremidad Inferior , Derivación y Consulta , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Extremidad Inferior/cirugía , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Introduction The masseter nerve has been used as a donor nerve for facial reanimation procedures due to the multiple advantages it offers; it has been generally considered that sacrifice of the masseter nerve does not alter the masticatory apparatus; however, there are no objective studies to support this claim. Objective To evaluate the impact that the use of the masseter nerve in dynamic facial reconstruction has on the electrical activity of the masseter muscle and on bite force. Materials and Methods An observational and prospective longitudinal study was performed measuring bite force and electrical activity of the masseter muscles before and 3 months after dynamic facial reconstructive surgery using the masseter nerve. An occlusal analyzer and surface electromyography were employed for measurements. Results The study included 15 patients with unilateral facial paralysis, with a mean age of 24.06 ± 23.43. Seven patients were subjected to a masseter-buccal branch nerve transfer, whereas in eight patients, the masseter nerve was used as a donor nerve for gracilis free functional muscle transfer. Electrical activity of the masseter muscle was significantly reduced after surgery in both occlusal positions: from 140.86 ± 65.94 to 109.68 ± 68.04 ( p = 0.01) in maximum intercuspation and from 123.68 ± 75.64 to 82.64 ± 66.56 ( p = 0.01) in the rest position. However, bite force did not show any reduction, changing from 22.07 ± 15.66 to 15.56 ± 7.91 ( p = 0.1) after the procedure. Conclusion Masseter nerve transfer causes a reduction in electromyographic signals of the masseter muscle; however, bite force is preserved and comparable to preoperative status.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Moebius syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by bilateral facial and abducens nerve palsies; other cranial nerver might be affected as well. So far, no studies have reported the electromyographic responses of the facial musculature in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to describe the electromyographic responses of the facial muscle and the main donor nerves for facial reanimation in patients with Moebius syndrome. METHOD: We analyzed electromyographies from the facial, hypoglossal, masseterine (trigeminal) and accessory nerves from patients with Moebius syndrome treated between 2010 and 2016. Results are presented as percentages and central tendency measures. RESULTS: 24 patients were included, mean age 11.79 ± 9.39 years. The facial nerve showed complete unilateral recruitment in 4 patients, partial bilaterally in 11, 7 showed no activity bilaterally and two had unilateral inactivity. The masseterine was normal in 14 patients, had partial recruitment bilaterally in 4 and unilaterally in 4 cases. The accessory nerve was normal in 20 patients, showed partial recruitment bilaterally in 3 and unilaterally in 1 patients. The hypoglossal was normal in 22 patients, and altered in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Patients with Moebius syndrome show several degrees of alteration in electromyographic evaluation of the facial nerve. Electromyography is a useful tool in evaluating potential motor donor nerves for facial reanimation surgery.
ANTECEDENTES: El síndrome de Moebius es una entidad clínica caracterizada por parálisis bilateral congénita del nervio facial y el abducens. Adicionalmente se pueden encontrar afectados otros pares craneales. Actualmente no existen estudios que reporten la respuesta electromiográfica de la musculatura facial en esta población. OBJETIVO: Describir la respuesta electromiográfica de la musculatura facial y de los principales nervios donadores para reconstrucción facial dinámica en pacientes con síndrome de Moebius. MÉTODO: Se analizaron electromiografías de los nervios facial, hipogloso, maseterino (trigémino) y accesorio en pacientes con síndrome de Moebius atendidos entre 2010 y 2016. Los resultados se presentan en porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 24 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 11.79 ± 9.39 años. El nervio facial presentó reclutamiento unilateral completo en 4 pacientes, parcial bilateral en 11 pacientes, en 7 pacientes ausencia de reclutamiento bilateral e inactividad unilateral en 2 pacientes. El maseterino tuvo reclutamiento completo en 14 pacientes, parcial bilateral en 4 pacientes y parcial unilateral en 4 pacientes. El nervio accesorio mostró reclutamiento completo en 20 pacientes, parcial bilateral en 3 pacientes y parcial unilateral en 1 paciente. El hipogloso mostró actividad normal en 22 pacientes, parcial bilateral en 1 paciente y parcial unilateral en 1 paciente. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con síndrome de Moebius presentan alteraciones en los registros electromiográficos del nervio facial. La electromiografía permite identificar los nervios donadores para realizar la reconstrucción dinámica.
Asunto(s)
Electromiografía , Músculos Faciales/fisiopatología , Nervio Facial/fisiopatología , Síndrome de Mobius/fisiopatología , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Enfermedades del Nervio Abducens , Nervio Accesorio/fisiopatología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Nervio Facial/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Nervio Hipogloso/fisiopatología , Masculino , Nervio Mandibular/fisiopatología , Síndrome de Mobius/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a malformation characterized by asymmetric facial growth with mandibular and muscular involvement. There are no reports focused on the functional status of the masticatory system of patients with HFM. The objective of this work evaluate bite force and electrical activity of masseter muscle in children with HFM, and compare them to healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare bite force and electrical activity of masseter muscle between subjects with HFM and healthy children. Mean bite force (MBF) and surface electromyography (EMG) on maximum intercuspation (MIC) and rest position (RP) from both sides of the face were recorded. Comparative statistics between HFM patients and controls were performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to compare the microsomic and healthy hemifaces. Twenty children with HFM and 10 controls were included, average age was 7.2 years (range 3-14). MBF did not show statistical significance between both groups. Surface EMG signal at MIC was significantly diminished when compared to the healthy side (p = .003) and to the control group (p = .016), this significance was also present at RP when comparing the affected and non-affected sides of the face (p < .01) but not against the controls (p = .08). This study showed that patients with HFM had diminished EMG values of the masseter muscle on the affected side, compared to healthy individuals, but bite force did not show significant alterations.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mordida , Electromiografía , Síndrome de Goldenhar/fisiopatología , Músculo Masetero/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a procedure that uses neurophysiological techniques in order to evaluate the motor and sensitive systems during surgeries that endanger the nervous system. METHOD: The approach, scope, target population, and clinical questions to be answered were defined. A systematic search of the evidence was conducted step by step; during the first stage, clinical practice guidelines were collected, during the second stage systematic reviews were obtained, and during the third stage, clinical trials and observational studies were procured. The MeSH nomenclature and free related terminology were used, with no language restrictions and a 5-10 years frame. The quality of the evidence was graded using the CEPD and SIGN scales. RESULTS: Obtained using the search algorrhythms of 892 documents. Fifty-eight were chosen to be included in the qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Eighteen recommendations were issued and will support the adequate use of the IONM.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El monitoreo neurofisiológico intraoperatorio (MNIO) es un procedimiento que emplea técnicas neurofisiológicas con la finalidad de evaluar los sistemas motor y sensitivo durante cirugías que ponen en riesgo al sistema nervioso. MÉTODO: Se definieron el enfoque, los alcances, la población diana y las preguntas clínicas por resolver. Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada de la evidencia por etapas. En la primera, se buscaron guías de práctica clínica; en la segunda, revisiones sistemáticas; y en la tercera, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales. Se utilizaron los términos MeSH y libres correspondientes, sin restricciones de lenguaje y con una temporalidad de 5 a 10 años. Se graduó la calidad de la evidencia utilizando las escalas CEPD y SIGN. RESULTADOS: Mediante los algoritmos de búsqueda se obtuvieron 892 documentos, y se seleccionaron 58 para la inclusión de la síntesis cualitativa. Debido a la heterogeneidad entre los estudios, no fue posible realizar metaanálisis. CONCLUSIONES: Se emitieron 18 recomendaciones, las cuales servirán como apoyo para la adecuada utilización del MNIO.
