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1.
Clin Cancer Res ; 26(7): 1725-1735, 2020 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31732522

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Immune components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been associated with disease outcome. We prospectively evaluated the association of an immune-related gene signature (GS) with clinical outcome in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor samples from two phase III studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The GS was prospectively validated using an adaptive signature design to optimize it for the sample type and technology used in phase III studies. One-third of the samples were used as "training set"; the remaining two thirds, constituting the "test set," were used for the prospective validation of the GS. RESULTS: In the melanoma training set, the expression level of eight Th1/IFNγ-related genes in tumor-positive lymph node tissue predicted the duration of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the placebo arm. This GS was prospectively and independently validated as prognostic in the test set. Building a multivariate Cox model in the test set placebo patients from clinical covariates and the GS score, an increased number of melanoma-involved lymph nodes and the GS were associated with DFS and OS. This GS was not associated with DFS in NSCLC, although expression of the Th1/IFNγ-related genes was associated with the presence of lymphocytes in tumor samples in both indications. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that expression of Th1/IFNγ genes in the TME, as measured by this GS, is associated with clinical outcome in melanoma. This suggests that, using this GS, patients with stage IIIB/C melanoma can be classified into different risk groups.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Melanoma/patología , Células TH1/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Células TH1/metabolismo , Transcriptoma
2.
Breast ; 49: 202-209, 2020 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31869767

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are frequently overexpressed in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TAAs in breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 250 selected invasive breast cancers including 50 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (Luminal B like), 50 triple-negative (TN), 50 ER-positive lobular type, 50 ER- and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive (Luminal A like) and 50 cerbB2-positive breast cancers, were assessed for New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), Wilms tumor antigen (WT-1) and PReferentially expressed Antigen of MElanoma (PRAME) antigen expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: A significantly higher expression of cancer testis (CT)-antigens NY-ESO-1 and WT-1 antigen was detected in TN breast cancers compared with ER-positive tumors. NY-ESO-1 overexpression (score 2 + and 3+) assessed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was detected in 9 (18%) TN cancers as compared to 2 (4%) ER-positive tumors (p = 0.002). WT1 over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was confirmed in 27 (54%) TN tumor samples as compared to 6 (12%) ER-positive (p < 0.0001). PRAME over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was detected in 8 (16%) HER2 positive tumor samples as compared to no TN and ER-positive cancers (p = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS: NY-ESO-1 and WT1 antigens are overexpressed in TN breast cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options for this patient subgroup, CT antigen-based vaccines might prove to be useful for patients with this phenotype of breast cancer.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Receptor ErbB-2/análisis , Proteínas WT1/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo
3.
Lancet Oncol ; 19(7): 916-929, 2018 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29908991

