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Traumatic macular hole is a disease whose pathogenesis is not fully understood and the best treatment guideline is controversial. We report 2 cases of traumatic macular hole with different treatment approaches. In the first case, a 9-year-old boy presented with a traumatic macular hole secondary to blunt ocular trauma with a stone, and initial vision of 20/300. He underwent surgical repair and his final vision was 20/70 with hole closure after a 1 year follow-up. In the second case, a 20-year-old woman suffered a penetrating bullet wound on the left side of her forehead. The injury caused optic nerve head avulsion in the left eye with loss of light perception. The right eye had a traumatic macular hole and signs suggestive of sclopetaria chorioretinitis, with 20/60 vision. This case was initially observed and vision improved to 20/30 with reduction of the hole diameter. Vision and hole diameter remained stable after 8 months.

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Traumatic macular hole is a disease whose pathogenesis is not fully understood and the best treatment guideline is controversial. We report 2 cases of traumatic macular hole with different treatment approaches. In the first case, a 9-year-old boy presented with a traumatic macular hole secondary to blunt ocular trauma with a stone, and initial vision of 20/300. He underwent surgical repair and his final vision was 20/70 with hole closure after a 1 year follow-up. In the second case, a 20-year-old woman suffered a penetrating bullet wound on the left side of her forehead. The injury caused optic nerve head avulsion in the left eye with loss of light perception. The right eye had a traumatic macular hole and signs suggestive of sclopetaria chorioretinitis, with 20/60 vision. This case was initially observed and vision improved to 20/30 with reduction of the hole diameter. Vision and hole diameter remained stable after 8 months.

O buraco macular traumático é doença cuja patogênese não é totalmente esclarecida e a melhor conduta terapêutica ainda é controversa. Relatamos 2 casos de buraco macular traumático para os quais adotamos condutas diferentes. No primeiro caso, um menino de 9 anos apresentou buraco macular traumático secundário a trauma ocular contuso com uma pedra, com visão inicial de 20/300. Foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico e obteve visão final igual a 20/70 com buraco fechado após 1 ano de seguimento. No segundo caso, mulher de 20 anos sofreu traumatismo penetrante por projétil de arma de fogo na fronte, do lado esquerdo. O trauma causou avulsão do nervo óptico no olho esquerdo com perda de percepção luminososa neste olho. No olho direito apresentou buraco macular traumático e sinais sugestivos de coriorretinite esclopetária, com acuidade visual igual a 20/60. O caso foi inicialmente observado e a visão melhorou para 20/30 com diminuição do diâmetro do buraco. A visão e o diâmetro do buraco mantiveram-se estáveis por 8 meses.

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BACKGROUND: Stargardt disease may lead to chronic destructive changes to the retinal pigment epithelium and secondarily cause a lesion in the Bruch membrane, predisposing to subsequent subretinal choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: The authors report an angiographically documented, bilateral, and simultaneous case of CNV in Stargardt disease that was successfully treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). RESULTS: A 53-year-old man with unequivocal Stargardt disease presented with CNV in both eyes simultaneously. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. PDT was performed in both eyes and vision improved to 20/25 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. The lesions recurred 3 months later when vision had decreased to 20/40 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. Retreatment with PDT was performed in both eyes and vision improved to 20/30 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. No further recurrence was observed for 4 months. CONCLUSION: Considering the positive short-term outcome in this case as well as the limited data available, PDT may be considered in cases of CNV in Stargardt disease.

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The congenital optic disc pit is a rare anomaly that can lead to major visual impairment associated with subretinal fluid accumulation. The authors describe the optical coherence tomography study of three cases of untreated congenital optic disc pits with different levels of visual impairment and its different presentations of intraretinal fluid collections.

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The congenital optic disc pit is a rare anomaly that can lead to major visual impairment associated with subretinal fluid accumulation. The authors describe the optical coherence tomography study of three cases of untreated congenital optic disc pits with different levels of visual impairment and its different presentations of intraretinal fluid collections.

A fosseta congênita do disco óptico é uma anomalia rara que pode levar a importante comprometimento visual associado ao acúmulo de líquido sub-retiniano. Os autores descrevem o estudo pela tomografia de coerência óptica de três casos de fossetas congênitas do disco óptico não tratadas com diferente comprometimento visual e diferente apresentação das coleções de líquido intra-retiniano.