Asunto(s)
Monitorización Neurofisiológica Intraoperatoria , Centros de Atención Secundaria , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
Vascular abnormalities are localized structural irregularities, which are performed during vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. The involvement of soft tissue in such vascular malformations is frequent; however, the compromising of the buccal fat pads (Bichat bags) is uncommon, even in specialized centers, such as the plastic clinic of our institution, in which very few patients have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to present a series of 2 patients in which vascular malformations involving the buccal fat pads, which were extracted by intraoral approach.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/irrigación sanguínea , Tejido Adiposo/cirugía , Mejilla/irrigación sanguínea , Mejilla/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/métodos , Malformaciones Vasculares/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Ritidoplastia/efectos adversos , Escleroterapia/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute upper extremity injuries remain one of the most common consultations in the emergency departments for plastic surgery services. These injuries can affect a person's quality of life and negatively affect work-related or social interactions if not properly managed. We aim to evaluate our experience and management in a specialized referral center in Mexico City. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed. All patients with hand trauma managed by our service from July 2010 to June 2015 were included; their demographic characteristics were described as well as the most common patterns of injury, management, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 4751 patients with injuries in the upper extremities were included, 77% were males with a mean age of presentation of 26.9 ± 17.9 years; the age group most commonly affected was between 16 to 30 years (39%); 54% of the cases affected the right hand. Lacerative wounds were the most common mechanism of injury (60.7%), followed by blunt trauma (28.7%). Management was surgical in 87% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Upper extremity trauma encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations, from simple lacerations to catastrophic injuries that require extensive or multiple reconstructive procedures. The clear understanding of the trauma mechanisms and how they are related with certain patterns of injury might maximize awareness and guide a surgeon's management effectively.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Brazo/epidemiología , Traumatismos del Brazo/cirugía , Traumatismos de la Mano/epidemiología , Traumatismos de la Mano/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Salud Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos del Brazo/etiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Traumatismos de la Mano/etiología , Hospitales Generales , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Direct muscle neurotization has been proved to be a feasible technique for facial reanimation microsurgical procedures. Direct muscle neurotization is performed by implanting the interposition nerve graft directly into the substance of the muscle. The authors present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with upper eyelid dysfunction secondary to facial trauma. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle was macroscopically unaffected; however, neurophysiological test proved a selective denervation of the CN III motor branch to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Direct muscle neurotization was performed by means of 2 separate nerve procedures. The authors have made follow-up for 3 months after surgery. The authors have noted development of upper eyelid movement meaning adequate function of the neurotized muscle. The authors believe that this procedure could be integrated into the surgical options to treat selective nerve injuries should the right patient is encountered.
Asunto(s)
Blefaroptosis/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Transferencia de Nervios , Músculos Oculomotores/inervación , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Adulto , Blefaroptosis/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , MovimientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Preseptal cellulitis (PC) may be locally complicated with abscess formation and necrotizing fasciitis. If not treated promptly and adequately, it may result in further complications. The authors report a series of patients where negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) proved a safe and valuable adjunct therapy in avoiding complications of PC and in accelerating wound healing. METHODS: A 4 patient case series. Four male patients (11 months to 58 years old) with unilateral complicated PC. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were admitted with PC and treated initially with specific intravenous antibiotic therapy. These patients did not respond adequately; therefore, surgical drainage and/or debridement were performed. After surgery, persistent edema and purulent discharge was observed prompting the need for adjunct NPWT every 48 to 72 hours. NPWT is the use of vacuum through a wound filler material covered with an airtight drape connected to a pump. Complete ophthalmologic examination was performed after each 48-hour cycle. Length of hospital stay, days from surgery to discharge, days from start of NPWT to discharge, clinical improvement, and safety. RESULTS: Four patients were diagnosed with PC between 2 and 5 days of evolution. Two diabetic adults developed the condition secondary to trauma, the adolescent as a result of a cosmetic piercing, and the infant associated to sinusitis. NPWT reached -125 mm·Hg, except for the infant who received -75 mm·Hg. The average number of days necessary for improvement with NPWT was 6.7 days. Only 2 patients required surgical reconstruction. Time from debridement to discharge was in average 13.5 days. No ocular complications were observed, and follow up was satisfactory with normal eyelid function and aesthetics and preserved visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: NPWT proved to be safe and effective for treating locally complicated PC as an adjuvant therapy to antibiotic and surgical treatment that decreased the length of hospital stay, and the time for recovery in patients that were slow responders. No ocular complications were observed in any of these patients' follow up ranging from 1 to 4 years.