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite newly approved treatments, metastatic melanoma remains a life-threatening condition. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic in patients with stage IIIB or IIIC melanoma in the adjuvant setting. METHODS: DERMA was a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done in 31 countries and 263 centres. Eligible patients were 18 years or older and had histologically proven, completely resected, stage IIIB or IIIC, MAGE-A3-positive cutaneous melanoma with macroscopic lymph node involvement and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 0 or 1. Randomisation and treatment allocation at the investigator sites were done centrally via the internet. We randomly assigned patients (2:1) to receive up to 13 intramuscular injections of recombinant MAGE-A3 with AS15 immunostimulant (MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic; 300 µg MAGE-A3 antigen plus 420 µg CpG 7909 reconstituted in AS01B to a total volume of 0·5 mL), or placebo, over a 27-month period: five doses at 3-weekly intervals, followed by eight doses at 12-weekly intervals. The co-primary outcomes were disease-free survival in the overall population and in patients with a potentially predictive gene signature (GS-positive) identified previously and validated here via an adaptive signature design. The final analyses included all patients who had received at least one dose of study treatment; analyses for efficacy were in the as-randomised population and for safety were in the as-treated population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00796445. FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2008, and Sept 19, 2011, 3914 patients were screened, 1391 randomly assigned, and 1345 started treatment (n=895 for MAGE-A3 and n=450 for placebo). At final analysis (data cutoff May 23, 2013), median follow-up was 28·0 months [IQR 23·3-35·5] in the MAGE-A3 group and 28·1 months [23·7-36·9] in the placebo group. Median disease-free survival was 11·0 months (95% CI 10·0-11·9) in the MAGE-A3 group and 11·2 months (8·6-14·1) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 1·01, 0·88-1·17, p=0·86). In the GS-positive population, median disease-free survival was 9·9 months (95% CI 5·7-17·6) in the MAGE-A3 group and 11·6 months (5·6-22·3) in the placebo group (HR 1·11, 0·83-1·49, p=0·48). Within the first 31 days of treatment, adverse events of grade 3 or worse were reported by 126 (14%) of 894 patients in the MAGE-A3 group and 56 (12%) of 450 patients in the placebo group, treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse by 36 (4%) patients given MAGE-A3 vs six (1%) patients given placebo, and at least one serious adverse event by 14% of patients in both groups (129 patients given MAGE-A3 and 64 patients given placebo). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or worse were neoplasms (33 [4%] patients in the MAGE-A3 group vs 17 [4%] patients in the placebo group), general disorders and administration site conditions (25 [3%] for MAGE-A3 vs four [<1%] for placebo) and infections and infestations (17 [2%] for MAGE-A3 vs seven [2%] for placebo). No deaths were related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: An antigen-specific immunotherapeutic alone was not efficacious in this clinical setting. Based on these findings, development of the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic for use in melanoma has been stopped. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Internacionalidad , Masculino , Melanoma/mortalidad , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Melanoma Cutáneo Maligno
4.
Lung Cancer ; 101: 137-144, 2016 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27794402

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important and often unmet medical need regardless of the disease stage at the time of first diagnosis. Antigen-specific immunotherapy may be a feasible therapeutic option if tumor associated antigens (TAAs) that can be targeted by the patient's immune system are identified. The study objective (NCT01837511) was to investigate the expression rates of MAGE-A3 and PRAME in tumors from East Asian NSCLC patients, and the associations between TAA expression and clinico-pathologic patient characteristics. METHODS: Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens were tested for MAGE-A3 and PRAME expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Exploratory analyses of the impact of patient and tumor characteristics on antigen expression were performed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 377 specimens were tested and a valid expression result was obtained for 86.5% and 92.6% for MAGE-A3 and PRAME, respectively. Of the specimens with valid test results, 26.4% expressed MAGE-A3, 49.9% PRAME, 20.0% both and 57.5% expressed at least one TAA. The same pattern of associations between antigen expression and patient and tumor characteristics was found for both TAAs: higher rates of antigen-positive tumors were found in squamous cell carcinomas compared to adenocarcinomas, and for smokers compared to non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of MAGE-A3 and PRAME suggests an association with tumor histology and the patient's smoking status. The rates of TAA-positive tumors found in these East and South East Asian NSCLC patients indicate that both antigens may serve as targets for antigen-specific immunotherapies.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Prevalencia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Asia Sudoriental/epidemiología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Asia Oriental/epidemiología , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fumar/epidemiología
5.
J Thorac Oncol ; 11(12): 2208-2217, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27544054

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is standard treatment for surgically resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC, but the relapse rate is high. The preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) tumor antigen is expressed in two-thirds of NSCLC and offers an attractive target for antigen-specific immunization. A phase I dose escalation study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a PRAME immunotherapeutic consisting of recombinant PRAME plus proprietary immunostimulant AS15 in patients with surgically resected NSCLC (NCT01159964). METHODS: Patients with PRAME-positive resected stage IB to IIIA NSCLC were enrolled in three consecutive cohorts to receive up to 13 injections of PRAME immunotherapeutic (recombinant PRAME protein dose of 20 µg, 100 µg, or 500 µg, with a fixed dose of AS15). Adverse events, predefined dose-limiting toxicity, and the anti-PRAME humoral response (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were coprimary end points. Anti-PRAME cellular responses were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were treated (18 received 20 µg of PRAME, 18 received 100 µg of PRAME, and 24 received 500 µg of PRAME). No dose-limiting toxicity was reported. Adverse events considered by the investigator to be causally related to treatment were grade 1 or 2, and most were injection site reactions or fever. All patients had detectable anti-PRAME antibodies after four immunizations. The percentages of patients with PRAME-specific CD4-positive T cells were higher at the dose of 500 µg compared with lower doses. No predefined CD8-positive T-cell responses were detected. CONCLUSION: The PRAME immunotherapeutic had an acceptable safety profile. All patients had anti-PRAME humoral responses that were not dose related, and 80% of those treated at the highest dose showed a cellular immune response. The dose of 500 µg was selected. However, further development was stopped after negative results with a similar immunotherapeutic in patients with NSCLC.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino
6.
Lancet Oncol ; 17(6): 822-835, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27132212

