RESUMEN

As Australia considers legislative reform regarding the rights of religious schools to discriminate against LGBT students and staff, claims are often made that religious parents or those enrolling children in religious schools do not affirm diversity of sexuality or gender. Using a national dataset of parents (n = 2418), attitudes towards sexual orientation, gender diversity, homophobia and transphobia were examined. Across all religiosities, school sectors and attitudinal statements, significant majorities of parents reported positive attitudes (62.7%-93.5%). Only small minorities expressly reported negative attitudes (1.6%-20.2%). Pairwise religiosity comparisons between parents with children only at a secular school, versus any religious school, revealed few differences. Amongst Catholic parents, those with children at Catholic schools and those with children only at secular schools, held similar attitudes towards LGBT issues and a majority held favourable attitudes, suggesting most Catholic parents who enrol their children in Catholic schools do so despite or in ignorance of Catholic doctrine. Findings suggest a significant majority of parents sending children to religious schools hold supportive attitudes towards diverse sexual orientations, gender diversity, and actions to address homophobia and transphobia. This empirical evidence contradicts religious schools' calls for the rights to discriminate against LGBT persons based on parental values and attitudes.

RESUMEN

Chronic physical illnesses (CPI) are highly prevalent among people with serious mental illnesses (PWSMI) yet people in this population experience significant challenges accessing healthcare. This study utilised a constructivist grounded theory approach to collect and analyse data related to the enablers and barriers to public healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with fifty-seven participants comprising PWSMI &CPI and their caregivers, health policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses. Enablers and barriers to healthcare access were represented using a socio-ecological model consisting of five levels: wider society, health system, clinician, family and community, and individual. Jamaica's free public healthcare system was the most pronounced enabler of healthcare access, while poverty, stigma, and discrimination were the most pronounced barriers. Factors such as social support, time, clinician beliefs, attitudes and training, and individual characteristics were identified as consisting of dimensions that were both enablers and barriers to healthcare access. These findings indicated that factors that influenced healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI were aligned with the social determinants of health. Improved healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI necessitates strategies that incorporate a multi-sectoral approach to address social and environmental factors influencing healthcare access across all levels of the socio-ecological model.

Asunto(s)

Teoría Fundamentada , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estigma Social , Comorbilidad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Integration of maternal mental health into primary health care is considered a strategy to improve access to mental health support in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Health care workers' (HCWs) and traditional practitioners' (traditional healers, herbalists, traditional birth attendants, spiritual healers, prophets, and community health volunteers) perceptions of the availability and management of adolescent mothers' maternal mental health care were explored in rural Malawi. Recognizing and identifying the barriers associated with access to maternal mental health support is essential to improving the mental health of adolescent mothers. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative design (DQ) was used to explore HCWs' and traditional practitioners' perceptions of maternal mental health services for adolescent mothers. In-depth interviews were conducted with HCWs (n = 6), and three focus group discussions were conducted with 30 community-based traditional practitioners. Participants were purposefully recruited because they provide formal or informal health services to adolescent mothers during the postnatal period at Mitundu Rural Hospital and its catchment area in Lilongwe District, in Malawi. Interviews were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis and inductive thinking. RESULTS: Thematic analysis found four themes to describe access to maternal mental health care for adolescent mothers. Participant perceptions were themed around health system challenges and how cultural background and beliefs influence access to mental health care and support. The themes were: (1) Inadequate staff development; (2) Limited resources (medication and infrastructure); (3) Limited policy and guidelines implementation; and (4) Cultural background and belief influence on help-seeking. HCWs suggested improving pre-service and in-service training to improve mental health assessment of mothers, while traditional practitioners wanted to increase their awareness of mental health issues. CONCLUSION: Participants emphasized that multifaceted factors influenced access to mental health support. These factors affect the assessment, treatment, and support of adolescent mothers and help-seeking by mothers. Therefore, strengthening the healthcare system and empowering providers with the knowledge and skills to recognize at-risk mothers and provide timely support is essential.

