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For the first time, dendrimers based on thiacalix[4]arenes bearing imidazolium dendrons on one side and alkyl fragments on another side of the macrocyclic platform and symmetrical dendrimers with four dendrons on both sides were synthesized. Dendrons consist of gallic acid-based branches functionalized with imidazolium and triazolium groups. The physicochemical properties of the dendrimers such as micellar concentration (CMC), size, and solubilization capacity were measured. Novel dendrimers exhibit high binding efficiency with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) as revealed by fluorescence quenching of the DNA-EtBr complex in the presence of macrocycles. Dendrimers have been used as supports for Pd nanoparticles, which show high catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.

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New fluorescent systems for photocatalysis, sensors, labeling, etc., are in great demand. Amphiphilic ones are of special interest since they can form functional colloidal systems that can be used in aqueous solutions. A new macrocycle platform for click chemistry and its adduct with o-propargylfluoresceine was synthesized and characterized using modern physical techniques. Nanosized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) from the calixarene-fluoresceine adduct were synthesized through the solvent injection technique and well-characterized in the solution and in solid state using light-scattering and microscopy methods. The maximum fluorescence intensity of the SLNs was found to be in the pH range from 7 to 10. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency from SLNs to rhodamine 6g was found to be 97.8%. Finally, pure SLNs and the FRET system SLNs-Rh6G were tested in model photocatalytic ipso oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acid under blue LED light. The SLNs-Rh6G system was found to be the best, giving an almost qualitative phenol yield, which was shown by HPLC-UV analysis.

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The report introduces hybrid polyelectrolyte-stabilized colloids combining blue and green-emitting building blocks, which are citrate carbon dots (CDs) and [TbL]+ chelate complexes with 1,3-diketonate derivatives of calix[4]arene. The joint incorporation of green and blue-emitting blocks into the polysodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) aggregates is carried out through the solvent-exchange synthetic technique. The coordinative binding between Tb3+ centers and CD surface groups in initial DMF solutions both facilitates joint incorporation of [TbL]+ complexes and the CDs into the PSS-based nanobeads and affects fluorescence properties of [TbL]+ complexes and CDs, as well as their ability for temperature sensing. The variation of the synthetic conditions is represented herein as a tool for tuning the fluorescent response of the blue and green-emitting blocks upon heating and cooling. The revealed regularities enable developing either dual-band luminescent colloids for monitoring temperature changes within 25-50 °C through double color emission or transforming the colloids into ratiometric temperature sensors via simple concentration variation of [TbL]+ and CDs in the initial DMF solution. Novel hybrid carbon dots-terbium chelate PSS-based nanoplatform opens an avenue for a new generation of sensitive and customizable single excited dual-band nanothermometers.

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The selection of experimental conditions leading to a reasonable yield is an important and essential element for the automated development of a synthesis plan and the subsequent synthesis of the target compound. The classical QSPR approach, requiring one-to-one correspondence between chemical structure and a target property, can be used for optimal reaction conditions prediction only on a limited scale when only one condition component (e.g., catalyst or solvent) is considered. However, a particular reaction can proceed under several different conditions. In this paper, we describe the Likelihood Ranking Model representing an artificial neural network that outputs a list of different conditions ranked according to their suitability to a given chemical transformation. Benchmarking calculations demonstrated that our model outperformed some popular approaches to the theoretical assessment of reaction conditions, such as k Nearest Neighbors, and a recurrent artificial neural network performance prediction of condition components (reagents, solvents, catalysts, and temperature). The ability of the Likelihood Ranking model trained on a hydrogenation reactions dataset, (~42,000 reactions) from Reaxys® database, to propose conditions that led to the desired product was validated experimentally on a set of three reactions with rich selectivity issues.

