RESUMEN
Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.
Asunto(s)
Agua Dulce , Sedimentos Geológicos , Lluvia , Clima Tropical , Animales , Atmósfera , Bolivia , Diatomeas , Perú , Plancton , Temperatura , TiempoRESUMEN
57 infants and small children (9 months - 3.1 years) were orally immunized by an inactivated influenza vaccine (Mississippi 1/85; dosage: 110 micrograms HA); the control group (n = 15) received placebo. After three months the influenza specific Ig-concentrations of serum and secretions demonstrated a controverse course: Specific IgG (serum) decreased and specific IgA (nasale secretions) increased statistically significant (p less than 0.025), especially in children suffering from frequently relapsing respiratory infections (n = 31). Moreover the immunized children had also a better clinical outcome in the following 3 months: the number of days with cough, febrile symptoms and the antibiotics therapy were significantly decreased. Recommendations are given for an improvement of the orale influenza vaccine and its indicated administration in small children.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/biosíntesis , Guarderías Infantiles , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Infecciones Oportunistas/prevención & control , Administración Oral , Preescolar , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/deficiencia , Lactante , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Factores de Riesgo , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Sixteen patients less than 3 months of age underwent closed transventricular pulmonary valvotomy for critical pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum. There were 14 survivors; the 2 deaths were unrelated to the technique. Early and late results reveal good hemodynamics in all but 1 patient who underwent open valvotomy four years later for restenosis. We have used this technique exclusively, as it is safe, requires little preparation for operative relief in the very sick infant, and the early and late results are excellent.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/cirugía , Válvula Pulmonar/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Métodos , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/congénito , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
An aorticopulmonary septal defect (APSD) results from failure of proper conotruncal separation. The hemodynamic consequences of this lesion closely resemble that of other large left-to-right shunt defects, especially a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Failure to differentiate these 2 abnormalities has not infrequently led to an inappropriate surgical approach in pursuit of the far more common PDA. This report describes the two-dimensional echocardiographic (2-DE) recognition of an APSD in 2 premature infants. Survival of these delicate neonates indicates that successful surgery can be performed even in small infants. A thorough 2-DE examination for an APSD is recommended for any infant before proceeding to surgery for a suspected PDA, especially when cardiac catheterization has not been performed.
Asunto(s)
Aorta/anomalías , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/diagnóstico , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/cirugía , Humanos , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
The technique we currently use for repair of complete atrioventricular canal requires 2 separate patches for closure of the atrial and ventricular portion of the defect. The common AV valve is left undivided and is sandwiched between these 2 patches. The cleft in the anterior mitral leaflet is left unsutured to create a trileaflet mitral valve. This technique has been employed in 10 patients (Type C: 9 patients; Type A: one patient; ages: 6 months to 4 1/2 years).
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/cirugía , Puente Cardiopulmonar , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/prevención & control , Técnicas de SuturaRESUMEN
The major advance in the management of valvular heart disease over the past twenty years has been due to prosthetic valve operation. The bioprostheses have good hemodynamic function and a low rate of thromboembolism although the long-term durability is unknown. In this series of 25 patients with 27 valves implanted over five years, there was an 9% early mortality and a 12% late mortality. There have been no thromboembolic episodes. Primary valvular dysfunction requiring operation occurred in 7.4% (2 out of 27). All surviving patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II.