RESUMEN

The ability of organophosphate pesticides to disturb immune function has been demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro studies, but evidence of such effects on humans remains scarce. To assess the association between organophosphate pesticides exposure and cytokine levels in Mexican flower workers, a cross-sectional study was carried out. A questionnaire was provided to 121 male flower workers, and urine and blood samples were collected. Using gas chromatography, urinary concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites were determined. The serum cytokine levels, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, were measured using multiplex analysis, and levels of INF-γ and TNF-α by ELISA. We found that a higher dialkylphosphate concentration decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ (ß = -0.63; 95 % CI: -1.22, -0.05), TNF-α (ß= -1.18; 95 % CI: -2.38, 0.02), and IL-6 (ß= -0.59; 95 % CI: -1.29, 0.12), and increased IL-10 (ß=0.56; 95 % CI: 0.02, 1.09), the main anti-inflammatory cytokine, suggesting an imbalance of the immune response in flower workers.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Exposición Profesional , Plaguicidas , Humanos , México , Masculino , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Adulto , Citocinas/sangre , Plaguicidas/orina , Plaguicidas/sangre , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Flores , Adulto Joven , Compuestos Organofosforados/orina , Organofosfatos/orina , Organofosfatos/sangre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Occupational exposure to pesticides is a known risk for disrupting cellular immune response in flower workers due to their use of multiple chemical products, poor work conditions, and inadequate protection. Recently, the analysis of pesticide use patterns has emerged as an alternative to studying exposure to mixtures of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to different patterns of pesticide use and the cytokine profile of flower workers in the State of Mexico and Morelos, Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a population of 108 flower workers. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokines were analyzed by means of multiplex analysis, and TNF-α and IFN-γ using an ELISA test. Pesticide use patterns were generated by principal components analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that certain patterns of pesticide use, combining insecticides and fungicides, were associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that pesticides may possess immunotoxic properties, contributing to increased inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.

Asunto(s)

Exposición Profesional , Plaguicidas , Humanos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Citocinas , Estudios Transversales , México/epidemiología , Interleucina-6 , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Flores/química

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet may influence this association. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and dietary patterns using a proinflammatory index. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with school-aged children. We quantified the relative abundance (RA) of A. muciniphila in feces using a polymerase chain reaction. We collected dietary information through employing a food frequency questionnaire and generated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. We generated a proinflammatory index from serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin validated by receptor operating characteristic curves. We evaluated the association between A. muciniphila and the proinflammatory index using logistic regression, including an interaction term with dietary patterns. RESULTS: We found that children with a low RA of A. muciniphila and a high intake of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats had increased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. However, when the consumption of this dietary pattern is low, children with a low RA of A. muciniphila had decreased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the simultaneous presence of A. muciniphila and diet have a more significant impact on the presence of being high on the proinflammatory index compared to both factors separately.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Persistent gut microbiota (GM) imbalance has been associated with metabolic disease development. This study evaluated the mediating role of waist circumference in the association between GM and insulin resistance (IR) in children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 533 children aged between 6 and 12. The anthropometry, metabolic markers, and relative abundance (RA) of five intestinal bacterial species were measured. Path coefficients were estimated using path analysis to assess direct, indirect (mediated by waist circumference), and total effects on the association between GM and IR. RESULTS: The results indicated a positive association mediated by waist circumference between the medium and high RA of S. aureus with homeostatic model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and for insulin resistance adiponectin-corrected (HOMA-AD). We found a negative association mediated by waist circumference between the low and medium RA of A. muciniphila and HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Finally, when we evaluated the joint effect of S. aureus, L. casei, and A. muciniphila, we found a waist circumference-mediated negative association with HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. CONCLUSIONS: Waist circumference is a crucial mediator in the association between S. aureus and A. muciniphila RA and changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD scores in children.

RESUMEN

Gut microbiota is associated with the development of metabolic disorders. To study its association with childhood obesity, we performed a cross-sectional study with 46 children (6-12 years old). We collected fecal samples, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and anthropometric measurements. Shotgun metagenomics were used to obtain the microbial taxonomic diversity and metabolic potential. We identified two dietary profiles characterized by complex carbohydrates and proteins (pattern 1) and saturated fat and simple carbohydrates (pattern 2). We classified each participant into normal weight (NW) or overweight and obese (OWOB) using their body mass index (BMI) z-score. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and alpha diversity were not different between the BMI groups. Genera contributing to beta diversity between NW and OWOB groups included Bacteroides rodentium, B. intestinalis, B. eggerthii, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Eubacterium sp., and Roseburia sp. B. rodentium was associated with lower BMI and dietary pattern 1 intake. Eubacterium sp. and Roseburia sp. were associated with BMI increments and high consumption of dietary pattern 2. Methane and energy metabolism were found enriched in under-represented KEGG pathways of NW group compared to OWOB. Complex dietary and microbiome interaction leads to metabolic differences during childhood, which should be elucidated to prevent metabolic diseases in adolescence and adulthood.