Asunto(s)

Grupos Focales , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Servicios de Salud Materna , Madres , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Malaui , Femenino , Adolescente , Madres/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Servicios de Salud Mental , Entrevistas como Asunto , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Embarazo , Personal de Salud/psicología , Adulto , Embarazo en Adolescencia/psicología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted on the risk and protective factors of youth crime. This study aims to consolidate this evidence using an umbrella review methodology. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was conducted using multiple electronic databases. Strength of associations was evaluated using quantitative umbrella review criteria, and AMSTAR was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS: Among the 58 factors identified, 11 factors were supported by highly suggestive or suggestive evidence. Evidence of association was highly suggestive (class II) for substance use (odds ratio [OR] = 2·29, 95%CI 1·58-3.01), previous history of crime (OR = 2·03, 95%CI 1·62-2·45), moral development (OR = 3·98, 95%CI 3·57-4·39), psychopathology (OR = 2·22, 95%CI 1.40-2.69), adverse childhood experiences (OR = 1·37, 95%CI = 1·36-1·38), poor parental supervision (OR = 1·85, 95%CI 1·83-1·87), maltreatment or neglect (OR = 1·34, 95%CI 1·08-1·65), attachment (OR = 1·94; 95%CI 1.93-1·95), and school bullying (OR = 2·50; 95%CI 2·03-3·08); and suggestive (class III) for peer pressure (OR = 2·11, 95%CI 2·06-2·16) and supportive school environments (OR = 0·56; 95%CI 0·55-0·57). CONCLUSION: The evidence-based atlas of key risk and protective factors identified in this umbrella review could be used as a benchmark for advancing research, prevention, and early intervention strategies for youth crime.

Asunto(s)

Crimen , Factores Protectores , Humanos , Adolescente , Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Crimen/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/prevención & control , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Metaanálisis como Asunto

RESUMEN

Introduction: The prevalence, pervasiveness, and minimization of sexual harassment and sexual assault (SHSA) within the Western Australian mining industry has been revealed in recent Australian reports and inquiries. However, there remains a gap in scholarship focusing on SHSA within the mining sector, specifically that engages with mining employees to understand this issue. Methods: This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the experiences and perspectives of Western Australian mining employees in relation to SHSA. Through qualitative research methods, stakeholders (n = 30) from various industry roles (e.g., front-line operations, administrative staff) participated in semi-structured interviews. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results: The study revealed diverse perspectives of SHSA among participants, highlighting how this issue is understood, addressed, and discussed within the workplace. While some participants recognized positive shifts in workplace culture, it became apparent that additional efforts are needed to tackle the underlying and persistent factors that contribute to sexism, misogyny, and, ultimately, SHSA. Participants shared their perspectives regarding strategies and initiatives that could effectively combat SHSA within the industry. Discussion: This study constitutes a significant contribution to the limited body of research on SHSA in the Western Australian mining sector, offering valuable insights and recommendations for future prevention initiatives.

Asunto(s)

