RESUMEN
The following new species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) are described from Peru: C. mateoi Paz Ratcliffe, C. ukuku Paz Ratcliffe, and C. hylaea Ratcliffe Paz. A description, diagnosis, geographic distribution, notes on natural history, and illustrations are provided for each new species. Six Cyclocephala species are reported for the first time from Peru: C. emarginata Endrdi, 1964, C. guianae Endrdi, 1969, C. kuntzeniana Hhne, 1923, C. malyi Dupuis, 2014, C. ovulum Bates, 1888, and C. sylviae Dechambre, 1995. An updated, annotated list of the 81 Peruvian species of Cyclocephala is provided.
Asunto(s)
Escarabajos , Animales , PerúRESUMEN
The Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico is a carbonate platform well-known for extensive karst networks of densely stratified aquifer ecosystems. This aquifer supports diverse anchialine fauna, including species of the globally distributed anchialine shrimp genus Typhlatya (Atyidae). Four species (T. campecheae, T. pearsei, T. dzilamensis and T. mitchelli) are endemic to the Peninsula, of which three are federally listed in Mexico. This first integrative evaluation (i.e., molecular, morphological, broad geographic and type locality sampling, and environmental data) of Yucatán Typhlatya reveals considerable species identity conflict in prior phylogenetic assessments, broad species ranges, syntopy within cave systems and five genetic lineages (of which two are new to science). Despite sampling from the type locality of endangered T. campecheae, specimens (and molecular data) were indistinguishable from vulnerable T. pearsei. Ancestral/divergence reconstructions support convergent evolution of a low-salinity ancestor for a post-Paleogene arc Yucatán + Cuba Typhlatya clade within the anchialine Atyidae clade. A secondary adaptation for the coastal-restricted euryhaline (2-37 psu), Typhlatya dzilamensis (unknown conservation status) was identified, while remaining species lineages were low-salinity (< 5 psu) adapted and found within the meteoric lens of inland and coastal caves. This study demonstrates the need for integrative/interdisciplinary approaches when conducting biodiversity assessments in complex and poorly studied aquifers.
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Decápodos , Agua Subterránea , Animales , Decápodos/genética , Ecosistema , México , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The enigmatic genus Stenocrates Burmeister has 52 species that are widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina, but mainly in South America. In the present study, the larva of the third instar and pupa of Stenocrates agricola Dechambre & Hardy, 2004 are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina, this being the first description of immatures for the genus. The adult is also redescribed, significantly expanding the number of characters and providing information on the natural history of this species. In addition, 28 species of Cyclocephalini and 20 species of Pentodontini are morphologically compared, emphasizing the most useful larval characters used among these beetles. Stenocrates agricola shows frequent and common characters of Pentodontini species but scarce (and even absent) characters typical of Cyclocephalini species, including some considered diagnostic for this tribe. Accordingly we consider that the tribal position of Stenocrates remains controversial and more study is needed to clarify the tribal status of Stenocrates. We believe that larval morphology provides important information in systematics studies that can clarify tribal relationships within the Dynastinae.
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Escarabajos , Animales , Argentina , Larva , México , Pupa , América del SurRESUMEN
Land-locked anchialine blue holes are karstic sinkholes and caves with tidally influenced, vertically stratified water bodies that harbor endemic fauna exhibiting variable troglomorphic features. These habitats represent island-like systems, which can serve to elucidate evolutionary and biogeographic processes at local scales. We investigated whether the 'continuous spelean corridor' hypothesis may elucidate the biogeographical distributions of the stygobitic annelid Pelagomacellicephala iliffei (Polynoidae) collected from the Great Bahama and Caicos Banks of the Bahamas Archipelago. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian Inference on individual and combined datasets of three molecular markers (16S rDNA, COI, 18S rDNA) and species delimitation employed three widely accepted methods in DNA taxonomy, namely GMYC, bPTP, and ABGD. Mantel tests were used to test the effect of geography on genetic structure. Using these analyses, we recovered five independently evolving entities of the focal species across four islands of the Great Bahama Bank including Cat, Eleuthera, Exumas, and Long. Genetic data yielded strong correlations between islands and phylogenetic entities, signifying independent evolutionary histories within anchialine caves across the platform. The island of Eleuthera showed intra-island gene flow and dispersal capabilities between blue holes separated by 115km, providing evidence of a crevicular spelean corridor within the island. However, no evidence of inter-island dispersal is present in the analyzed system. Consistent with previous biogeographic studies of cave crustaceans, the major barriers shaping the cave biota of the Bahamas Archipelago appears to be the deep trenches and channels separating the Bahamian banks.
