RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel providing mental health services for substance users and their families. Method: Five hundred twenty-seven mental health workers who provide treatment for substance users in five Brazilian states were interviewed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of satisfaction (SATIS-BR) and burden of mental health personnel (IMPACTO-BR) were collected. Results: Type of mental health service and educational attainment were associated with degree of satisfaction and burden. Therapeutic community workers and those with a primary education level reported being more satisfied with the treatment offered to patients, their engagement in service activities, and working conditions. Workers from psychosocial care centers, psychosocial care centers focused on alcohol and other drugs, and social care referral centers (both general and specialized), as well as workers with a higher education, reported feeling overburdened. Conclusion: This study offers important information regarding the relationship of mental health personnel with their work. Care providers within this sample reported an overall high level of job satisfaction, while perceived burden differed by type of service and educational attainment. To our knowledge, this is the first study with a sample of mental health professionals working with substance users across five Brazilian states.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Personal de Salud/psicología , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Centros de Tratamiento de Abuso de Sustancias , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Servicios de Salud Mental , Comunidad Terapéutica , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , EscolaridadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel providing mental health services for substance users and their families. METHOD: Five hundred twenty-seven mental health workers who provide treatment for substance users in five Brazilian states were interviewed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of satisfaction (SATIS-BR) and burden of mental health personnel (IMPACTO-BR) were collected. RESULTS: Type of mental health service and educational attainment were associated with degree of satisfaction and burden. Therapeutic community workers and those with a primary education level reported being more satisfied with the treatment offered to patients, their engagement in service activities, and working conditions. Workers from psychosocial care centers, psychosocial care centers focused on alcohol and other drugs, and social care referral centers (both general and specialized), as well as workers with a higher education, reported feeling overburdened. CONCLUSION: This study offers important information regarding the relationship of mental health personnel with their work. Care providers within this sample reported an overall high level of job satisfaction, while perceived burden differed by type of service and educational attainment. To our knowledge, this is the first study with a sample of mental health professionals working with substance users across five Brazilian states.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud/psicología , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Servicios de Salud Mental , Centros de Tratamiento de Abuso de Sustancias , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Comunidad TerapéuticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of anti-p16(INK4a) in cervical cytology. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was conducted in a reference center for cervical pathology. Cytology slides were collected in a standard way with Ayre spatula and Cytobrush. The slides were interpreted by 2 independent pathologists (P1, P2). The cases (n = 61) represented all cervical examinations that had resulted in a biopsy with the diagnosis of CIN 1, 2 or 3 or squamous cell carcinoma. Controls (n = 87) included all examinations with negative cytology (Papanicolaou) and negative colposcopy. RESULTS: The sensitivity for the histologic diagnosis of CIN 2, 3 (n = 23) was 100% and 95.7% (P1, P2), respectively. The NPV for CIN 2 or worse was 100% (P1) and 98.9% (P2). The sensitivity for the diagnosis of CIN 1 was 77.8% (P1) and 58.3% (P2). The NPV for CIN 1 or worse was 90.6% (P1) and 82% (P2). The K index between the 2 pathologists was 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the antibody anti-p16(INK4a) could contribute as an adjuvant tool in the follow-up of cervical intraepithelial lesions when the cytology sample is collected in the standard way.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Frotis Vaginal/métodos , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Colposcopía , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/inmunología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/metabolismo , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to identify epidemiological correlates for persistence and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical smears collected in a prospective cohort study to perform Papanicoloau cytology and HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection at baseline and during the follow-up. Outcomes analyzed were: (1) persistence of HPV DNA; (2) conversion; and (3) clearance of HPV. RESULTS: Among 501 women the incidence of HPV was 12.3%. Thirty-four women were persistently infected with HPV, which was associated with age below 21 years at first intercourse and 4 or more sexual partners during their lifetime. In a median of 19 months, 80.7% of women had clearance of HPV, which was associated with black race, coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis at baseline, and a history of previous Papanicoloau smear. CONCLUSION: Strategies for sexual orientation may modify the rates of HPV persistence. The association of HPV clearance with a history of previous Papanicolaou smear screening highlights the importance of improving cervical screening programs. Further studies on the association of gynecological infections with HPV clearance are needed.
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Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Lesiones Precancerosas/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Sondas de ADN de HPV , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Papillomaviridae/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiología , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Frotis Vaginal , Adulto Joven , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs]) may limit inflammatory injury in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the relationship between the severity of sepsis and extent of PMN apoptosis and the effect of superimposed ARDS is unknown. The objective of this study was to correlate neutrophil apoptosis with the severity of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in intensive care units of three tertiary hospitals in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Fifty-seven patients with sepsis (uncomplicated sepsis, septic shock, and sepsis-induced ARDS) and 64 controls were enrolled. Venous peripheral blood was collected from patients with sepsis within 24 hours of diagnosis. All surgical groups, including controls, had their blood drawn 24 hours after surgery. Control patients on mechanical ventilation had blood collected within 24 hours of initiation of mechanical ventilation. Healthy controls were blood donors. Neutrophils were isolated, and incubated ex vivo, and apoptosis was determined by light microscopy on cytospun preparations. The differences among groups were assessed by analysis of variance with Tukeys. RESULTS: In medical patients, the mean percentage of neutrophil apoptosis (+/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) was lower in sepsis-induced ARDS (28% +/- 3.3%; n = 9) when compared with uncomplicated sepsis (57% +/- 3.2%; n = 8; p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation without infection, sepsis, or ARDS (53% +/- 3.0%; n = 11; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (69% +/- 1.1%; n = 33; p < 0.001) but did not differ from septic shock (38% +/- 3.7%; n = 12; p = 0.13). In surgical patients with sepsis, the percentage of neutrophil apoptosis was lower for all groups when compared with surgical controls (52% +/- 3.6%; n = 11; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In medical patients with sepsis, neutrophil apoptosis is inversely proportional to the severity of sepsis and thus may be a marker of the severity of sepsis in this population.