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fewer than half of the patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are cured. Since the introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy in 2004, no substantial progress has been made in adjuvant treatment. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the MAGE-A3 cancer immunotherapeutic in surgically resected NSCLC. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited patients aged at least 18 years with completely resected stage IB, II, and IIIA MAGE-A3-positive NSCLC who did or did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy from 443 centres in 34 countries (Europe, the Americas, and Asia Pacific). Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 13 intramuscular injections of recMAGE-A3 with AS15 immunostimulant (MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic) or placebo during 27 months. Randomisation and treatment allocation at the investigator site was done centrally via internet with stratification for chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy. Participants, investigators, and those assessing outcomes were masked to group assignment. A minimisation algorithm accounted for the number of chemotherapy cycles received, disease stage, lymph node sampling procedure, performance status score, and lifetime smoking status. The primary endpoint was broken up into three co-primary objectives: disease-free survival in the overall population, the no-chemotherapy population, and patients with a potentially predictive gene signature. The final analyses included the total treated population (all patients who had received at least one treatment dose). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00480025. FINDINGS: Between Oct 18, 2007, and July 17, 2012, we screened 13 849 patients for MAGE-A3 expression; 12 820 had a valid sample and of these, 4210 (33%) had a MAGE-A3-positive tumour. 2312 of these patients met all eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to treatment: 1515 received MAGE-A3 and 757 received placebo and 40 were randomly assigned but never started treatment. 784 patients in the MAGE-A3 group also received chemotherapy, as did 392 in the placebo group. Median follow-up was 38·1 months (IQR 27·9-48·4) in the MAGE-A3 group and 39·5 months (27·9-50·4) in the placebo group. In the overall population, median disease-free survival was 60·5 months (95% CI 57·2-not reached) for the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic group and 57·9 months (55·7-not reached) for the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 1·02, 95% CI 0·89-1·18; p=0·74). Of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy, median disease-free survival was 58·0 months (95% CI 56·6-not reached) in those in the MAGE-A3 group and 56·9 months (44·4-not reached) in the placebo group (HR 0·97, 95% CI 0·80-1·18; p=0·76). Because of the absence of treatment effect, we could not identify a gene signature predictive of clinical benefit to MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic. The frequency of grade 3 or worse adverse events was similar between treatment groups (246 [16%] of 1515 patients in the MAGE-A3 group and 122 [16%] of 757 in the placebo group). The most frequently reported grade 3 or higher adverse events were infections and infestations (37 [2%] in the MAGE-A3 group and 19 [3%] in the placebo group), vascular disorders (30 [2%] vs 17 [3%]), and neoplasm (benign, malignant, and unspecified (29 [2%] vs 16 [2%]). INTERPRETATION: Adjuvant treatment with the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic did not increase disease-free survival compared with placebo in patients with MAGE-A3-positive surgically resected NSCLC. Based on our results, further development of the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic for use in NSCLC has been stopped. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/inmunología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia
7.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 156(2): 301-10, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26975189