RESUMEN

Prostate cancer (PC) is a polygenic disease with broad differences across ethnicities. BRCA1/2 and VDR have exhibited a featured genetic contribution to PC development in European populations. Nonetheless, its contribution in Latino populations specifically among Mexican men, where 70% of PC cases are detected in advanced stages, is still unknown. The contribution of seven polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 and VDR genes to PC susceptibility was evaluated in 370 incident PC cases and 759 age-matched (±5 years) controls belonging to the Mexican population. Based on Gleason score at diagnosis, PC cases were classified as well-differentiated PC (Gleason <7) and moderate or poorly differentiated PC (Gleason ≥7). Age at diagnosis was used to divided PC cases in earlier (<60 years) and late-onset PC (≥60 years). Prostate and breast cancer family histories were obtained through interview. Our results provided evidences about the contribution of BRCA1-rs1799966 (ORCC genotype = 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-3.91) to the moderate or poorly differentiated PC risk, independently of the family history of prostate, breast or ovary cancer. Further, VDR-rs2238135-G allele was associated with early-onset PC (ORG allele = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.06-3.95), and marginally with moderate or poorly differentiated PC risk. The present study revealed the crucial role of BRCA1 in PC aggressiveness risk, outstanding the gender imbalance regarding the breast cancer risk in women.

Asunto(s)

Proteína BRCA1/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Seguimiento , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (ρG) between GERD symptoms severity, metabolic syndrome components, and inflammation markers in Mexican families. METHODS: Cross-sectional study which included 32 extended families resident in Mexico City. GERD symptoms severity was assessed by the ReQuest in Practice questionnaire. Heritability and genetic correlation were determined using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines software. RESULTS: 585 subjects were included, the mean age was 42 (±16.7) years, 57% were women. The heritability of the severity of some GERD symptoms was h2 = 0.27, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.34 (p-value <1.0x10-5) for acidity complaints, lower abdominal complaints, sleep disturbances, and total ReQuest score, respectively. Heritability of metabolic syndrome components ranged from 0.40 for fasting plasma glucose to 0.61 for body mass index and diabetes mellitus. The heritability for fibrinogen and C-reactive protein was 0.64 and 0.38, respectively. Statistically significant genetic correlations were found between acidity complaints and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.40); sleep disturbances and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.36); acidity complaints and diabetes mellitus (ρG = 0.49) and between total ReQuest score and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.43). The rest of metabolic syndrome components did not correlate with GERD symptoms. CONCLUSION: Genetic factors substantially explain the phenotypic variance of the severity of some GERD symptoms, metabolic syndrome components and inflammation markers. Observed genetic correlations suggest that these phenotypes share common genes. These findings suggest conducting further investigation, as the determination of a linkage analysis in order to identify regions of susceptibility for developing of GERD and metabolic syndrome.

Asunto(s)

Reflujo Gastroesofágico/genética , Herencia , Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/genética , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Ayuno , Femenino , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/epidemiología , Humanos , Inflamación , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/complicaciones , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

This article aims to evaluate the association between unhealthy behavior pattern and prevalence and incidence of high blood pressure in adolescents. Based on data from a cohort study with a baseline population of 2,813 adolescents enrolled in a public school system, the study measured the baseline prevalence and incidence of high blood pressure as a function of smoking, alcohol and illegal drug use, and physical activity. These variables were used to build a model called "unhealthy behavior pattern", and its relationship was evaluated in relation to high blood pressure in adolescents, using multiple logistic regression models. Prevalence of high blood pressure was 8.67%. Accumulated incidence of high blood pressure was 7.58%. In the multivariate analysis of high blood pressure adjusted by degree of adiposity, there was an association with the unhealthy behavior pattern in males (OR = 3.13; 95%CI: 1.67-5.84). The association between incidence of high blood pressure and unhealthy behavior pattern was observed in females (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.11-4.95). In conclusion, high blood pressure is present in the adolescent population, associated with unhealthy behaviors like smoking, alcohol and illegal drug use, and physical inactivity, independently of the degree of adiposity.