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PURPOSE: To describe comparatively the outcomes of macular hole surgery followed by internal limiting membrane removal with and without indocyanine green staining. METHODS: We evaluated 142 consecutive macular hole surgeries with internal limiting membrane removal performed in the period from January 2001 to March 2004. These were divided into two groups, based on the use or not of indocyanine green staining. RESULTS: Both studied groups were similar concerning the patients' profile and preoperative stage of the macular holes. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.12+/-0.15 in the group with indocyanine green staining and 0.18+/-0.18 in the group without internal limiting membrane staining (p=0.02). Mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.27+/-0.27 in the group with internal limiting membrane staining and 0.43+/-0.25 in the group without internal limiting membrane staining (p=0.0002). We observed improvement of visual acuity in 63% of cases in the group in which internal limiting membrane staining was performed and in 80.3% of cases in the group without internal limiting membrane staining. Macular hole closure rates were 76.5% in the group treated with internal limiting membrane staining and 95.1% in the group treated without internal limiting membrane staining. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgeries followed by internal limiting membrane removal without use of staining have better visual and anatomic results when compared to macular hole surgeries followed by internal limiting membrane removal guided by indocyanine green staining. We recommend caution in using indocyanine green staining in macular hole surgeries due to its possible toxic effect.

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OBJETIVO: Descrever comparativamente os resultados da cirurgia do buraco macular associada à remoção da membrana limitante interna com e sem a coloração pela indocianina verde. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 142 cirurgias consecutivas de buraco macular com remoção de membrana limitante interna realizadas no período de janeiro de 2001 a março de 2004. Estas foram divididas em dois grupos, baseados no uso ou não da coloração da membrana limitante interna pela indocianina verde. RESULTADOS: Os grupos estudados foram semelhantes no que diz respeito ao perfil dos pacientes e estágio pré-operatório dos buracos maculares. A acuidade visual pré-operatória média foi igual a 0,12±0,15 no grupo com coloração por indocianina verde e 0,18±0,18 no grupo sem a coloração pela indocianina verde (p=0,02). A acuidade visual pós-operatória média foi igual a 0,27±0,27 no grupo com uso e 0,43±0,25 no grupo sem uso (p=0,0002). Observamos melhora da acuidade visual em 63 por cento dos casos no grupo com corante e em 80,3 por cento dos casos no grupo sem corante. O fechamento do buraco macular ocorreu em 76,5 por cento dos casos com uso de indocianina verde e em 95,1 por cento dos casos sem utilização do corante. CONCLUSÃO: As cirurgias do buraco macular com remoção da membrana limitante interna sem uso de corantes apresentam melhores resultados visuais e anatômicos quando comparadas àquelas com o auxílio da coloração pela indocianina verde. Recomendamos cautela ao utilizar a coloração com indocianina verde na cirurgia do buraco macular pelo seu possível efeito tóxico.

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The authors describe a case where the initial diagnosis, clinical and laboratorial, was compatible with ocular toxocariasis. Therefore the follow-up added to a histopathologic examination disclosed a different diagnosis, proving the importance of the histopathologic examination, mainly in presumable diagnostics.

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Os autores descrevem um caso no qual o diagnóstico inicial, clínico e laboratorial, era compatível com quadro de toxocaríase ocular. Porém a evolucão clínica somada a realizacão de exame histopatológico revelou diagnóstico diferente, demonstrando à importância do exame histopatológico, principalmente nos quadros em que o diagnóstico é presumido.

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CASE REPORT: We report the case of a patient with small cell lung carcinoma who developed multiple metastases in the iris. The eye was enucleated after failure of a conservative approach. The specimen underwent histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation that confirmed the diagnosis. COMMENTS: Metastatic carcinoma is the most common form of intraocular malignancy, and breast is the most prevalent primary location, followed by lung. Small cell lung carcinoma constitutes 23.1% of lung neoplasias. It has a significantly worse prognosis than non-small cell carcinoma due to its propensity for early and widespread dissemination. Uveal metastases involve the choroid more often than the iris and ciliary body, probably because the arterial distribution is more abundant in the posterior than in the anterior uvea. Iris involvement represents only 9% of the metastatic uveal tumours.

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Apresentar um novo exame complementar, Tomografia de Coerência Optica(Optical Coherence Tomography -OCT), pelo qual se obtém imagens tomográficas de alta resoluçäo do tecido ocular na avaliaçäo diagnóstica do buraco de mácula.Local: CVR(Centro de Retina e Vítreo - Rio de Janeiro) e IBOL(Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia -Rio de Janeiro)Método: Os autores comentaräo sobre as características do aparelho, assim como seu mecanismo de execuçäo e interpretaçäo dos achados em pacientes com buraco de mácula.Resultados: Foi demonstrado a importância do OCT na avaliaçäo do buraco de mácula e o porquê de já ser consideredo o exame complementar de escolha para o estudo desta patologia.Conclusäo: O OCT é um exame de grande importância no diagnóstico e acompanhamento do buraco de mácula.

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As alteraçöes fundamentais da retinopatia diabética incluem fenômenos de aumento da permeabilidade capilar que se traduzem por edema e obliteraçäo arteriolar responsável pela isquemia. Estas alteraçöes estäo estreitamente ligadas a hiperglicemia de longa duraçäo. O tratamento da retinopatia deve ser precose para evitar a instalaçäo de formas proliferativas com destruiçäo da visäo

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