RESUMEN

The objectives of this phase I/II study (NCT00140738) were to evaluate the safety and clinical activity of a cancer immunotherapeutic agent (recombinant HER2 protein (dHER2) and the immunostimulant AS15) in patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Forty HER2-positive MBC patients received up to 18 doses (12q2w, 6q3w) of dHER2 immunotherapeutic, as first- or second-line therapy following response to trastuzumab-based treatment as maintenance. Toxicity was graded by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and clinical activity was evaluated by target lesion assessment according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Immunogenicity was assessed. The dHER2 immunotherapeutic was well tolerated: grade 1/2 adverse events (AEs) were most common. No cardiac events were observed and one patient experienced an asymptomatic decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction below the normal range (47 %). Both humoral and cellular immunogenicity to the dHER2 antigen was observed. No patient discontinued the immunizations because of AEs but 35/40 withdrew prematurely, 34 because of disease progression (24/34 before or at the tumor assessment after dose 6). One patient achieved a complete response lasting 11 months and one patient had a partial response lasting 3.5 months. Ten patients experienced stable disease ≥26 weeks with 4/10 still in stable disease at the last tumor assessment after 47 weeks. Immunization of MBC patients with the dHER2 immunotherapeutic was associated with minimal toxicity and no cardiac events. Clinical activity was observed with two objective responses and prolonged stable disease for 10/40 patients.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Trastuzumab/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/efectos adversos , Trastuzumab/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
8.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 156(2): 319-30, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26993131

RESUMEN

This Phase I dose-escalation study (NCT00058526) assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an anti-cancer immunotherapeutic (recombinant HER2 protein (dHER2) combined with the immunostimulant AS15) in patients with early-stage HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (BC). Sixty-one trastuzumab-naive patients with stage II-III HER2-positive BC received the dHER2 immunotherapeutic after surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. They were allocated into four cohorts receiving different doses of dHER2 (20, 100, 500 µg) combined with a fixed AS15 dose. Safety and immunogenicity (dHER2-specific antibody responses) were assessed. After completing the immunization schedule (three or six doses over 14 weeks) and a six-month follow-up, the patients were followed for 5 years for late toxicity, long-term immunogenicity, and clinical status. The immunizations were well tolerated, and increasing doses of dHER2 had no impact on the frequency or severity of adverse events. Few late toxicities were reported, and after 5 years 45/54 patients (83.3 %) were still alive, while 28/45 (62 %) with known disease status were disease free. Regarding the immunogenicity of the compound, a positive association was found between the dHER2 dose, the immunization schedule, and the prevalence of dHER2-specific humoral responses. Among the patients receiving the most intense immunization schedule with the highest dHER2 dose, 6/8 maintained their dHER2-specific antibody response 5 years after immunization. The dHER2 immunotherapeutic had an acceptable safety profile in early HER2-positive BC patients. dHER2-specific antibody responses were induced, with the rate of responders increasing with the dHER2 dose and the number and frequency of immunizations.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Receptor ErbB-2/inmunología , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Regulación hacia Arriba , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Cálculo de Dosificación de Drogas , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Inmunoterapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento
9.
J Thorac Oncol ; 10(10): 1458-67, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26309191

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic in patients with stage IB-III MAGE-A3-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were or were not undergoing standard cisplatin/vinorelbine chemotherapy. METHODS: This open, prospective, multicenter, parallel-group phase I study (NCT00455572) enrolled patients with resected (cohorts 1-3) or unresectable (cohort 4) MAGE-A3-positive NSCLC. MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic (300 µg recombinant MAGE-A3 formulated with AS15) was administered (eight doses, 3 weeks apart) concurrent with (cohort 1), after (cohort 2), or without (cohort 3) standard-adjuvant chemotherapy, or after standard radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (cohort 4). RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients received greater than or equal to 1 dose of MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic. Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were reported for 16 out of 19 (84%), 2 out of 18 (11%), 5 out of 18 (28%), and 1 out of 12 (8%) patients in cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Many grade 3/4 AEs in cohort 1 (e.g., neutropenia) were typical of chemotherapy. Six patients, including three in cohort 1, reported study treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs (injection-site reactions or musculoskeletal/back pain, which resolved within 5 days). One patient (in cohort 4) died, but this and the other serious adverse events were not study treatment related. MAGE-A3-specific antibody responses to immunotherapy were induced in all patients evaluated in all cohorts. MAGE-A3-specific CD4 T-cell responses to immunotherapy were detected in 4 out of 11 (36%), 4 out of 15 (27%), 2 out of 8 (25%), and 5 out of 6 (83%) evaluated patients in cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; and CD8 T-cell responses were only detected in four patients. CONCLUSION: In resected and unresectable NSCLC patients and irrespective of whether standard chemotherapy was concurrent or not, MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic is well tolerated and induces MAGE-A3-specific immune responses.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Vinblastina/administración & dosificación , Vinblastina/análogos & derivados , Vinorelbina
10.
Oncoimmunology ; 2(10): e25995, 2013 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24244898