Asunto(s)

Conducta del Adolescente , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/etiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Prevalencia , Conducta Sedentaria , Fumar/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

Introduction. Increase in body weight is a gradual process that usually begins in childhood and in adolescence as a result of multiple interactions among environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between copy number variants (CNVs) in five genes and four intergenic regions with obesity in Mexican children. Methods. We studied 1423 children aged 6-12 years. Anthropometric measurements and blood levels of biochemical parameters were obtained. Identification of CNVs was performed by real-time PCR. The effect of CNVs on obesity or body composition was assessed using regression models adjusted for age, gender, and family history of obesity. Results. Gains in copy numbers of LEPR and NEGR1 were associated with decreased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and risk of abdominal obesity, whereas gain in ARHGEF4 and CPXCR1 and the intergenic regions 12q15c, 15q21.1a, and 22q11.21d and losses in INS were associated with increased BMI and WC. Conclusion. Our results indicate a possible contribution of CNVs in LEPR, NEGR1, ARHGEF4, and CPXCR1 and the intergenic regions 12q15c, 15q21.1a, and 22q11.21d to the development of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity in Mexican children.

Asunto(s)

Moléculas de Adhesión Celular Neuronal/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Obesidad Abdominal/genética , Receptores de Leptina/genética , Composición Corporal/genética , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal/genética , Niño , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , ADN Intergénico/genética , Femenino , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , México , Obesidad Abdominal/fisiopatología , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido Rho/genética , Circunferencia de la Cintura/genética

RESUMEN

El artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre el patrón de conducta no saludable sobre la prevalencia y la incidencia de la presión arterial elevada en adolescentes. A partir de la información de un estudio de cohorte con una población en la medición basal de 2.813 adolescentes del sistema de educación pública, se determinó la prevalencia (basal) e incidencia de la presión arterial elevada, junto con el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, drogas ilegales y las variables de actividad física. Con estas variables, se construyó un modelo llamado "patrón de conducta no saludable" y se evaluó su relación con la presión arterial elevada en los adolescentes, utilizando modelos de regresión logística múltiple. Entre los resultados, se observa que la prevalencia de la presión arterial elevada fue 8,67%. La incidencia acumulada de la presión arterial elevada fue 7,58%. En el análisis múltiple de la prevalencia de presión arterial elevada, ajustado por grado de adiposidad, hubo asociación con un alto patrón de conducta no saludable en el grupo de los hombres (OR = 3,13; IC95%: 1,67-5,84). La asociación de la incidencia de la presión arterial elevada y alto patrón de conducta no saludable se observa en el grupo de las mujeres, (OR = 2,34; IC95%: 1,11-4,95). Se concluye que la presión arterial elevada está presente en la población adolescente, asociado a conductas no saludables en ellos, como el tabaquismo, el alcohol, las drogas ilegales y la escasa actividad física, independientemente del grado de adiposidad.

---

This article aims to evaluate the association between unhealthy behavior pattern and prevalence and incidence of high blood pressure in adolescents. Based on data from a cohort study with a baseline population of 2,813 adolescents enrolled in a public school system, the study measured the baseline prevalence and incidence of high blood pressure as a function of smoking, alcohol and illegal drug use, and physical activity. These variables were used to build a model called "unhealthy behavior pattern", and its relationship was evaluated in relation to high blood pressure in adolescents, using multiple logistic regression models. Prevalence of high blood pressure was 8.67%. Accumulated incidence of high blood pressure was 7.58%. In the multivariate analysis of high blood pressure adjusted by degree of adiposity, there was an association with the unhealthy behavior pattern in males (OR = 3.13; 95%CI: 1.67-5.84). The association between incidence of high blood pressure and unhealthy behavior pattern was observed in females (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.11-4.95). In conclusion, high blood pressure is present in the adolescent population, associated with unhealthy behaviors like smoking, alcohol and illegal drug use, and physical inactivity, independently of the degree of adiposity.

---

O artigo objetivou avaliar a associação entre o padrão de conduta não saudável sobre a prevalência e incidência da pressão arterial elevada em adolescentes. A partir das informações de um estudo de coorte, com uma população na medição basal de 2.813 adolescentes do sistema de ensino público, foi determinada a prevalência (basal) e incidência da pressão arterial elevada, junto com o consumo de cigarro, bebidas alcoólicas, drogas ilegais e as variáveis de atividade física. Com estas variáveis, foi construído um modelo chamado "padrão de conduta não saudável" e foi avaliada sua relação com a pressão arterial elevada nos adolescentes, usando modelos de regressão logística múltipla. Entre os resultados, foi observado que a prevalência da pressão arterial elevada foi 8,67%. A incidência acumulada da pressão arterial elevada foi 7,58%. Na análise múltipla de prevalência da pressão arterial elevada, ajustado por graus de gordura, houve associação com um padrão alto de conduta não saudável no grupo dos homens (OR = 3,13; IC95%: 1,67-5,84). A associação da incidência da pressão arterial elevada e um alto padrão de conduta não saudável foram observados também no grupo das mulheres, (OR = 2,34; IC95%: 1,11-4,95). Concluímos que a pressão arterial elevada está presente na população adolescente, associada a condutas não saudáveis entre elas: o tabagismo, o álcool, as drogas ilegais e a insuficiente atividade física, independentemente do grau de gordura corporal.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta del Adolescente , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Fumar/efectos adversos , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Conducta Sedentaria , Hipertensión/etiología