Minería , Investigación Cualitativa , Delitos Sexuales , Acoso Sexual , Humanos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Australia Occidental , Adulto , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge of ovulation and menstruation of adolescent females in Western Australia. METHODS: A validated adolescent ovulatory menstrual health literacy questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional study, which included an open-response question inviting participants' reflections. RESULTS: Participants (n=297) were from two single sex and seven co-educational schools of varied socio-educational advantage. Mean chronological age was 15 years and mean gynaecological age was two years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 69%. Primary sources of information included mothers (91%), friends (61%) and, for post-menarcheal participants (n=274), mobile applications (52%). Most adolescents enjoyed finding out information about ovulatory menstrual health, and understood the information given to them. However, participants' knowledge of ovulation, menstruation and their occurrence in the cycle were low. Attendance at a single sex or Catholic school or use of mobile applications did not confer a knowledge advantage overall (p<0.05), except for knowing the meaning of cervical mucus. Thematic content analysis of open-ended responses resulted in five themes, including normality, menstrual flow, charting, ovulation and dysmenorrhoea. CONCLUSION: Inadequate functional ovulatory menstrual health literacy hampers progression to acquiring complete health literacy. This has negative implications for progressing towards the interactive and critical ovulatory menstrual health literacy domains, which include providing an accurate menstrual history when engaging with healthcare providers.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Mandates provide a relatively cost-effective strategy to increase vaccinate rates. Since 2014, five Australian states have implemented No Jab No Play (NJPlay) policies that require children to be fully immunised to attend early childhood education and childcare services. In Western Australia, where this study was conducted, NJNPlay legislation was enacted in 2019. While most Australian families support vaccine mandates, there are a range of complexities and unintended consequences for some families. This research explores the impact on families of the NJNPlay legislation in Western Australia (WA). METHODS: This mixed-methods study used an online parent/carer survey (n = 261) representing 427 children and in-depth interviews (n = 18) to investigate: (1) the influence of the NJNPlay legislation on decision to vaccinate; and (2) the financial and emotional impacts of NJNPlay legislation. Descriptive and bivariate tests were used to analyse the survey data and open-ended questions and interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to capture the experience and the reality of participants. RESULTS: Approximately 60% of parents intended to vaccinate their child. Parents who had decided not to vaccinate their child/ren were significantly more likely to experience financial [p < 0.001] and emotional impacts [p < 0.001], compared to those who chose to vaccinate because of the mandate. Qualitative data were divided with around half of participants supporting childhood immunisation and NJNPlay with others discussing concerns. The themes (a) belief in the importance of vaccination and ease of access, (b) individual and community protection, and (c) vaccine effectiveness, safety and alternatives help understand how parents' beliefs and access may influence vaccination uptake. Unintended impacts of NJNPlay included: (a) lack of choice, pressure and coercion to vaccinate; (b) policy and community level stigma and discrimination; (c) financial and career impacts; and (d) loss of education opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Parents appreciation of funded immunisation programs and mandates which enhance individual and community protection was evident. However for others unintended consequences of the mandate resulted in significant social, emotional, financial and educational impacts. Long-term evidence highlights the positive impact of immunisation programs. Opinions of impacted families should be considered to alleviate mental health stressors.

Asunto(s)

Actitud Frente a la Salud , Salud Infantil , Política de Salud , Programas de Inmunización , Padres , Cobertura de Vacunación , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Cuidado del Niño/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Infantil/legislación & jurisprudencia , Toma de Decisiones , Educación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Educación/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/economía , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Política de Salud/economía , Política de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Programas de Inmunización/legislación & jurisprudencia , Padres/psicología , Seguridad del Paciente , Prejuicio , Investigación Cualitativa , Estigma Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Cobertura de Vacunación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Australia Occidental

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite the extensive benefits associated with the provision of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within a school context, many initial teacher training programs inadequately prepare pre-service teachers to deliver this content. Programs that do provide such instruction do not routinely share details of their curriculum, syllabi, or evaluation data. METHODS: This paper outlines the structure of an Australian undergraduate course for pre-service teachers that focuses on instruction in CSE. This course spans twelve teaching weeks, aligns with evidence-based principles for sexuality education, prioritises experiential learning and requires students to complete authentic, practical assessment tasks. Formative, process, and short-term impact evaluation data, based upon five years of delivery, are described. RESULTS: Students completing this course reported statistically significant improvements in attitudes associated with CSE and comfort in facilitating all domains of learning (knowledge, attitudes, skills). CONCLUSIONS: Positive process and short-term impact data provide strong evidence for the provision of CSE to pre-service teachers, regardless of future teaching speciality. Proposed amendments include the creation of a fully online tuition pattern and an expansion of content to incorporate other audiences, such as community-based educators.

Asunto(s)

Curriculum , Educación Sexual , Humanos , Australia , Masculino , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Femenino , Maestros/psicología , Formación del Profesorado , Enseñanza , Adulto

RESUMEN

The Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign aims to improve population mental well-being. Based on a social-franchising model, partnerships are sought with organizations offering 'mentally healthy activities' that foster social connectedness and mental well-being. There are four categories of partner organizations sought: Site (government agencies and health services), Associate (organizations with state-wide or national services), Community (local, grass-roots community groups) and Schools. This research explored organizational perceptions of the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program. A purposive sample of 14 organizational representatives across all four partner categories participated in semi-structured interviews online or face-to-face between July and September 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (a) A passion for promoting mental health; (b) Implementation, innovation, adaption and creation (e.g. the ability to adapt, create and deliver activities aligned with the campaign message; and (c) Future sustainability (e.g. recommendations for the sustainability of the programme). The use of reflexive thematic analysis enabled deeper insights into the complexity of the partnerships. Findings describe how the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program supports mutually desirable objectives and extends the campaign reach. Embedded in a shared belief system that incorporates a passion for good mental health, the model supports the flexibility to adapt, create and deliver fit-for-purpose activities that promote mental well-being in the places where people live, work and play.