RESUMEN

Antigen-specific immunotherapy may offer a unique approach to fight cancer. We have demonstrated that specific immunotherapeutic regimens involving recombinant melanoma antigen family A3 (MAGE-A3) and different immunostimulants exert clinical anticancer activity. In particular, the combination of recombinant MAGE-A3 and AS15, a multicomponent immunostimulant, was found to elicit robust antigen-specific immune responses.

11.
J Clin Oncol ; 31(19): 2388-95, 2013 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23715562

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To detect a pretreatment gene expression signature (GS) predictive of response to MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic in patients with metastatic melanoma and to investigate its applicability in a different cancer setting (adjuvant therapy of resected early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were participants in two phase II studies of the recombinant MAGE-A3 antigen combined with an immunostimulant (AS15 or AS02B). mRNA from melanoma biopsies was analyzed by microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These results were used to identify and cross-validate the GS, which was then applied to the NSCLC data. RESULTS: In the patients with melanoma, 84 genes were identified whose expression was potentially associated with clinical benefit. This effect was strongest when the immunostimulant AS15 was included in the immunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.05; P = .06) and was less strong with the other immunostimulant AS02B (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.97; P = .70). The same GS was then used to predict the outcome for patients with resected NSCLC treated with MAGE-A3 plus AS02B; actively treated GS-positive patients showed a favorable disease-free interval compared with placebo-treated GS-positive patients (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17 to 1.03; P = .06), whereas among GS-negative patients, no such difference was found (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.59 to 2.31; P = .65). The genes identified were mainly immune related, involving interferon gamma pathways and specific chemokines, suggesting that their pretreatment expression influences the tumor's immune microenvironment and the patient's clinical response. CONCLUSION: An 84-gene GS associated with clinical response for MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic was identified in metastatic melanoma and confirmed in resected NSCLC.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Masculino , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Oportunidad Relativa , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Análisis por Matrices de Proteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
J Clin Oncol ; 31(19): 2396-403, 2013 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23715567

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The MAGE-A3 protein is expressed in approximately 35% of patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several immunization approaches against the MAGE-A3 antigen have shown few, but often long-lasting, clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study was performed assessing clinical activity, immunologic response, and safety following immunization with recombinant MAGE-A3 protein combined with an immunostimulant (13 doses over 27 months) in completely resected MAGE-A3-positive stage IB to II NSCLC. The primary end point was disease-free interval (DFI). RESULTS: Patients were randomly assigned to either MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic (n = 122) or placebo (n = 60). After a median postresection period of 44 months, recurrence was observed in 35% of patients in the MAGE-A3 arm and 43% in the placebo arm. No statistically significant improvement in DFI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75, 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.23; two-sided P = .254), disease-free survival (DFS; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.21; P = .248), or overall survival (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.40; P = .454) was observed. Corresponding analysis after a median of 70 months of follow-up revealed a similar trend for DFI and DFS. All patients receiving the active treatment showed a humoral immune response to the MAGE-A3 antigen, although no correlation was observed with outcome. No significant toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION: In this early development study with a limited number of patients, postoperative MAGE-A3 immunization proved to be feasible with minimal toxicity. These results are being investigated further in a large phase III study.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Método Doble Ciego , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
J Clin Oncol ; 31(19): 2413-20, 2013 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23715572

