RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to use Doppler ultrasound technology to determine whether pentoxifylline administration increased uterine blood flow in normal pregnant pony mares. Thirteen pregnant pony mares between 18 and 190 d of gestation (mean ± SEM, 101 ± 55) were utilized for the study during two trial periods. In each trial, pentoxifylline (17 mg/kg by mouth every 12h, diluted in syrup) was administered to half of the mares for 3 d, while the other mares were treated with syrup only. Doppler measurements were obtained from the right and left uterine arteries from each mare for 2 d prior to treatment and throughout the treatment period. The mean Resistivity Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Uterine Artery Diameter (D), and Total Arterial Blood Flow (TABF) from each day were compared over time and between groups. Administration of pentoxifylline did not alter uterine blood flow parameters compared with controls (values for all treatment days combined were RI: 0.517 ± 0.014 vs 0.543 ± 0.016; PI: 0.876 ± 0.048 vs 0.927 ± 0.057; D: 0.388 ± 0.018 vs 0.379 ± 0.023 cm; and TABF: 35.26 ± 7.38 vs 30.73 ± 5.29 mL/min). Uterine blood flow increased over the course of the 5 d study, irrespective of treatment, and was higher in mares of greater gestational age than in early gestational mares (RI: r(2) = 0.35; PI: r(2) = 0.37; D: r(2) = 0.66; and TABF: r(2) = 0.67 - P < 0.00001). We concluded that any immediate benefits of pentoxifylline administration in the pregnant mare were not mediated through enhanced uterine artery blood flow.
Asunto(s)
Caballos/fisiología , Pentoxifilina/administración & dosificación , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color/veterinaria , Arteria Uterina/efectos de los fármacos , Arteria Uterina/fisiología , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Animales , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Embarazo , Flujo Pulsátil/efectos de los fármacos , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/efectos de los fármacos , Arteria Uterina/diagnóstico por imagen , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Early, accurate diagnosis of ascending placentitis in mares remains a key challenge for successful treatment of the disease. Doppler ultrasonography has shown promise as a tool to diagnose pregnancy abnormalities and is becoming more available to equine clinicians. However, to date, no studies have prospectively compared this technique to standard B-mode measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP). OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study was to compare Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography for the detection of experimentally-induced ascending placentitis in mares. METHODS: Eleven healthy pony mares in late gestation were used in this study. Placentitis was induced in 6 mares between Days 280 and 295, while 5 mares served as negative controls. All mares were intensively monitored until delivery. Fetal heart rate, CTUP, uterine artery blood flow (resistance index, pulsatility index, arterial diameter and total arterial blood flow) and physical examination findings were recorded at each examination. Mares with an increased CTUP above published values were treated in accordance with published recommendations. Foals and fetal membranes were examined at birth. Ultrasonographic parameters were compared between groups using ANOVA. Foal viability and histological presence of placentitis were compared using a Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The CTUP was increased above normal in 5 of 6 inoculated mares within 3 days after inoculation (P = 0.05). The sixth inoculated mare was excluded from subsequent data analysis. Uterine artery blood flow, physical examination findings and fetal heart rate were not different between groups. Gradual increases in CTUP, arterial diameter and total arterial blood flow were detected with increasing gestational age in the control mares (P = 0.02, P = 0.00001 and P = 0.00001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The CTUP, but not uterine blood flow, was different between groups (P = 0.00001). Recorded CTUP values for control pony mares were similar to previously published values for light breed horses.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Placentarias/veterinaria , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía Doppler/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Enfermedades Placentarias/microbiología , Enfermedades Placentarias/patología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/patología , Mortinato , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/patología , Streptococcus equi , Ultrasonografía Doppler/instrumentación , Ultrasonografía Doppler/métodosAsunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística/complicaciones , Glipizida/uso terapéutico , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Fibrosis Quística/fisiopatología , Femenino , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/etiología , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Glucosuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Masculino , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Immunohistochemical studies of pancreatic tissue from patients with cystic fibrosis associated with diabetes mellitus (CFDM) show increased numbers of somatostatin secreting delta cells. To look for a possible functional correlate to this finding basal and arginine stimulated plasma somatostatin and serum C peptide concentrations in eight insulin treated patients with cystic fibrosis and eight normal male controls were measured. Mean basal somatostatin concentrations were not different in the two groups. Mean peak somatostatin concentrations were significantly higher in the group with CFDM: 11.60 pmol/l v 7.14 pmol/l in controls. Mean peak C peptide concentrations were significantly lower in the group with cystic fibrosis: 0.89 nmol/l v 4.27 nmol/l in controls. This observation provides a physiological correlate to the pathological finding of increased somatostatin content in pancreatic tissue from patients with CFDM. Selective preservation of somatostatin secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis may further complicate pancreatic endocrine insufficiencies through paracrine inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Adulto , Péptido C/sangre , Fibrosis Quística/sangre , Fibrosis Quística/complicaciones , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Páncreas/metabolismo , Somatostatina/sangreRESUMEN
Twenty-nine patients with cystic fibrosis received either cefsulodin or a reference agent (tobramycin or ticarcillin) in a randomized manner for treatment of pulmonary infections associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients ranged in age from 12 to 30 years. Their infections were classified as mild (six), moderate (16), or severe (seven). Fourteen patients received cefsulodin, 14 patients were treated with tobramycin, and one patient received ticarcillin. Significant clinical improvement was noted in the majority of patients in both groups. Adverse effects and development of laboratory abnormalities were uncommon in both groups. P. aeruginosa was not permanently eradicated from the sputum of any of the patients. Resistance as measured by disk susceptibility testing may have developed during and immediately after therapy in the cefsulodin group but not in those treated with reference agents. However, this did not appear to affect the clinical outcome. Results of the nonrandomized portion of this multicenter study, in which 46 patients were treated with cefsulodin, were similar to those for the randomized group. Thus, cefsulodin was shown to be as clinically effective as the reference agents in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis.