RESUMEN
AIM: Development of a reagent kit for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical material by PCR-RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During development and determination of analytical specificity and sensitivity DNA and RNA of 33 different microorganisms including 4 rubella strains were used. Comparison of analytical sensitivity of virological and molecular-biological methods was performed by using rubella virus strains Wistar RA 27/3, M-33, "Orlov", Judith. Evaluation of diagnostic informativity of rubella virus RNAisolation in various clinical material by PCR-RT method was performed in comparison with determination of virus specific serum antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: A reagent kit for the detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical material by PCR-RT was developed. Analytical specificity was 100%, analytical sensitivity - 400 virus RNA copies per ml. Analytical sensitivity of the developed technique exceeds analytical sensitivity of the Vero E6 cell culture infection method in studies of rubella virus strains Wistar RA 27/3 and "Orlov" by 11g and 31g, and for M-33 and Judith strains is analogous. Diagnostic specificity is 100%. Diagnostic specificity for testing samples obtained within 5 days of rash onset: for peripheral blood sera - 20.9%, saliva - 92.5%, nasopharyngeal swabs - 70.1%, saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs - 97%. Positive and negative predictive values of the results were shown depending on the type of clinical material tested. CONCLUSION: Application of reagent kit will allow to increase rubella diagnostics effectiveness at the early stages of infectious process development, timely and qualitatively perform differential diagnostics of exanthema diseases, support tactics of anti-epidemic regime.
Asunto(s)
Exantema/diagnóstico , Exantema/virología , ARN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Chlorocebus aethiops , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Exantema/inmunología , Exantema/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Nasofaringe/química , Nasofaringe/inmunología , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/inmunología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/fisiopatología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/virología , Virus de la Rubéola/genética , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificación , Saliva/química , Saliva/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Células Vero/virologíaRESUMEN
The details of imported case of Chesson strain of P. vivax malaria to Russian Federation (Moscow) from border areas between Myanmar and Thailand is given. It might further confirm the expansion of this strain from its original place in the Western Pacific towards other territories in the World, described in various publications.
Asunto(s)
Malaria Vivax/parasitología , Malaria Vivax/transmisión , Plasmodium vivax/fisiología , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Cloroquina/análogos & derivados , Cloroquina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Malaria Vivax/diagnóstico , Malaria Vivax/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú , Mianmar , Plasmodium vivax/efectos de los fármacos , Plasmodium vivax/patogenicidad , Primaquina/uso terapéutico , Tailandia , ViajeRESUMEN
The efficiency of P. vivax malaria treatment with delagil (chloroquine) was evaluated in 122 patients, including 82 cases in Moscow and the Moscow region. The origin of the cases was malaria endemic areas in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region, South America, and Transcaucasia. Forty other cases were imported malaria cases (secondary to imported ones), detected in Moscow and the Moscow region. Standard treatment with delagil (2.5 g) resulted in clinical improvement during 3 days in the majority of cases. Initial signs of degradation of asexual stages of P. vivax--kernels of nucleus, refinement of cytoplasm and its vacuolization, aggregation of pigment in isolated instances, its pushing out from cytoplasm--were observed after 1-2 hours after administration of delagil. Thereafter, parasite degradation was increasing, and it disappeared within 48 hours. Disappearance of fever slowed down in a few cases. However, degradation of parasites occurred during the same period among the rest of cases. It can not be excluded that fever was determined by the pyrogenic effect of remnants of degraded parasites and by the products of destroyed infected erythrocytes. It is probable that the findings of gametocytes, not completely degraded after disappearance of asexual forms in conjunction with prolonged fever, could result in a wrong conclusion of drug resistance. Negative results of microscopy and nested PCR on the last day of treatment, as well as in the following 10 days and absence of complains during 45 days, suggest the absence of resistance to delagil in P. vivax strains imported from different regions of the world. It is also probable that the literature on P. vivax resistance to chloroquine is limited to sporadic cases.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/farmacología , Cloroquina/análogos & derivados , Malaria Vivax/tratamiento farmacológico , Plasmodium vivax/efectos de los fármacos , Antimaláricos/administración & dosificación , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Cloroquina/administración & dosificación , Cloroquina/farmacología , Cloroquina/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Plasmodium vivax/aislamiento & purificación , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , ViajeAsunto(s)
Malaria/complicaciones , Malaria/terapia , Fibrosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Anciano , Animales , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Plasmodium falciparum/aislamiento & purificación , Quinina/uso terapéutico , Diálisis Renal , Respiración ArtificialRESUMEN
The primary structure of the N-gene COOH terminus of measles virus isolated, 1998-2000, in Russia's European part was investigated. The general analysis as well as an analysis of the primary gene structure showed the two group's isolates as belonging to the D4 genotype. A subsequent analysis of the primary structure of the N-gene COOH-terminus of Moscow/2002/61 isolated during the 2002 measles outbreak in Moscow also showed it as belonging to the D4 genotype. The obtained data are indicative of that the wild measles strains belonging to the D4 genotype have been recently circulating in Russia's territory.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Sarampión/epidemiología , Morbillivirus/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Genotipo , Humanos , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Morbillivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Nucleótidos/genética , Filogenia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Alineación de Secuencia , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Within 1987-1995 the authors observed 16 cases of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients which accounted for 26.7% of AIDS patients treated by them. 14 cases were diagnosed intravitally, 2 postmortem. Infiltrative, generalized, cavernous, intrathoracic lymph node, intraabdominal lymph node tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy were identified in 5, 6, 2, 1, 1 and 1 patients, respectively. 6 patients from the above are still alive and are receiving treatment (5 of them with infiltrative tuberculosis), 10 died. Tuberculosis course and outcomes in HIV-infected subjects depended on the stage of their immunodeficiency. In moderate immunodeficiency (CD4-lymphocyte > 200/mm3) tuberculosis ran, as a rule, as local and infiltrative, sensitive to specific therapy. In severe damage to immune system (CD4 < 100/mm3) tuberculosis acquired a generalized course, sometimes fulminant, resistant to treatment. It is inferred that HIV-infected subjects with immunodeficiency need tuberculosis prophylaxis with isoniazide or rifampicin.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , VIH-1 , Lectinas , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/sangre , Adulto , Antígenos CD/sangre , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/sangre , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/citología , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Hemostasis , Humanos , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Recuento de Linfocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lectina 2 Similar a Ig de Unión al Ácido Siálico , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/sangre , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/sangreRESUMEN
The presence of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome (THS) has been established in 28 patients with toxic severe diphtheria of oropharynx. In view of the leading role of platelet affection in progression of hemorrhagic disorders in diphtheria, dicinon treatment may be beneficial. THS implications in unfavourable outcome of the disease and prognostic significance of critical thrombocytopenia are considered.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/tratamiento farmacológico , Difteria/complicaciones , Hemostáticos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/sangre , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/etiología , Pruebas de Coagulación Sanguínea , Difteria/sangre , Femenino , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors studied changes in the levels of hepatic and myocardial enzymes in 89 patients with oropharyngeal diphtheria. The forms of the disease were different: carriage of the bacteria, local oropharyngeal diphtheria, toxic and subtoxic disease. Biochemical tests were also performed in 21 patients with lacunar angina. A correlation has been revealed between the intensity of fermentemia, its standing and the severity of the local lesions. Possible usage of biochemical markers is discussed for characterizing toxic diphtheria severity and prognosis of the disease.