RESUMEN
We assessed unprescribed psychoactive drug use in 173 adults with cystic fibrosis. Twenty (11%) regularly smoked tobacco. Cigarette smoking ranged from 1 to 30 years (2 to 60 pack-years). Alcohol was used by 60%, and marijuana by 20% of the patients. Pulmonary symptoms were often increased the day after alcohol ingestion. Alcohol occasionally caused nausea, vomiting, and headache if the patient was taking some cephalosporin derivatives (such as cefsulodine) or chloramphenicol. Marijuana often aggravated chronic pulmonary symptoms, although some patients reported transient relief during use. Comparison with a retrospectively selected control group did not show faster short-term pulmonary deterioration in the tobacco smokers. Physicians who deal with cystic fibrosis and other chronic illnesses should be cognizant of interactions of unprescribed and prescribed drugs. Recreational use of unprescribed psychoactive drugs should be considered if unexpected symptoms occur in older patients.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística/complicaciones , Psicotrópicos , Recreación , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Enfermedad Crónica , Cocaína , Fibrosis Quística/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Abuso de Marihuana/epidemiología , Abuso de Marihuana/patología , Plantas Tóxicas , Fumar , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/patología , Tabaco sin HumoRESUMEN
This paper examines family resemblance for five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, triceps skinfold, upper arm circumference relaxed [UACR] and flexed [UACF] and for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a group of adult Caribbean islanders of primarily African ancestry. Six hypotheses about family resemblance are tested by using path analysis and likelihood ratios. Significant intergenerational transmission is found only for height and UACR. For weight, UACF, and diastolic blood pressure, non-transmissible sibling resemblance is the primary component of family resemblance, although significant marital resemblance exists for diastolic blood pressure. Triceps skinfold and systolic blood pressure show no evidence of any family resemblance. Although results for highly heritable traits such as height are comparable to reports from other populations, measurements with a large contribution from common family environment or residual environmental effects, such as triceps skinfold or blood pressure, have much lower family resemblance in this population than in other populations. We hypothesize that this difference is due to the fact that adult children and their parents do not share a common household in this culture and to the presence of major nonfamilial environmental factors contributing to obesity and hypertension in this population.
Asunto(s)
Antropometría , Presión Sanguínea , Etnicidad , Adulto , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Hipertensión/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/etnología , Obesidad/genética , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos , Indias OccidentalesRESUMEN
Skin colorimetry readings taken in Belize, Central America (formerly British Honduras) with the two most commonly used portable reflectometers reveal significant differences in mean reflectance between Garifuna (Black Caribs) and Creoles, and between Garifuna in two settlements. These differences are related to variation in African, Indian, and European admixture, as estimated from serological markers. Sex differences are not evident in univariate comparisons, but females are significantly lighter than males in multivariate analyses of variance. Polynomial age trends exist in some groups for certain variables, but account for a very small amount of the variation in skin color within these groups.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnología , Factores de Edad , Belice , Población Negra , Niño , Preescolar , Color , Colorimetría/métodos , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Indígenas Centroamericanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Población BlancaRESUMEN
A model developed by Stern to estimate the number of loci determining human skin colour in African-European hybrid populations is tested on recently collected reflectance data. Despite improved measurement scales and admixture estimates, and the use of statistical goodness-of-fit tests, contradictory results are obtained. It is shown that previous authors' use of visual inspection to compare expected and observed phenotype distributions introduced considerable bias into their results.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra , Hibridación Genética , Modelos Genéticos , Pigmentación de la Piel , África/etnología , América Central , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
Comparisons between skin colorimetry reports have been hampered by the common use of two different types of portable reflectometers, which sample reflectances at different wavelengths. In an attempt to provide direct comparability between the two machines, multiple linear regression equations were derived from reflectance spectrophotometry readings on 308 Black Caribs and 175 Creoles in Belize, Central America, using both machines. Cross validation tests show the coefficients presented are applicable to independent data sets and generally applicable to other heavily pigmented populations. Comparisons with previously published conversion formulae, which were from very small samples using simple linear regression, show a definite improvement in predictive accuracy when using multiple regression equations based on a large sample.