RESUMEN
The role of exposure to antiretrovirals (ARV) and serum matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) on liver fibrosis (LF) progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mono or HIV- hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is unclear. Thus, 213 Caucasian adult HIV-infected patients were studied, 111 of whom had HCV-coinfection and 68 were HCV-monoinfected. Patients with ethanol consumption >50 g/day, hepatitis B coinfection, non-infective liver diseases or HAART adherence <75% were excluded. LF was assessed by transient elastometry (TE, Fibroscan). Serum levels of MMPs (MMP -1,-2,-3,-8,-9,-10 and -13) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1,-2 and -4) were measured by ELISA microarrays. Associations with LF were statistically analysed. Protease inhibitors, usually administered to patients with advanced LF were excluded from the analysis. Increased LF was significantly associated with d4T (P = 0.006) and didanosine (ddI) use (P = 0.007), months on d4T (P = 0.001) and on ARV (P = 0.025), duration of HIV (P < 0.0001) and HCV infections (P < 0.0001), higher HIV (P = 0.03) and HCV loads (P < 0.0001), presence of lipodystrophy (P = 0.02), male gender (P = 0.02), older age (P = 0.04), low nadir (P = 0.02) and current CD4(+) T-cells (P < 0.0001), low gain of CD4(+) T-cells after HAART (P = 0.01) and higher MMP-2 (P = 0.02) and TIMP-2 serum levels (P = 0.02). By logistic regression the only variables significantly associated with increased LF were: use of ddI (OR 8.77, 95% CI: 2.36-32.26; P = 0.005), male gender (OR 7.75, 95% CI: 2.33-25.64, P = 0.0008), HCV viral load (in log) (OR 3.53, 95% CI: 2.16-5.77; P < 0.0001) and age (in years) (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.34, P = 0.0003). We conclude that only higher HCV viral load, older age, male gender, and use of ddI associated independently with increased LF in our study.
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Fármacos Anti-VIH/administración & dosificación , Didanosina/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis C Crónica/epidemiología , Cirrosis Hepática/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Masculino , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/sangre , Análisis por Micromatrices , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/sangre , Carga ViralRESUMEN
CLINICAL CASE: Female in her eighties is admitted suffering from unilateral ocular pain. On examination we observed, as well as corneal abrasion, a bilateral iridoschisis with a frayed iris, unfolded between its stromal layers. DISCUSSION: This rare case is related either to senile degenerative change or to angle-closure glaucoma. However, it is also associated with congenital syphilis with or without the presence of interstitial keratitis. Infant conjunctivitis and a "salt and pepper" appearance of the fundus oculi complete the diagnosis. It is confirmed that the patient had suffered from congenital late syphilis, cured by the age of 80: this confirmation is reached by treponemal (RPR-) and non-treponemal (TPHA+) serological tests.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Iris/etiología , Sífilis Congénita/complicaciones , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Sífilis Congénita/sangreRESUMEN
Caso clínico: Mujer octogenaria que acude pordolor ocular unilateral. En la exploración observamos,además de una abrasión corneal, una iridosquisisbilateral con un iris desflecado, desdobladoentre sus capas estromales.Discusión: Esta rara entidad está relacionada conlos cambios degenerativos seniles o al glaucoma deángulo cerrado. Sin embargo, también es asociado ala sífilis congénita con o sin la coexistencia de queratitisintersticial. Las conjuntivitis en la infancia yel fondo de ojo en «sal y pimienta» complementanel diagnóstico de sospecha. Confirmándose, a los80 años una sífilis congénita tardía curada, por lostest serológicos treponémicos (RPR-) y no treponémicos(TPHA+)(AU)
Clinical case: Female in her eighties is admittedsuffering from unilateral ocular pain. On examinationwe observed, as well as corneal abrasion, abilateral iridoschisis with a frayed iris, unfoldedbetween its stromal layers.Discussion: This rare case is related either to seniledegenerative change or to angle-closure glaucoma.However, it is also associated with congenital syphiliswith or without the presence of interstitial keratitis.Infant conjunctivitis and a «salt and pepper» appearanceof the fundus oculi complete the diagnosis.It is confirmed that the patient had suffered fromcongenital late syphilis, cured by the age of 80: thisconfirmation is reached by treponemal (RPR-) andnon-treponemal (TPHA+) serological tests(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Historia del Siglo XXI , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/terapia , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/epidemiología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/etiología , Sífilis Congénita , Queratitis , Conjuntivitis/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis/terapia , Informes de CasosRESUMEN
A young Caucasian female with severe bronchial asthma and Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, MZ phenotype, experienced a quick and severe limitation of her physical capacity, which negatively affected her psychological state and social life, though she was under a strong antiasthmatic treatment. Given her declining health status and the significant chronic corticoid administration-related side-effects (including high reduction of muscle mass and bone density), a clinical trial with commercial intravenous AAT was proposed by the patient's doctors, and accepted by the Spanish Ministry of Health, although it this therapy was not approved for MZ phenotypes yet. This new therapy quickly stopped lung function decline rate, dramatically reduced the number of hospital admissions of the patient, suppressed the oral administration of prednisone, reversed the corticosteroid-related health adverse effects, significantly improving her quality of life. Thus, although AAT replacement therapy is not approved nor indicated for the treatment of bronchial asthma in MZ patients, its favourable effects observed in this isolated case support the hypothesis that bronchial asthma could be due to pathogenic mechanisms related to a protease-antiprotease imbalance, what which could open new perspectives for future research on the field.