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Active immunization against the tumor-specific MAGE-A3 antigen is followed by a few but impressive and durable clinical responses. This randomized phase II trial evaluated two different immunostimulants combined with the MAGE-A3 protein to investigate whether a more robust and persistent immune response could be associated with increased clinical benefit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with MAGE-A3-positive stage III or IV M1a melanoma were randomly assigned to receive the MAGE-A3 protein combined either with AS02B or with AS15 immunostimulant. Clinical end points were toxicity and rates of objective clinical responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were treated, with 36 eligible patients per arm. Both treatments were well tolerated. In the AS15 arm, four objective responses were observed (three complete responses and one partial response) versus one partial response in the AS02B arm. In the AS15 and AS02B arms, the PFS rates after 6 months were 25% and 14%, respectively; and the median OS times were 33 months and 19.9 months, respectively, with a median observation period of 48 months. Antibodies against MAGE-A3, found in all patients, showed three-fold higher titers in the AS15 arm. The anti-MAGE-A3 cellular response was also more pronounced in the AS15 arm. CONCLUSION: In the MAGE-A3+AS15 arm, clinical activity was higher and the immune response more robust. Therefore, the AS15 immunostimulant was selected for combination with the MAGE-A3 protein in phase III trials.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/inmunología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Vacunación/métodos , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
15.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 110(5): 1941-6, 2013 Jan 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23322736

RESUMEN

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. The pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease, currently without curative treatment, is associated with the accumulation of amyloid ß (Aß) in brain parenchyma and cerebral vasculature. AD patients are unable to clear this toxic peptide, leading to Aß accumulation in their brains and, presumably, the pathology associated with this devastating disease. Compounds that stimulate the immune system to clear Aß may therefore have great therapeutic potential in AD patients. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is an LPS-derived Toll-like receptor 4 agonist that exhibits unique immunomodulatory properties at doses that are nonpyrogenic. We show here that repeated systemic injections of MPL, but not LPS, significantly improved AD-related pathology in APP(swe)/PS1 mice. MPL treatment led to a significant reduction in Aß load in the brain of these mice, as well as enhanced cognitive function. MPL induced a potent phagocytic response by microglia while triggering a moderate inflammatory reaction. Our data suggest that the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist MPL may be a treatment for AD.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/prevención & control , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Lípido A/análogos & derivados , Receptor Toll-Like 4/agonistas , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Línea Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Ligandos , Lípido A/administración & dosificación , Lípido A/uso terapéutico , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Microglía/citología , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Microglía/metabolismo , Microscopía Fluorescente , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Presenilina-1/genética , Presenilina-1/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo
16.
Cancer J ; 16(4): 399-403, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20693853

RESUMEN

Immunotherapeutic approaches for melanoma and other cancers can impart profound clinical benefit but only for a subset of patients. Interpatient heterogeneity could, in principle, be due to somatic differences in the tumor between individuals or alternatively be accounted for distinct germline polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes of the host. Analysis of these possibilities has been initiated by investigating gene expression profiling of the tumor microenvironment in the context of clinical trials of cancer vaccines. Distinct gene expression profiles have been identified on pretreatment biopsies that are associated with a positive or negative clinical outcome. These observations suggest that such profiling might be useful as a predictive biomarker for clinical benefit from vaccines and other immunotherapy approaches, and analysis of specific gene products has begun to suggest new therapeutic interventions to overcome mechanisms of tumor resistance.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/terapia , Animales , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunidad/genética , Melanoma/inmunología , Vacunas de Subunidad/inmunología , Vacunas de Subunidad/uso terapéutico
17.
Expert Opin Biol Ther ; 8(7): 951-68, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18549325

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Clinical investigation of cancer immunotherapy has been very active and several approaches have been evaluated in Phase III trials. In particular, the characterisation at the molecular level of tumour-specific antigens, together with expert knowledge from GSK Biologicals in recombinant protein manufacturing and immunological Adjuvant Systems, has led the company to develop Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic (ASCI). OBJECTIVE/METHODS: This paper reviews the different cancer immunotherapy approaches that have reached Phase III clinical development. A special attention is given to GSK's ASCI approach. CONCLUSION: Based on encouraging data in a double-blind Phase II trial in non-small-cell lung cancer, the selection of the most suitable adjuvant system in melanoma and the choice of the adequate clinical setting for the clinical development of cancer immunotherapy, the ASCI approach offers the perspective that the long quest towards a new cancer treatment approach is about to succeed.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/química , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias/terapia , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Animales , Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Células Dendríticas/citología , Terapia Genética/métodos , Humanos , Ratones , Péptidos/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/química
18.
J Immunother ; 30(8): 847-54, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18049337