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The synthesis of new calix[4]arenes adopting a cone stereoisomeric form bearing two or four azide fragments on the upper rim and water-soluble triazolyl amphiphilic receptors with two or four polyammonium headgroups via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction has been performed for the first time. It was found that the synthesized macrocycles form stable aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters between 150-200 nm and electrokinetic potentials about +40 to +60 mV in water solutions. Critical aggregation concentration (CAC) values were measured using a micelle method with pyrene and eosin Y as dye probes. The CAC values of tetraalkyl-substituted macrocycles 12a,b (5 µM for both) are significantly lower than those for dialkyl-substituted macrocycles 10a,b (790 and 160 µM, respectively). Premicellar aggregates of macrocycles 10a,b and 12a,b with the dye eosin Y were used for nucleotides sensing through a dye replacement procedure. It is unusual that disubstituted macrocycles 10a,b bind more effectively a less charged adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) than adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). A simple colorimetric method based on polydiacetylene vesicles decorated with 10b was elaborated for the naked-eye detection of ADP with a detection limit of 0.5 mM.

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New tetranuclear heteroleptic complexes [Er4(dbm)6(O-btd)4(OH)2] (1) and [Er4(dbm)4(O-btd)6(OH)2] (2) (O-btd = 4-hydroxo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazolate and dbm = dibenzoylmethanide) and their solvates with toluene, THF and CH2Cl2 were prepared using two synthetic approaches. The structures of the products were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Magnetic properties of 1 and 2 are in good agreement with X-ray data. The effective magnetic moment (µeff) values at 300 K for 1 and 2 corresponds to a system of 4 non-interacting Er(III) ions in the ground state 4J15/2 with g = 6/5. At ambient temperature and upon excitation with λexc = 450 nm, complexes 1 and 2 exhibit luminescence at 1530 nm, i.e. in the near infra-red (NIR) region. The luminescence intensity grows with increasing the number of the (O-btd)− ligands in the complexes. This observation suggests (O-btd)− as a new efficient antenna ligand for the lanthanide-based NIR luminescence.

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The work represents colloids of silica nanoparticles displaying fluorescent response on biorelevant compounds exemplified by phosphacoumarins and phospholipids. The luminescent properties of the colloids arise from Tb(III) complexes doped into silica nanoparticles (SNs). The noncovalent decoration of SNs by dicationic surfactant with further interfacial binding of dye anions enables to develop colloids programmed to display a substrate induced fluorescent response. The latter results from the quenching of Tb(III) centered luminescence by dye anions through dynamic mechanism and subsequent displacement of quenching anions by the non-quenching substrates from the interface of SNs. Both negative charge and hydrophobicity of substrates are the key factors affecting the selectivity of the substrate induced fluorescent response. The peculiar effects of zwitter-ionic and anionic phospholipids on the fluorescent response have been revealed. The applicability of the fluorescent procedure in the sensing of impurities in commercial phosphatidylcholine is also introduced.

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The quenching effect of dyes (phenol red and bromothymol blue) on Tb(III)-centered luminescence enables to sense the aggregation of cationic and anionic surfactants near the silica surface of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles (SN) in aqueous solutions. The Tb-centered luminescence of non-decorated SNs is diminished by the inner filter effect of both dyes. The decoration of the silica surface by cationic surfactants induces the quenching through the energy transfer between silica coated Tb(III) complexes and dye anions inserted into surfactant aggregates. Thus the distribution of surfactants aggregates at the silica/water interface and in the bulk of solution greatly affects dynamic quenching efficiency. The displacement of dye anions from the interfacial surfactant adlayer by anionic surfactants and phospholipids is accompanied by the "off-on" switching of Tb(III)-centered luminescence.

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The aggregation and cloud point behavior of Tb(III)-doped silica nanoparticles has been studied in Triton X-100 (TX-100) solutions at various concentration conditions by fluorimetry, dynamic light scattering, electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy methods. The temperature responsive behavior of nanoparticles is observed at definite concentration of TX-100, where the aggregation of TX-100 at the silica/water interface is evident from the increased size of the silica nanoparticles. The reversible dehydration of TX-100 aggregates at the silica/water interface should be assumed as the main reason of the temperature induced phase separation of silica nanoparticles. The distribution of nanoparticles between aqueous and surfactant rich phases at the phase separation conditions can be modified by the effect of additives.

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