RESUMEN

Background: ENSANUT 2012 showed a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 34.4% in Mexican children. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes have been reported in many populations, but their association with obesity has not been confirmed in other studies. Our aim was to determine the association of SNPs from ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes with obesity in Mexican children. Methods: A total of 2,634 children from 6 to 12 years old were enrolled in the study from four IMSS Units in Mexico City. We selected 1,469 unrelated children (745 normal weight and 724 overweight/obese). Phenotype characterization included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, insulin concentrations and presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN). Analysis of the SNPs rs182052, rs266729, rs2241766, rs822393 of ADIPOQ and rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 was carried out in the DNA samples. Results: The study showed significant differences (p <0.05) between groups in waist circumference, blood pressure, presence of AN, insulin concentrations, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and lipid parameters, being higher in obese children. No associations in ADIPOQ variants with the presence of overweight/obesity were found. The presence of the variant rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 in children had a significant association with protection of overweight/obesity (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.93, p = 0.003). Also, the log-additive model confirmed the association by codominant and dominant models (p <0.05). Conclusions: The presence of rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 variant confers protection against obesity and could be used as a marker in Mexican children.

---

Introducción: ENSANUT 2012 mostró una prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad en el 34.4% en niños mexicanos. Se han reportado polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) de los genes ADIPOQ y ADIPOR2 en varias poblaciones, pero su asociación con la obesidad ha sido controversial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la asociación de SNP de ADIPOQ y ADIPOR2 con obesidad en una muestra de niños mexicanos. Métodos: Un total de 2,634 niños de 6-12 años se inscribieron en el estudio en cuatro unidades del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en la Ciudad de México. Se seleccionaron 1,469 niños no emparentados (745 peso normal y 724 sobrepeso/obesidad). Se les tomaron medidas antropométricas, presión arterial, parámetros bioquímicos, insulina y presencia de acantosis nigricans (AN). El análisis de los SNP (rs182052, rs266729, rs2241766, rs822393 de ADIPOQ y rs11061971 de ADIPOR2) se realizó en muestras de ADN. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre los grupos en la circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial, AN, insulina, HOMA-IR, glucosa en ayunas y parámetros lipídicos siendo elevados en los niños obesos. No se encontró asociación en variantes ADIPOQ con la presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad. La presencia de rs11061971 de ADIPOR2 tuvo una asociación significativa con la protección de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR de 0.79; IC95% 0.68 a 0.93, p = 0.003). El modelo Log-aditivo confirmó la asociación de los modelos codominante y dominante (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La presencia de la variante rs11061971 de ADIPOR2 confiere protección contra la obesidad, y podría utilizarse como marcador en niños mexicanos.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: ENSANUT 2012 showed a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 34.4% in Mexican children. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes have been reported in many populations, but their association with obesity has not been confirmed in other studies. Our aim was to determine the association of SNPs from ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes with obesity in Mexican children. METHODS: A total of 2,634 children from 6 to 12 years old were enrolled in the study from four IMSS Units in Mexico City. We selected 1,469 unrelated children (745 normal weight and 724 overweight/obese). Phenotype characterization included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, insulin concentrations and presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN). Analysis of the SNPs rs182052, rs266729, rs2241766, rs822393 of ADIPOQ and rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 was carried out in the DNA samples. RESULTS: The study showed significant differences (p <0.05) between groups in waist circumference, blood pressure, presence of AN, insulin concentrations, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and lipid parameters, being higher in obese children. No associations in ADIPOQ variants with the presence of overweight/obesity were found. The presence of the variant rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 in children had a significant association with protection of overweight/obesity (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.93, p = 0.003). Also, the log-additive model confirmed the association by codominant and dominant models (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of rs11061971 of ADIPOR2 variant confers protection against obesity and could be used as a marker in Mexican children.

RESUMEN

La esclerosis múltiple es un padecimiento neurológico con participación de mecanismos fisiopatológicos de autoinmunidad e inmunodeficiencia, con rasgos variables de respuesta inmunitaria. Estos rasgos pueden generalizarse en tres grandes subgrupos: Tipo I: defecto específico de la respuesta inmunitaria: Tipo II: inmunodefíciencia que desencadena respuestas autoinmunitarias; Tipo III: respuestas mixtas, autoinmunidad concomitante con un defecto de la respuesta inmunitaria con citotoxicidad aumentada. De la comprensión de estos mecanismos de respuesta surge una explicación racional en relación con los diversos cambios inmunológicos que cursan los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple y, considerando estas hipótesis de tipo de respuesta es factible orientar la terapéutica para el logro de una mayor eficacia de la misma

Asunto(s)

Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple/inmunología