RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Associations between the perceived social and physical environment and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen time (ST) were examined among adolescents in four European countries. METHODS: Representative samples were surveyed with standardised methodologies. Associations between environmental variables and meeting MVPA recommendations and tertiles of ST were tested in gender-specific logistic regression models. Moderation by country and country-specific relationships were also examined. RESULTS: The most consistent findings across countries were found for the significant associations between neighbourhood social environment and MVPA in both boys and girls. Significant associations with the physical environment varied more between countries and by gender. The most consistent negative associations with ST were found for the social environmental variable of having parental rules for spending time outside the home. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings provided evidence for the generalisability of the associations between environmental correlates and MVPA across four European countries. The findings show clear differences in correlates for MVPA and ST. Further research is needed to better understand the unique aspects of the social and physical environment which explain each of the two behaviours.
Asunto(s)
Ambiente , Ejercicio Físico , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Tiempo de Pantalla , Medio Social , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Autoinforme , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We present the 7-year follow-up analysis in overweight children and adolescents, who had participated originally in a randomized control trial of a lifestyle intervention. We compared them to an untreated population-based control group to demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention. METHODS: Degree of overweight (BMI-SDS) was determined in 32 overweight children (mean age 11.5 ± 1.5yrs, 65.6% females, mean BMI 23.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2) at onset of intervention (T0), end of 6-month intervention (T1), 12 months (T2) and 7 years after end of intervention (T3). A total of 76 overweight children derived from a representative national population survey served as control group. RESULTS: The participants in the intervention group reduced significantly their BMI-SDS between T0-T1 (mean ± standard deviation -0.28 ± 0.28, p < 0.001) and demonstrated no significant changes between T1-T2 (mean ± standard deviation -0.10 ± 0.34) and between T2-T3 (median +0.07; interquartile range: -0.54-0.62). BMI-SDS at T3 was significantly (p = 0.015) lower compared to T0. At T3, 46.8% of the participants in the intervention were normal-weight. The reduction in BMI-SDS between T0-T3 was significantly (p = 0.043) greater in the intervention group (median -0.26; interquartile range -0.87-0.23 BMI-SDS) compared to the control group (mean ± standard deviation -0.05 ± 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle intervention led to a significant reduction of overweight in the 7-year follow-up period. This decrease in BMI-SDS was significantly greater than the changes in BMI-SDS in a control group. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00422916).
Asunto(s)
Terapia Conductista/métodos , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Estilo de Vida , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Prevention and health promotion have to target children and adolescents. Health reporting significantly contributes to assess the needs in terms of intervention planning in children and adolescents and to plan interventions of the highest priority. In Germany, reporting on children and adolescent's health takes place at federal, federal state and regional levels. Health reporting is based on surveys or monitoring, official statistics or on other data provided by institutions and stakeholders in the health system. The nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey under the auspices of the WHO - which has been conducted every 4 years since 1982, is a further database in Germany that is representative for the 11-15-year olds girls and boys from general educational schools. In this paper, the HBSC survey will be located within the canon of the German health reporting system. A special emphasis is to describe the potential and limitations of HBSC study for health reporting and to highlight the additional value for health reporting in Germany.
Asunto(s)
Encuestas de Atención de la Salud/tendencias , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/tendencias , Evaluación de Necesidades/tendencias , Adolescente , Medicina del Adolescente/tendencias , Niño , Femenino , Predicción , Alemania , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
This paper provides an overview of the frameworks and infrastructure of health promotion in German general schools. In the context of the German "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) survey an additional survey among headmasters has been conducted between autumn 2009 and spring 2010. 276 out of 289 schools, chosen to represent Germany, participated. 273 questionnaires were analysed. In German general schools, health-promoting infrastructure and conditions have been established in general terms. Often, school health promotion takes place across different areas but tends to be limited to short-term implementation. Further research needs to be carried out in order to better document developments in health-promoting school structures and school environments. Moreover, further studies, assessing the association between school structures, school environments and intrapersonal factors of health and health behaviours, are required.
Asunto(s)
Salud Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Servicios de Salud Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Health behaviours are influenced by gender-specific conceptions and norms of the society. These conceptions and norms are changing over time. The aim of this analysis is to describe gender differences in health behaviour of adolescents and to interpret these gender differences in terms of theories of social construction.We used the national German data of the Health-Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) studies conducted in the years 2001/02, 2005/06 und 2009/10 with respect to the following health behaviours: tobacco use, binge drinking, diet, fruit and vegetable consumption, daily breakfast and physical activity. We describe the difference in frequencies between girls and boys and used a series of logistic regressions to test the significance of the gender difference in health behaviours with survey year as the predictor.There is only a small difference -between girls and boys with respect to tobacco use and binge drinking. For binge drinking girls nearly converge with the figures of boys. Relatively stable gender differences over time are existing for diet, nutrition and physical activity.From a theoretical gender perspective it might be possible that with respect to risky behaviours like tobacco use and alcohol consumption a clear gender specific connotation has changed over time. In other words risk behaviours become less important in presenting oneself as masculine. A gender sensible development of preventive interventions should consider the changes over time of gender-related -social constructions.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/tendencias , Estilo de Vida , Adolescente , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Actividad Motora , Asunción de Riesgos , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/tendencias , Valores SocialesRESUMEN
The aim of the HBSC-Study is to collect data on the physical and mental health and health behaviour of children and adolescents and to gain a deeper insight into their situation and the specific environment they grow up in. The HBSC-study is an international school-based cross-sectional survey conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The survey takes place every 4 years since 1982 and is based on a standardised protocol. In Germany the survey was first conducted in 1994 as a pilot study in North Rhine-Westphalia. The German sample is based on a random sample of classes in all public schools in Germany. 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old pupils are surveyed by means of a paper and pencil questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a broad selection of -topics, including sociodemographics, health and risk behaviours, family, school and peers. The reported trends in the supplement are based on the data from surveys in 2002 (N=5.650), 2006 (N=7.274) and 2010 (N=5.005). The representative samples for each of the survey years are defined as follows: in 2002 the data is based on information collected in 4 Federal States (Berlin, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony); in 2006 5 states define the German data file (Berlin, Hamburg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony). The data from the 2010 survey comprises data from 15 Federal States. The HBSC-data contributes towards a better understanding of the relationship between health and living conditions of young people. The papers in this supplement deliver important insights into the living context of young people and in doing this they provide important information about their health and the long-term effectiveness of public-health-measures.
Asunto(s)
Medicina del Adolescente/tendencias , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/métodos , Proyectos de Investigación , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Predicción , Alemania , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental , Condiciones Sociales/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data about the health benefits of moderately intense physical activity. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of such activity on all cause mortality in a German sample of men and women. METHODS: Physical activity during leisure time of 3742 men and 3445 women aged 30 to 69 was assessed in a baseline questionnaire from 1984 to 1986. The participants were observed during the follow up period until 1998 when a mortality follow up was conducted. RESULTS: During the follow up period, 300 women and 643 men had died. The multivariate rate ratios (RR) for the volume of lifestyle activities of moderate intensity (for example, gardening, walking, cycling) compared with sedentary lifestyle showed a clearly protective dose-response relation (p for trend <0.001) in women but not in men (p for trend 0.20). Following the recommendation for health enhancing physical activity a second analysis was conducted; 2.5 hours per week taking part in physical activity of moderate intensity decreased the relative risk of overall mortality (0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.82) and 0.90 (0.77 to 1.01) for women and men, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The volume of lifestyle activities of moderate intensity in leisure time was inversely associated with all cause mortality in women but not in men. With regard to the health enhancing physical activity recommendation as a threshold, there were favourable findings only in women.