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There was performed the experimental work on the study of the possibility of the application of LED lighting (LED light sources) in rail transport for traffic safety in related professions. Results of 4 series of studies involving 10 volunteers for the study and a comparative evaluation of the functional state of the visual analyzer, the general functional state and mental capacity under the performing the simulated operator activity in conditions of traditional light sources (incandescent, fluorescent lamp) and the new LED (LED lamp, LED panel) light sources have revealed changes in the negative direction. This was pronounced in a some decrease of functional stability to color discrimination between green and red cone signals, as well as an increase in response time in complex visual--motor response and significant reduction in readiness for emergency action of examinees.

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On the nerve-muscle preparation of rats diaphragm muscle on different stages of postnatal development, the comparison of morphological features and functions of synaptic apparatus, including induced secretion time parameters was carried out. It was found that, along with the reduced, compared to the adult animals, area of nerve endings in the newborn the speed of the motor nerve excitation was slower, intensity of spontaneous and induced secretion of quantum fluctuations was reduced and real synaptic delays in the end plate were intense. Severe degree of acetylcholine quanta asynchronous secretion with longer open state of the ion channel in newborns synapses can compensate reduction in reliability of synaptic transmission due to a decrease of the quantal content of the postsynaptic response.

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Professionally significant functions (visual acuity, color vision and its parameters, and dark adaptation and its parameters) were determined in moderate and severe myopia before and after its excimer laser correction by the LASIK method: in early (1, 3 months) and late (6, 12 months) periods after surgery to decide where the operated persons are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway traffic safety. Sixty-one patients with moderate and severe myopia and 23 control individuals were examined at the Moscow Research and Technological Complex "Eye Surgery". The examinations have demonstrated that the values of visual acuity, color vision, and dark adaptation considerably improved. Whether the persons undergone excimer laser myopia correction are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway transport safety should be individually decided, by taking into account the postoperative recovery of professionally significant visual functions.

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While working with displays, a combination of white and yellow objects against the black, dark grey, and blue backgrounds was found to be the best in visibility. When the objects were observed against the pale grey and green backgrounds of a display, eye functional changes were minimal, which causes the authors to recommend them as the optimum backgrounds. To reduce visual fatigability when a person works on a computer requires to alternate backgrounds by using white and yellow objects against the black and blue backgrounds for short-term emergency transmissions and green and pale grey backgrounds for presenting continuous current information.

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Long exposure to small radio activity doses have no impact on the acuity of photopic and mesopic vision, on the resistance of eyes to glare, and on the rapidity of color differentiation, which remain to be at the high level that meets medical requirements for the professional abilities of locomotive workers.

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Solar flashes of 1500 to 9000 kd/m2 have been ascertained to have an adverse impact on the functional status of a visual analyzer. Comparing Russian and foreign sun-proof filters has indicated that a HC-9 neutral light-proof filter and a NIIOOIK film have the optimum light-protective properties, which may be recommended for use in the sun-proof glasses for locomotive workers.

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The values 100 to 200 lux are the most favourable levels of illumination for differentiation of red and green luminous objects. The 500-1000-lux illumination causes a considerable reduction in the visual range of red and green objects. Comparative assessment of the colour of materials used for a control desk has indicated that the colours in the mid-wave range are the best in differentiating red and green objects.

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The authors assessed occupationally significant visual functions in anisometropy varying in type and degree. Disorders of occupationally significant visual functions depend reliably on anisometropy degree. Correction of anisometropy with recovered vision and binocular functions restores all parameters of night and color vision. Optic and operative correction of anisometropy could be used for rehabilitation of railway machine operators with long length of service. The article provides recommendations to use intraocular lenses for artiphakia in railway machine operators.

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Professionally significant visual functions were examined in members of locomotive teams living and working in zones of radioactive pollution. Exposure to low-dose radiation was found to have an adverse effect on the status of visual analyzer, the degree of impairment being related to the level of radioactivity and age of the patient.

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The authors elaborated an effective method to master color vision through pigment tables. The method enables subnormal trichromats to normalize or improve colors perception and relieve existing disorders. The training course for deuteranomalopia "C" patients should comprise 8-10 procedures, that for deuteranomalopia "B" and protanopia "C" patients-11-13 procedures, that for protanopia B" patients--under 20 procedures. The effects remain at least 1 year after the course.

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The authors studied occupationally significant visual functions (vision, parameters of color and photopic vision) in patients who faced refraction surgeries correcting myopia or hypermetropia. Preoperative studies and examinations in 0.5 and 1.0-1.5 years after surgeries helped to define the period optimal for restoration and stabilization of the functions. Therefore, occupational rehabilitation is designed for those railway safety workers who faced such surgeries.

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