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Anélidos/clasificación , Animales , Anélidos/genética , Bahamas , Teorema de Bayes , Evolución Biológica , Cuevas , Ecosistema , Flujo Génico , Variación Genética , Geografía , Islas , Filogenia , FilogeografíaRESUMEN
Pisionidens Aiyar & Alikuhni, 1943 is a genus of small scale-less annelids formerly belonging to the family 'Pisionidae', now synonymized with the scale worm family Sigalionidae. A new species from Akumal, México, Pisionidens ixazaluohae n. sp., is herein described, including a genetic barcode, and diagnosed by parapodia from segment 8, males having a continuous line of midventral pores, and the presence of a single copulatory segment without parapodia. The new species differs in morphology from the three previously described species, including P. indica (Aiyar & Alikuhni, 1940), representing the only other species previously reported from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. A comparative table with a summary of the main taxonomic characters of all described species of the genus, including information on distribution, is provided.
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Poliquetos/clasificación , Distribución Animal , Estructuras Animales/anatomía & histología , Estructuras Animales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Tamaño Corporal , Ecosistema , Femenino , Masculino , México , Tamaño de los Órganos , Poliquetos/anatomía & histología , Poliquetos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
This study examined the baseline characteristics, racial/ethnic differences, and geographic differences among participants in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study. The SPS3 trial enrolled patients who experienced a symptomatic small subcortical stroke (lacunar stroke) within the previous 6 months and an eligible lesion on detected on magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were randomized, in a factorial design, to antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 325 mg daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg daily vs aspirin 325 mg daily plus placebo) and to one of two levels of systolic blood pressure targets ("intensive" [<130 mmHg] or "usual" [130-149 mmHg]). A total of 3020 participants were recruited from 81 clinical sites in 8 countries. In this cohort, the mean age was 63 years, 63% were men, 75% had a history of hypertension, and 37% had diabetes. The racial distribution was 51% white, 30% Hispanic, and 16% black. Compared with white subjects, black subjects were younger (mean age, 58 years vs 64 years; P <.001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (87% vs 70%; P <.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher in the Hispanic and black subjects compared with the white subjects (42% and 40% vs 32%; both P <.001). Tobacco smoking at the time of qualifying stroke was much more frequent in the Spanish participants than in subjects from North America and from Latin America (32%, 22%, and 9%, respectively; P <.001). Mean systolic blood pressure at study entry was 4 mmHg lower in the Spanish subjects compared with the North American subjects (P <.01). The SPS3 cohort is the largest magnetic resonance imaging-defined series of patients with S3. Among the racially/ethnically diverse SPS3 participants, important differences in patient features and vascular risk factors could influence prognosis for recurrent stroke and response to interventions.
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Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Etnicidad , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Grupos Raciales , Prevención Secundaria/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etnología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Negro o Afroamericano , Anciano , Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Clopidogrel , Diabetes Mellitus/etnología , Esquema de Medicación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , América del Norte/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/etnología , América del Sur/epidemiología , España/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Ticlopidina/administración & dosificación , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Población BlancaRESUMEN
We report a de novo cryptic 11p duplication found by genomic microarray with a cytogenetically detected 4p deletion. Terminal 4p deletions cause Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, but the phenotype probably was modified by the paternally derived 11p duplication. This emphasizes the clinical utility of genomic microarray.