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Asma/complicaciones , Inhibidores de Tripsina/administración & dosificación , Deficiencia de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicaciones , Deficiencia de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamiento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Asma/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Inducción de Remisión , Deficiencia de alfa 1-Antitripsina/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
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Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Putamen , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales , MetanolRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The frequency, clinical significance and prognosis of the lupic anticoagulant and the anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. METHODS: A group of 34 consecutive patients seropositive to HIV with lupic anticoagulant was studied in relation with 75 seropositive subjects without circulating anticoagulant and a control group of plasma of 23 seronegative individuals. The lengthening of thromboplastin time (relation > 1.3) was used as a screening test. The anticardiolipin antibodies IgG were studied by commercial enzymoimmunoassay. RESULTS: Lupic anticoagulant was detected in 21% of the patients with AIDS and in 3% of the seropositive patients without AIDS. The anticoagulant was found in 13 of 53 cases with tuberculosis, in 8 of 57 with pneumonia by Pneumocystis carinii, in 4 of 32 with bacteremia and in 3 out of 8 with lymphoma. In another six patients other minor processes and/or HIV seropositivity were coexistent. Thrombosis was not seen in any case, and the rate of thrombocytopenia (18%) was that to be expected in this population. The patients with anticoagulant had a greater prevalence to developing AIDS, opportunistic infections and tuberculosis with respect to the seropositive group without anticoagulant, however, no differences were observed in the prevalence and levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and other nonspecific autoimmune phenomena. Periodic follow up of the patients with anticoagulant demonstrated persistence of the anticoagulant in 31% and reappearance of the same in 23% with new infections. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation was found between the different antiphospholipid antibodies in the patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Low titers of anticardiolipin antibodies are indicative of disease progression.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/sangre , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/sangre , Seropositividad para VIH/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PronósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To investigate the relation between markers of load and replication of the HIV [viral culture in plasma and in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood (MCPB) and antigen p24 (p24Ag) with the number of CD4+ cells and the prognosis of the patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 188 patients who were analyzed and followed over a mean period of 431 days. The criteria of clinical progression (AIDS related complex, and new opportunistic infections), immunologic progression (CD4+ < 0.1 and < 0.05 + 10(9)/l) and death. Cocultures of HIV in free plasma and in MCPB were performed with the detection of complete AgHIV in the supernatant of the culture being used for analysis. Circulating p24Ag was determined by an ELISA technique without previous dissociation of the immunocomplexes. RESULTS: HIV cultures in plasma, in MCPB and p24Ag were positive in 27, 48 and 33% of the patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the indexes increased in agreement with the clinical progression of the patients and was inversely proportional to the depletion of the CD4+ lymphocytes (79% of the patients with CD4+ lymphocytes < 0.05 x 10(9)/l presented positive HIV culture in plasma). Viremia in plasma and to a lesser measure p24Ag correlated with variables recognized as bad prognosis and were found to be predictive of unfavorable evolution. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pertenence to a symptomatic group and the presentation of a number of CD4+ lymphocytes of less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l were independent factors associated to the positivity of the viral culture in plasma and p24Ag. The culture positive in MCPB was principally related with the volume of blood analyzed. The risk of death was 6.38 fold greater in the presence of a positive plasma culture and 2.02 fold greater in the presence of positive p24Ag. In contrast, the unquantified positive HIV culture in MCPB showed no statistical significance in relation with patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Positive HIV culture in plasma was the greatest prognostic index in patients with a number of CD4+ lymphocytes less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l. Unquantified cell culture had no predictive significance. To establish the prognosis of patients, the indexes of viral replication should not be used in isolation.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/sangre , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología , Proteína p24 del Núcleo del VIH/sangre , Seropositividad para VIH/sangre , Seropositividad para VIH/microbiología , VIH/fisiología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/microbiología , Replicación Viral , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/mortalidad , Análisis Actuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Seropositividad para VIH/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tasa de Supervivencia , Virología/métodosRESUMEN
