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The results of Doppler haemodynamic investigations in electrically burned patients are described in this paper. A comparison with other burned patients is also provided. The following differences were found between the two groups: 1. diminished compliance of the myocardium in electrically burned patients; 2. markedly elevated ejection time measured by flow time. The results remain unclear and require further long-term investigations.

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It is difficult to define all cardiac risk factors in the course of burn treatment. The adequate function of the circulatory system is the main factor in successful therapy. The aim of this study was to define, using a transoesophageal Doppler system, the cardiac circulatory risk factors of death in burn patients. One hundred and forty-seven burn patients were divided into two groups defined as survivors and non-survivors. In both groups the following haemodynamic parameters were analysed: 1. cardiac output; 2. stroke volume (SV); 3. heart rate (HR); 4. flow time (FT); 5. peak velocity; 6. average acceleration. The differential statistical significance was evidenced by analysis of SV, FT, and HR, using the ANOVA test. All the results showed that the best predictor factors for survival were SV and HR.

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The authors analyzed the concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with intracranial hypertension. For the control group an intracranial pressure (ICP) of 250 mm H2O was taken as a reference point. The concentration of MDA was determined by a method using thiobarbituric acid. In a group of children with ICP values greater than the limiting value, the concentration of malonic dialdehyde was 0.629 mmol/mg protein, while in the control group with an ICP below 250 mm H2O, this value was 0.610 mmol/mg protein. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. from the results obtained it can be concluded that the concentration of MDA, as an isolated parameter, does not constitute a good measure of intensity of the lipid peroxidation processes in central nervous system (CNS) tissues, taken as an indicator of their disintegration in cases of hydrocephalus with intracranial hypertension.

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A five-year clinical study of a boy operated in the first day of his life due to esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal lower fistula has been presented, in whom severe endogenic asthma complicated by frequent status asthmaticus developed, which required application of inhalatory anaesthetics.

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Possibility of surgical treatment of long bone shaft fracture in children with the use of POLFIX external fixator is presented. The method was employed in 17 cases treated in Children Surgery Department between 1993 and 1994. Early mobilization was possible and the treatment duration has been shortened.

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The authors of the study correlate malonic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with hydrocephalus with the values of intracranial pressure. The purpose of the study was verification of the usefulness of MDA concentration determination as an indicator of the processes of lipid peroxidation in CNS tissues in hydrocephalic children. The obtained results point out that the isolated MDA concentration is not a sufficiently precise marker of intracranial hypertension.

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The turbulent perinatal period in a neonate from a pregnancy with intrauterine death of one fetus is described. The live fetus was born in the 37th week of pregnancy after the macerated twin was delivered spontaneously. Convulsions, hypocalcemia, thrombocytopenia and enterocolitis necroticans were observed during the neonatal period.

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This paper presents preliminary estimation of clinical usefulness of isoflurane for treatment of severe cases of status asthmaticus in children and application of it as monoanesthesia in children with bronchial asthma, operated upon sudden indications. Action and metabolism of halogen ether group inhalatory anaesthetics in human organism was discussed, with special attention being paid to isoflurane and ketamine. In the cases studied (which is also confirmed by numerous clinical tests) potentialization of bronchodilatative effect of isoflurane by intravenous application of ketamine in status asthmaticus was observed. Where the results achieved was linked up with increased concentration of catecholamines and direct atonic effect on smooth muscular coat of bronchus.

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Analogously to the blood lactate levels in conditions caused by impairment of peripheral circulation the authors sought a correlation between the concentrations of lactate, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebrospinal fluid in children with hydrocephalus and the values of intracranial pressure as an important factor impairing oxygen supply to central nervous system tissues.

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Fertility potential of 135 patients who had an orchidopexy aged between 2 years 7 months and 15 years 8 months has been evaluated using semen analysis. The patients were divided into several groups taking into consideration the following criteria: (1) unilateral (112 cases) and bilateral (23 cases) orchidopexy; (2) the patient's age at the time of the operation: under 6, between 6 and 10, and over 10 years; (3) position of testes at the time of operation: abdominal, canalicular or inguinal. It has been found that increasing age at the time of unilateral orchidopexy the fraction of patients with normospermia decreases and the average number of spermatozoa both in 1 ml and in the sperm liquid as a whole goes down. In the smaller group of the bilateral orchidopexy patients the differences are not statistically significant. The beneficial effect of early operation is more clearly seen in the sub-groups of patients with the same pre-operative testicular position. Since the fertility potential is higher among the earlier operated patients, orchidopexy performed as early as possible (preferably between 1 and 2 years of age) may bring a chance to improve the results of treatment.

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The authors describe a case of an infant with hydrocephalus in whom respiratory disturbances occurred which were directly life-threatening. They present the differential diagnosis of this condition and put forward suggestions on aetiology and pathogenesis, based on the latest literature data.

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