RESUMEN

MAGE-A3 is frequently expressed in high-risk multiple myeloma (MM). We immunized a healthy donor with MAGE-A3 protein formulated in AS02B to transfer immunity to her identical twin, diagnosed with MAGE-A3-positive MM. After a melphalan 200 mg/m syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant, primed donor cells collected after immunizations were transferred and followed by repeated patient immunizations. MAGE-A3 immunizations were well tolerated. Strong MAGE-A3-specific antibody, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), and T-helper responses were induced in both twins. A humoral response was transferred to the patient with the donor peripheral blood stem cells and increased by booster immunization. The CTL response targeted a previously undescribed HLA-A*6801 binding MAGE-A3115-123 peptide. MAGE-A3115-123 CTLs were detected in the patient more than 1 year after the last immunization. Multiple T-helper cellular responses were detected with the dominant response to an HLA-DR11 restricted MAGE-A3 epitope. The patient remains in remission 2.5 years after the second transplant. This report shows for the first time that immunization of a healthy donor with a defined cancer-testis protein induces immune responses that can be transferred and expanded posttransplant in the recipient. MAGE-A3 immunization may be a useful adjunct to high dose melphalan-based peripheral blood stem cell transplant, providing a new therapeutic option for high-risk MM.


Asunto(s)
Traslado Adoptivo/métodos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Antígenos HLA-A/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Gemelos/inmunología , Vacunación/métodos
19.
Vaccine ; 25 Suppl 2: B61-71, 2007 Sep 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17916463

RESUMEN

From the first evidence that the immune system could recognize tumors, different types of tumor antigens have been identified and deeply characterized. Several different approaches aimed at targeting these antigens have already been the subject of clinical studies. In this field, the GSK Biologicals' approach relying on recombinant proteins combined with an immunological Adjuvant System in a specific clinical setting, has entertained hopes of developing a new class of well tolerated anti-cancer therapy. This methodology led to promising advances with MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in NSCLC and has the potential to be applied to all tumor types.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Oligopéptidos/inmunología
20.
J Clin Oncol ; 23(35): 9008-21, 2005 Dec 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16061912

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the toxicity, antitumoral effectiveness, and immunogenicity of repeated vaccinations with ALVAC miniMAGE-1/3, a recombinant canarypox virus containing a minigene encoding antigenic peptides MAGE-3(168-176) and MAGE-1(161-169), which are presented by HLA-A1 and B35 on tumor cells and can be recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vaccination schedule comprised four sequential injections of the recombinant virus, followed by three booster vaccinations with the MAGE-3(168-176) and MAGE-1(161-169) peptides. The vaccines were administered, both intradermally and subcutaneously, at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: Forty patients with advanced cancer were treated, including 37 melanoma patients. The vaccines were generally well tolerated with moderate adverse events, consisting mainly of transient inflammatory reactions at the virus injection sites. Among the 30 melanoma patients assessable for tumor response, a partial response was observed in one patient, and disease stabilization in two others. The remaining patients had progressive disease. Among the patients with stable or progressive disease, five showed evidence of tumor regression. A CTL response against the MAGE-3 vaccine antigen was detected in three of four patients with tumor regression, and in only one of 11 patients without regression. CONCLUSION: Repeated vaccination with ALVAC miniMAGE-1/3 is associated with tumor regression and with a detectable CTL response in a minority of melanoma patients. There is a significant correlation between tumor regression and CTL response. The contribution of vaccine-induced CTL in the tumor regression process is discussed in view of the immunologic events that could be analyzed in detail in one patient.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Melanoma/terapia , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Virus de la Viruela de los Canarios/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/inmunología , Antígenos Específicos del Melanoma , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento
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