We report a case of a 33-year-old man, intravenous drugs abuser, HIV-positive, with peripheral lymphadenopathy, hepato-splenomegaly and fever, in which a ganglionic biopsy showed a histology with morphologic features of multicentric Castleman's-like disease, and minute foci of Kaposi's sarcoma ganglion, without cutaneous lesions. Given the interrelationships between this morphology of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, the development of Kaposi's Sarcoma, and the aggressive clinical course seen in our patient and those in the literature, the use of lymph node biopsy may be an important prognostic tool for the patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Complejo Relacionado con el SIDA/patología , Enfermedad de Castleman/patología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patología , Complejo Relacionado con el SIDA/complicaciones , Adulto , Biopsia , Enfermedad de Castleman/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcoma de Kaposi/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The presence of immunoglobulins in saliva has allowed it to be proven that they are specific against certain antigens. Antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been observed in saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of the same by commercial enzymoinmmunoassay (EIA) and standardize the technique. METHODS: In 78 intravenous drug user patients the presence of antibodies against HIV in serum and saliva were determined by recombinant EIA (Abbott HIV-1/HIV-2 recombinant EIA). The determinations in saliva were made taking volumes of 10 and 50 microliters. RESULTS: In 43 patients the presence of antibodies against HIV-1 was demonstrated in serum, 42 of which were positive in saliva in the determination with 50 microliters and 16 with 10 microliters. No false positives were reported. With the use of 50 microliters of saliva the test showed a sensitivity of 0.98, specificity of 1, predictive value of a positive result of 1, predictive value of negative result of 0.98 and diagnostic efficacy of 0.99. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of antibodies against HIV in saliva in intravenous drug users is a highly sensitive and specific method with the use of volumes of 50 microliters in the tests.
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Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , VIH/aislamiento & purificación , Saliva/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/análisis , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , VIH-2/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía IntravenosaRESUMEN
Tuberculosis is currently one the more frequent opportunistic infections in patients infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in our setting. Its extrapulmonary localization is considered as diagnostic of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). We have evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, histological and immunological characteristics of 120 patients in the Asturias region who had a tuberculosis diagnosed in any localization, during the period between 1984 and 1991, belonging to a series of 570 patients infected by HIV. Pulmonary types were comparatively analyzed to the extrapulmonary and disseminated ones. Tuberculosis was pulmonary only in 44 occasions (PT), in 36 it was extrapulmonary (EPT) and in 52 disseminated (DT). The more frequent risk factor for the HIV infection was the parenteral consumption of drugs (78.8%). The final diagnosis was microbiologic in 81% of the cases, while bacilloscopia was positive in 62% of the cases. The histologic study showed the presence of granulomas in 86% of the tissues studied and necrosis in 81%. EPT and DT were related with a worse immune situation, bigger mortality rates attributed to tuberculosis and worse survival (p 0.069). Tuberculosis in patients infected by HIV appears mainly in CDVP, being its symptoms the normal ones; but extrapulmonary forms are clearly predominant and within this group those with a ganglionar localization. Normal diagnostic procedures yield a good result. EPT and DT are significantly related to a more severe immunodeficiency in comparison with PT. Survival and prognosis are better in the PT group.
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Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Análisis Actuarial , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Derrame Pleural/etiología , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
We studied the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among 164 heterosexual partners of anti-HCV-positive subjects, 131 prostitutes and 52 homosexual men. 6.7% of heterosexual monogamous partners had anti-HCV; the seropositivity rate was associated with a long-term sexual practice and with age. Of the 131 prostitutes, 6 (4.6%) had anti-HCV; there were significant associations in patients positive for anti-HCV, with a history of parenteral drug addiction. 11.5% of homosexual men were anti-HCV positive; there were significant associations with positivity for antibodies to HIV, intravenous drug abuse and with the number of sexual partners. We concluded that the HCV may be transmitted by sexual route, but the high seroprevalence among prostitutes and homosexuals may be explained by other parenteral mechanisms.
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Hepacivirus/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Homosexualidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Factores Sexuales , Trabajo Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We prospectively investigated 274 consecutive Staphylococcus aureus septicaemias in adult patients between January 1983 and December 1989 to evaluate outcome in hospital acquired and community acquired episodes. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic parameters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical tests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ninety episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia were acquired in the community and 184 in hospital. Diabetes mellitus and renal failure were accompanied by a clear increase in bacteraemia related death in the community-acquired category. Correct antibiotic therapy showed a better response in the community-acquired group. Bacteraemia related death was 22.6% for episodes acquired in the hospital and 18.8% for those originating in the community.