Asunto(s)
Absceso/terapia , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/terapia , Fascitis Necrotizante/terapia , Terapia de Presión Negativa para Heridas/métodos , Celulitis Orbitaria/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/aislamiento & purificación , Absceso/diagnóstico , Absceso/microbiología , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapéutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Clindamicina/uso terapéutico , Desbridamiento , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Fascitis Necrotizante/diagnóstico , Fascitis Necrotizante/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Celulitis Orbitaria/diagnóstico , Celulitis Orbitaria/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The treatment of long-standing facial palsy represents a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Treatment is based on dynamic procedures such as functional muscle flaps. The benefit of added axonal load has recently been reported. This study describes a two stage technique involving dual innervation of a gracilis muscle flap with initial cross-facial nerve graft (CFNG) followed by free muscle transfer co-apted to both the CFNG and a masseter nerve for facial reanimation. METHODS: A total of nine patients from August 2008-July 2011 were operated on with the double innervated gracilis muscle flap. Pre- and postoperative electromyography was documented, and video analysis with the five-stage classification of reanimation outcomes was performed. RESULTS: All patients recovered voluntary and spontaneous smile abilities, with an average of 70% motor unit recruitment. Based on the Terzis reanimation outcome classification, four patients had an excellent result, four good, and one moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The double innervated gracilis muscle flap is a viable technique for the treatment of long-standing facial palsy. It enables a fast recovery with fast muscle activity, and allows an emotional smile and aesthetic symmetry.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Faciales/trasplante , Parálisis Facial/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Wound healing can result in the development of keloid scars that contain atypical fibroblasts and an overabundance of extracellular matrix components. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) refers to exposure to pure oxygen under increased atmospheric pressure and is recognized as a valuable supplementary method of treatment for problematic wounds. The effect of HBO in the expression of insulin-like growth factor type 1 (ILGF-1) and transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) messenger RNAs was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR in fibroblasts obtained from keloid scars and nonwound involved skin fibroblast from the same patient. ILGF-1 and TGF-ß are the principal mitogens during wound regeneration. We found a decrease in the growth of fibroblasts and in the expression of ILGF-1 and TGF-ß messengers in keloid and nonkeloid fibroblast after chronic exposition to hyperbaric oxygenation compared with normal oxygen partial pressure.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos/fisiología , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Queloide/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Cicatrización de Heridas , Fibroblastos/citología , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Queloide/fisiopatología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
The number of lipoaugmentation procedures, and specifically the number of gluteal lipoaugmentations, has risen dramatically over the past decade. Though gluteal lipoaugmentation confers a pleasing hourglass profile with seemingly minimal risk, its risks have not been fully realized. We report the case of a healthy 35-year-old woman who suffered axonotmesis of the sciatic nerve due to direct lipoinjection into and around the nerve sheath. She was treated expectantly in our Peripheral Nerve Clinic for 3 months without evidence of improvement. Subsequently, she underwent internal and external neurolysis. Eighteen weeks after her neurolysis, she continues to demonstrate signs of severe peripheral neuropathy, but has begun to show signs of nerve regeneration. This is the first reported case of sciatic nerve axonotmesis due to gluteal lipoaugmentation. It highlights the importance of a thorough knowledge of gluteal anatomy and a consciousness of the risks involved with lipoaugmentation of deep structures.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/trasplante , Nalgas/cirugía , Descompresión Quirúrgica/métodos , Neuropatía Ciática/etiología , Neuropatía Ciática/cirugía , Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Adulto , Nalgas/inervación , Electromiografía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Medición de Riesgo , Nervio Ciático/lesiones , Nervio Ciático/patología , Neuropatía Ciática/fisiopatología , Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Expansión de Tejido/efectos adversos , Expansión de Tejido/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Echinococcosis is a frequent hepatic parasitic disease in several countries but it is practically absent in Mexico. A cattle strain of Echinococcus granulosus was identified by RAPD, PCR-RFLP and mitochondrial CO1 gene analysis in an autochthonous case. The parasite was obtained after a laparoscopic excision of a liver cyst from a patient that was symptomatic for 6 years but mis-diagnosed before hospitalization.
Asunto(s)
Equinococosis Hepática/transmisión , Echinococcus granulosus/clasificación , Echinococcus granulosus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Animales , Bovinos/parasitología , Equinococosis Hepática/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , México , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Porcinos/parasitología , Zoonosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of hydatid disease in Mexico. BACKGROUND: Liver hydatid disease is the most frequent hepatic parasitic disease in developed countries and is considered practically absent in Mexico. METHODS: In this paper we report identification, clinical management, and epidemiologic parasitologic, and molecular biological studies of an autochthonous case of hydatid disease in Mexico. RESULTS: Hepatic cyst was identified by imaging techniques. The patient received cestocidal treatment and the parasite was excised by laparoscopy. It was not possible to identify the origin of the Echinococcus strain neither by epidemiologic studies performed in the patient's household nor by RAPD pattern obtained with DNA of the protoscolices. Infection of a dog with protoscolices was not successful probably because they were damaged by the cestocidal drug. CONCLUSIONS: Care should be taken in the future to identify other possible autochthonous patients harboring liver hydatid cysts to treat them in an adequate and timely fashion, and to identify the strain of Echinococcus granulosus that infects patients in Mexico.