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BACKGROUND: The static sitting position contributes to increased pressure on the lumbar intervertebral disc, which can lead to dehydration and decreased disc height. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate the of sitting posture on degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One researcher carried out a systematic literature search of articles with no language or time limits. Studies from 2006 to 2018 were found. The searches in all databases were carried out on January 28, 2022, using the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases, and for the grey literature: Google scholar, CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Bank, and Open Grey. The acronym PECOS was used to formulate the question focus of this study: P (population) - male and female subjects; E (exposure) - sitting posture; C (comparison) - other posture or sitting posture in different periods; O (outcomes) - height and degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc(s), imaging exam; and S (study) - cross-sectional and case control. RESULTS: The risk of bias was in its moderate totality in its outcome: height and degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc(s) - imaging. Of the four selected studies, three found a decrease in the height of the disc(s) in sitting posture. CONCLUSION: The individual data from the manuscripts suggest that the sitting posture causes a reduction in the height of the lumbar intervertebral disc. It was also concluded that there is a need for new primary studies with a more in-depth design and sample size.

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Total knee arthroplasty is performed to relieve knee pain and disability related to end-stage osteoarthritis. Cryotherapy is used as an analgesic method, reducing the intraarticular temperature. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the efficacy of cryotherapy in knee arthroplasty. A total of 700 articles were found in databases according to the search criteria for each database and the included descriptors (EndNote Web). After exclusion of duplicate articles, automatically and manually, Phase 1 was performed-reading of titles and abstracts of 375 articles according to the eligibility criteria by two blinded reviewers using the Rayyan QCRI (Qatar Computing Research Institute) program, conflicts were resolved in consensus between the 2 reviewers. Thus, 21 articles were selected for Phase 2-reading in full, leaving 5 articles for this review. The Cochrane instrument Rob 2 was used to assess the quality of bias of the selected studies, and RevMan 5.4.1 was used for meta-analysis. The age of study participants ranged from 51 to 74 years. The sample size ranged from 37 to 389 subjects, with a total of 648 subjects. The risk of bias was almost entirely high and moderate for all endpoints: pain, range of motion (ROM), and function. There was a decrease in pain level and as secondary endpoints ROM and functionality, there were divergences between studies. It can be concluded that although cryotherapy is indicated to reduce pain in the postoperative period of knee arthroplasty, studies have many methodological biases and the meta-analysis performed could not confirm the effects; therefore, more primary studies are needed to better understand the effects.

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BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with kiloHertz currents (kHz) is a resource used in rehabilitation for producing muscle contractions with functional objectives, resulting from the optimization of the performance of aspects of muscle function (AOMF). However, parameters such as inadequate frequency, phase duration, amplitude, and therapy time may limit the effectiveness of NMES by the absence of adequate stimuli to generate positive adaptations in the AOMF. This study aimed to present an overview of the effectiveness and dosimetry of NMES by kHz on AOMF, such as torque and hypertrophy, in healthy people. METHODS: The study was outlined as a scoping review. From the search, 3892 studies were found of which were incorporated into Rayyan software for exclusion of duplicates and further selection by titles and abstracts, which resulted in 33 articles for this review. RESULTS: According to the included studies, kHz can increase torque and generate hypertrophy. Only the studies with Russian current showed hypertrophy gains. Dosimetry was not always detailed in the studies, which hinders stipulating optimal parameters for kHz. CONCLUSION: From this review, it is concluded that NMSC by kHz is a valid resource to optimize AOMF, although the dosimetric parameters are still inconsistent.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the Russian and Aussie currents in the force gain and hypertrophy of the forearm muscles responsible for the grip. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This double-blind, prospective, randomized-controlled study included a total of 30 healthy women (mean age: 20.2±1.7 years; range, 18 to 25 years) between May 2018 and July 2018. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, n=10), Aussie current group (ACG, n=10), and Russian current group (RCG, n=10). All three groups underwent a force test with a gripping dynamometer and the collection of images of the superficial and deep flexor muscles of the fingers with diagnostic ultrasound. The CG received a fictious current stimulus, while the other two groups received the designated stimuli from their currents. Further evaluations were performed after 24 h of the 12th application of the current. RESULTS: For grip, there were no significant differences in the moment of evaluation and interaction, while the effect size yielded certain points to advantages of force gain for the group using the RCG. The thickness of the superficial muscles showed a significant difference for the first evaluation between CG and RCG (p=0.014) and between RCG and ACG (p=0.010), indicating a larger effect size for RCG. CONCLUSION: Our study results show that the Russian current is proven to be the mode which yields the most optimal results.