RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term outcomes in patients after carotid endarterectomy and those who refused surgical correction and received only conservative treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 1035 carotid endarterectomies performed at the Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital and Kemerovo Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary for the period 2014-2017. Surgery was refused by 136 patients for the same time. Thus, two groups of patients were formed: 1 - carotid endarterectomy group; 2 - conservative treatment group. INCLUSION CRITERIA: significant carotid stenosis, absence of severe neurological deficit (over 25 scores by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), absence of concomitant diseases limiting long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Lethal outcome (p=0.0038) and fatal acute cerebrovascular accident (p=0.0005) were significantly more common in the 2nd group in long-term follow-up period. Thus, combined endpoint took the greatest values in patients who refused surgery compared with patients who received surgical treatment (p=0.0001). It should be noted that ischemic stroke de novo occurred in 9 (6.6%) patients of the 2nd group after 10.8 ± 2.5 months. This complication required subsequent hospitalization for carotid endarterectomy. CONCLUSION: Preventive role of carotid endarterectomy was convincingly proved in comparison with drug therapy regarding mortality and fatal ischemic stroke in patients with significant carotid stenoses within 2.5 years of follow-up period.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis Carotídea/tratamiento farmacológico , Estenosis Carotídea/cirugía , Tratamiento Conservador/mortalidad , Endarterectomía Carotidea/mortalidad , Estenosis Carotídea/complicaciones , Estenosis Carotídea/mortalidad , Tratamiento Conservador/efectos adversos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Computer-aided simulation appropriately using the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) makes it possible to determine the elevated-risk zones of most probable formation of restenosis. The main idea of the method described in our article consists in a possibility of creating by the model of the geometrical shape of the vessel and characteristics of the flow at inlets and outlets the parameters of flow in each point of a vessel. The curves of velocity are used to create the curves of pressure at inlets and outlets, which are used in a CFD model. The resulting from CFD simulation of blood flow are nonstationary three-dimensional fields of pressure and velocity in the area under study. Visual examination of the dynamics of these fields makes it possible to judge about possible problem zones inside the area of flow and on the internal wall of the vessel. This article also presents a clinical case report illustrating the use of this technique.