Asunto(s)

Estado de Salud , Salud Mental , Humanos , Australia Occidental , Emociones , Promoción de la Salud

RESUMEN

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (waria) in Indonesia experience stigma and discrimination. The prevalence of stigma and discrimination experienced by 416 MSM and waria living in Bali, Indonesia and associations with socio-demographic characteristics are described. High levels of stigma were reported by 50.5% of MSM and 62.7% of waria. Discrimination was reported by 35.5% of MSM and 72.4% of waria. Family rejection, or no family awareness of MSM status, equated to higher levels of stigma compared to those where MSM status was accepted. Homosexual and bisexual waria reported lower odds of experiencing stigma compared to heterosexual waria. MSM who were not single were twice as likely to experience discrimination compared to single participants. Non-Hindu MSM were nearly three times as likely to experience discrimination compared to Hindu participants. Waria who were studying were less likely to experience discrimination compared to those who reported regular employment jobs. Specific policy and practice to reduce experiences of stigma and/or discrimination specific to MSM and waria are needed.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por VIH , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Personas Transgénero , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Homosexualidad Masculina , Indonesia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Estigma Social

RESUMEN

ISSUE ADDRESSED: The COVID-19 pandemic has seen evidence and advice evolve quickly. Since the start of the pandemic there has been confusion and concern about breastfeeding and COVID-19, and advice for this group has at times been contradictory. The volume of information on social media has exacerbated this. This study aimed to understand breastfeeding-related COVID-19 information sharing on social media during the global and Australian vaccine roll-out. METHODS: The CrowdTangle platform was used to source data from December 2020 to December 2021. Posts were categorised to intent and source and mapped to a timeline of pandemic-related events and announcements. Descriptive analysis was used to understand data distribution patterns and qualitative analysis for post-intent. RESULTS: A total of 945 posts were included. Post-interactions ranged from 0 to 6500. Vaccine-related posts were the highest in number and increased over time. Non-profit organisations shared the highest number of posts (n = 241), but interactions were highest with personal and government accounts. Peaks in posts and interactions mapped to key pandemic-related announcements and events. CONCLUSION: These results describe the breastfeeding and COVID-19 related content shared on Facebook over 13 months, and the associated interactions. Breastfeeding is an important public health issue and breastfeeding women have experienced conflicting and confusing breastfeeding-related information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Better understanding of social media usage, and the monitoring of changes in usage, as an emergency unfolds, can help target communications. This article adds to the evidence in understanding user reactions to COVID-19 related breastfeeding information on social media. SO WHAT?: Social listening is an important part of health communication and infodemic management. Understanding how users react to and engage with COVID-19 related breastfeeding information on social media can help to understand how the general public perceives and responds to health advice and other information being shared.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Comunicación en Salud , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Vacunas , Femenino , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Pandemias , Lactancia Materna , Australia , Comunicación en Salud/métodos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: People with comorbid mental illness (MI) and chronic physical illness (CPI) face a range of health and quality of life challenges. The appropriate screening and management of comorbid MI and CPI are crucial to improving outcomes for this population. Despite this, there is a dearth of research exploring the health system response to the screening and management of patients with these comorbidities in public primary care settings, in several jurisdictions including Jamaica. This study explored and described the attitudes, perspectives, experiences, and practices of policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses regarding screening and management of comorbid MI and CPI. METHOD: Twenty-nine participants representing policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses took part in semi-structured interviews. Data was collected over the period April to November 2020 and subject to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three overarching themes emerged from the data related to: 1) Policies and Protocols; 2) Clinical Practice; and 3) Personnel. The interplay of these themes illustrated fragmentation and gaps between national policies and guidelines and clinical practice. The findings also identified factors related to personnel, including barriers that limit clinicians' abilities to adequately screen and manage this patient population. CONCLUSION: There is a need for the continued development and revision of policies and protocols that support integrated care for patients with comorbid MI and CPI in primary care settings in Jamaica. Additionally, programs and strategies to improve clinicans knowledge, skills and access to resources are necessary to help them offer improved quality of care around screening and management for this patient population.

