RESUMEN
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Participatory photography has been reported to have therapeutic benefits for participants, such as a sense of empowerment and increased self-knowledge. No known review has examined the potential of participatory photography as a therapeutic intervention in people with mental health problems. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Participatory photography can have many therapeutic benefits for people with mental health problems. It can be used to work through problematic issues, can promote a sense of empowerment and strengthen therapeutic relationships. The most significant potential drawback of the process is the ethical issues that may arise with taking photographs of identifiable people. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Participatory photography can be a helpful therapeutic intervention for some adults with mental health problems, though not all. Further research is required for the effectiveness of this intervention before it can be considered as evidence-based. ABSTRACT: Introduction Participatory photography (PP) has been reported to have therapeutic benefits for its participants, such as empowerment and critical reflection. No known review has examined this potential exclusively in people with mental health problems. Aim To identify what therapeutic benefits and limitation adults with mental health problems have experienced through PP. Method Six academic databases were systematically searched. Eleven articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were of medium to high quality. Themes were extracted using thematic analysis. Results Seven themes were identified: empowerment, mental processing, enhanced therapeutic relationships, peer support, creative expression, sense of achievement and enjoyment, and limitations. Discussion The limited evidence base prevents firm conclusions. PP projects higher in personal relevance and intensity were linked with the greater therapeutic benefits. Most identified themes are supported by the wider literature on PP. The limitations indicate that PP is not suitable for all and requires adaptation for individuals and the potential seriousness of ethical issues. Implications for practice Participatory photography can be a helpful therapeutic intervention for some adults with mental health problems, though not all. Further research is required to develop the limited evidence base, particularly quantitative research that would enable comparisons to be made with other interventions.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Enfermos Mentales , Fotograbar , Rehabilitación Psiquiátrica , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) delivers air at a high flow, which is associated with airway mucosal drying and impaired airway functioning. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of mechanical ventilation parameters on relative humidity and absolute humidity during NPPV, and to evaluate the effect of a heated passover humidifier on relative humidity, absolute humidity, and ventilator performance during NPPV. METHODS: We performed a bench study to assess the effects of inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) of 10 cm H(2)O, 15 cm H(2)O, and 20 cm H(2)O, respiratory rates of 12 breaths/min and 24 breaths/min, and inspiratory-expiratory ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 on relative and absolute humidity. The measurements were obtained on room air and with a heated humidifier at medium and maximum heater settings. RESULTS: Without humidification, the relative humidity in the NPPV circuit (range 16.3-26.5%) was substantially lower than the ambient relative humidity (27.6-31.5%) at all ventilatory settings. Increasing the IPAP decreased the relative humidity (Spearman's rho = 0.67, p < 0.001). Changing the respiratory rate or inspiratory-expiratory ratio had no significant effect. Both relative and absolute humidity increased with humidification, and the air was fully saturated at the maximum heater setting. Delivered IPAP was reduced by 0.5-1 cm H(2)O during humidification. CONCLUSIONS: NPPV delivers air with a low relative humidity, especially with high inspiratory pressure. Addition of a heated humidifier increases the relative and absolute humidity to levels acceptable for nonintubated patients, with minimal effect on delivered pressure. Consideration should be given to heated humidification during NPPV, especially when airway drying and secretion retention are of concern.