Asunto(s)

Trastornos Mentales , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/complicaciones , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Salud Mental , Comorbilidad , Investigación Cualitativa

RESUMEN

Australia has a long history of population-based immunisation programs including legislations. This paper reports on a review of evaluations of the impact of the federal No Jab No Pay (NJNPay) and state implemented No Jab No Play (NJNPlay) legislations on childhood immunisation coverage and related parental attitudes. Five databases were searched for peer-review papers (Medline (Ovid); Scopus; PsycInfo; ProQuest; and CINAHL). Additional searches were conducted in Google Scholar and Informit (Australian databases) for grey literature. Studies were included if they evaluated the impact of the Australian NJNPay and/or NJNPlay legislations. Ten evaluations were included: nine peer-review studies and one government report. Two studies specifically evaluated NJNPlay, five evaluated NJNPay, and three evaluated both legislations. Findings show small but gradual and significant increases in full coverage and increases in catch-up vaccination after the implementation of the legislations. Full coverage was lowest for lower and higher socio-economic groups. Mandates are influential in encouraging vaccination; however, inequities may exist for lower income families who are reliant on financial incentives and the need to enrol their children in early childhood centres. Vaccine refusal and hesitancy was more evident among higher income parents while practical barriers were more likely to impact lower income families. Interventions to address access and vaccine hesitancy will support these legislations.

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Cobertura de Vacunación , Vacunación , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Australia , Inmunización , Renta

RESUMEN

In rural Malawi, adolescent mothers represent 31% of pregnancies. While some adolescent mothers experience motherhood as an exciting, positive, and affirming experience, for others, it may increase their risk of postnatal depression (PND). Social norms and culture contribute to adolescent mothers' experiences and may influence their mental health. However, there is limited research around the prevalence of PND and its cultural influences among adolescent mothers. A cross-sectional survey was administered from 7th September 2021 to 31st March 2022. Three hundred and ninety-five adolescent postnatal mothers aged ≤19 were conveniently recruited at Mitundu hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depression. A cutoff point of ≥ 10 was employed to categorize probable PND. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depression. The mean age of participants was 17 (SD 1.157). and 43.6% (n = 172) presented with PND (EPDS scores ≥10). When all factors were considered in a binary logistic model, adolescents who had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) were 13.6 times more likely to report PND after controlling for age and other predictors compared to those without an experience of IPV (aOR 13.6, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.10-88.9). Participants whose families did not decide for them (regarding their care) were 2.3 times more likely to present with PND than those whose families decided for them (aOR 2.3 p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.04-5.2). Adolescent mothers who had interacted with their health worker were less likely to report PND than those who had no interaction with the health worker (aOR 0.4 P0.02, CI 0.17-0.67). Social and cultural factors can impact mental health of adolescent mothers. It is recommended that targeted and integrated interventions are developed, implemented. and evaluated. There is a need to improve policy and practice to better support adolescent mothers postnatally.

RESUMEN

There is a high prevalence of ovulatory menstrual (OM) dysfunctions among adolescents, and their menstrual health literacy is poor. The OM cycle can be used as a personal health monitor provided that the skills to understand it are correctly taught. My Vital Cycles®, a holistic school-based OM health literacy program, was trialed with a Grade 9 cohort in one single-sex school in Western Australia using the Health Promoting School framework. A validated OM health literacy questionnaire was administered pre- and post-program with 94 participants. Functional OM health literacy improved overall, with 15 out of 20 items showing improvement post-program (p < 0.05). In addition, 19 out of 53 items for interactive OM health literacy, and 18 out of 25 items for critical OM health literacy improved (p < 0.05). The improvement in mood concerns (p = 0.002) was unexpected. Thematic analysis of three focus groups of 18 girls revealed four themes of increasing comfort levels; finding the program informative; inclusion of non-teaching support such as healthcare professionals; and suggestions for future refinements. Overall, this Western Australian PhD project which developed and trialed My Vital Cycles® improved OM health literacy and was positively received. Future research possibilities include understanding the program's impact on mental health and further trials in co-educational settings; amongst different populations; and with extended post-program testing.

Asunto(s)

Alfabetización en Salud , Menstruación , Femenino , Adolescente , Humanos , Australia , Instituciones Académicas , Ciclo Menstrual

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review identifies evidence for design, models and evaluation of integrated care service provision for families and children in the first 2000 days, in the context of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services. DESIGN: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs scoping review method. DATA SOURCES: Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Grey literature used a manual search of original articles, and snowball technique to identify government and policy documents relevant to Australia. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Inclusion criteria were 'population' of prebirth to age 5; 'concept' of design, models and delivery of integrated specialist care for children and families; and 'context' of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and free text searches were conducted in electronic database sources. Limits January 2010 to October 2022, full text, English language, human. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted independently by two authors using a piloted data extraction table and presented in table and narrative form. RESULTS: Full text of 11 articles were reviewed, domains were coded using four domains of a framework identified in one reviewed article to maintain consistency of reporting; 'governance,' 'leadership,' 'organisational culture and ethos,' and 'front-line interdisciplinary practice.' A fifth domain was identified, 'access.' CONCLUSIONS: Services providing integrated care for families in the early years will ideally be based on values generated through codesign with families and the community. Considerations include sound governance and leadership, shared vision, and commitment to providing accessible and culturally safe family-centred care.

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Servicios de Salud Comunitaria , Modelos Teóricos , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Escolaridad , Australia , Bases de Datos Factuales

RESUMEN

This study aimed to face validate an adolescent ovulatory menstrual (OM) health literacy questionnaire and to measure reliability by test-retest. Draft questions from an earlier content validation were adjusted following face validity assessment with 28 adolescents. Test-retest reliability was assessed by 89 adolescents aged 14-18 years over a two-week period across four school sites. The mean levels of agreement recorded from the critical, interactive and functional health literacy domains were 83%, 74% and 68%, respectively. There were 44 out of 74 items with Kappa statistics >0.40. The questionnaire has confirmed face validity and adequate test-retest reliability for assessing adolescent OM health literacy.

Asunto(s)

Alfabetización en Salud , Humanos , Adolescente , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Menstruación , Instituciones Académicas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The support of her infant's father is one of the most important factors influencing a mother's breastfeeding success, and an increasing number of interventions are targeted towards fathers. Engaging fathers as agents to influence a maternal behavior is potentially problematic, yet few studies report on maternal experiences. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore mothers' perspectives of their partners' use of Milk Man, a father-focused breastfeeding smartphone app, and the acceptability of this approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New mothers (N = 459) whose partners had access to the app completed a questionnaire at six weeks postpartum. These data were used to determine knowledge, use and perspectives of the app. A sentiment analysis was conducted on responses to an open-ended question seeking maternal perspectives of the app. RESULTS: Just over a quarter of mothers (28%) had been shown something from the app, and 37% had discussed something from Milk Man with their partner. There were 162 open-ended responses related to mothers' perspectives of the app. Relevant responses (n = 129) were coded to an overall sentiment node and then to a total of 23 child nodes (sub-nodes). Most comments were positive (94), with a smaller number either negative (25) or neutral (21). Negative comments related to the usability of the app and not its intent or content. CONCLUSION: Mothers found the father-focussed breastfeeding app to be acceptable. When designing interventions targeting one group to affect the behaviour of another, inclusion of measures to gain the perspectives of both should be seen as an imperative.

Asunto(s)

Lactancia Materna , Aplicaciones Móviles , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Niño , Humanos , Madres , Leche Humana , Padre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore stressors among young university students. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine 18- to 25-year-old university students. METHOD: Four focus group discussions (n = 29) were conducted to explore mental health and stressors among domestic and international university students. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify emerging themes and relationships. RESULTS: Five primary stressors emerged from the data: Balance, Interpersonal Relationships, Future Prospects, Performance Pressure and Financial Issues and Employment. Although many distinct relationships were identified between themes, "Balance" affected and influenced most other stressors. CONCLUSIONS: Five stressors were identified, most of which related to a lack of balance and time-management. Too many competing commitments and difficulty prioritizing were key influences. Interventions and policy to address stressors in students may reduce student psychological stress. Universities can provide support for students to prioritize commitments, provide flexible study opportunities and offer financial guidance.