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Apoptosis , Neutrófilos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/sangre , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/etiología , Sepsis/sangre , Sepsis/complicaciones , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The role of psychoneuroimmunological factors in oral hygiene has been overlooked in the dental literature. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of stress, depression, and cortisol levels in dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis in a population of individuals aged >or=50 years. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 230 subjects, selected from caregivers of demented patient groups and from social activities groups of Porto Alegre, Brazil, were evaluated. Stress was evaluated with the Lipp stress inventory, whereas depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck depression inventory. Three saliva samples (at 8, 12, and 20 hours) were collected for cortisol analysis by means of radioimmunoassay. Cortisol levels were expressed as the area under the curve of the three samples for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index as outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 61.6 +/- 8.2 years, mean monthly income in United States dollars (US dollars) was US 668 +/- 590, and mean cortisol level was 22.1 +/- 33.7 nmol/l. A total of 51.5% of the individuals were caregivers; 9.4% were smokers, and 25.5% used interdental floss/brush. Being a caregiver (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.08 to 7.54), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.47), cortisol (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.81), and stress (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.02) were all significantly associated with visible plaque index >mean (43%). Being a caregiver (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.13 to 4.86), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.77), smoking (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.89), stress (OR = 1.78; 95% CI =1.31 to 2.38), and visible plaque index (mean) (OR = 12.87; 95% CI = 6.29 to 26.31) were significantly associated with a gingival bleeding index > mean (37%). CONCLUSION: Stress was a significant risk indicator of elevated levels of plaque and gingivitis, whereas cortisol was a risk indicator of plaque in the sample after controlling for confounders.
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Placa Dental/etiología , Depresión/complicaciones , Gingivitis/etiología , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Saliva/química , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios/análisis , Enfermedad Crónica , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Objetivo: Estabelecer o perfil dos neonatos de Caxias do Sul e estudar a mortalidade neonatal precoce, suas causas e as variáveis a esta relacionadas. Métodos: Estudo de coorte envolvendo 5.545 recém-nascidos acompanhados por até 7 dias de vida. Calculou-se a probalidade de morte neonatal precoce (PMNP), utilizando-se a regressão logística múltipla para relacionar as vaiáveis com a mortalidade neonatal precoce. Resultados: A PMNP observada foi de 7,44 por mil nascidos vivos. A incidência de partos prematuros e de baixo peso ao nascer foi de 9,4 por cento e 8,1 por cento, respectivamente. O índice de cesariana foi de 55 por cento, apresentando relação com o nível socioeconômico e educacional. As variáveis realcionadas ao óbito foram a história de natimortalidade, a idade materna >35 anos, idade gestacional, Apgar <7, sexo masculino e baixo peso. A principal causa do óbito foi a doença da membrana hialina, seguida pelas cardiopatias congênitas, prematuridade extrema e descolamento prematuro de placenta. Conclusão: Apesar da PMNP ter sido baixa, ocorreram mortes que poderiam ter sido evitadas com um melhor atendimento no pré-natal, no parto e na assistência ao RN
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recien Nacido PrematuroRESUMEN
O atendimento a pacientes em servicos primarios de saude deveria compreender uma avaliacao tanto fisica como psicologica; em muitos casos, o sucesso do tratamento depende da compreensao do individuo e de suas interacoes, em especial de sua interacao na familia. Portanto, e importante instrumentalizar os profissionais de saude para que sejam capazes de trabalhar com os individuos nesse contexto social. Estudamos tres escalas diagnosticas do funcionamento familiar consagradas na literatura internacional (FACES III, Beavers-Timberlawn e GARF), procurando valida-las para uso em nosso meio (Porto Alegre, Brasil). Comparamos os resultados do preenchimento das escalas com a avaliacao clinica, feita atraves de entrevista familiar semi-estruturada, em 31 familias clinicas. A escala auto-respondida FACES III tambem foi testada em 102 familias na comunidade. A escala FACES III mostrou uma correlacao linear positiva, porem fraca, entre coesao familiar e risco para doenca mental, mas nao em relacao a adaptabilidade. As escalas BT e GARF demonstraram forte correlacao positiva com a avaliacao clinica. A escala FACES III nao demonstrou ser adequada para uso em triagem de cuidados primarios; entretanto, as escalas BT e GARF mostratam-se muito uteis na formulacao e classificacao do diagnostico familiar
Care provided to patients in primary health services should include both a physical and a psychological assessment. In many cases treatment success depends on understanding individuals and their interactions, especially within the family; it is important for health professionals to be trained in this area. We investigated the validity of three well-known diagnostic scales of family functioning from the United States of America (FACES III, Beavers-Timberlawn, and GARF) for use in our setting in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The three scales were used with 31 families and compared to the results from clinical evaluations (semistructured family interviews), which were considered the gold standard. FACES III was also used with a sample of 102 families in the community. The Beavers-Timberlawn and GARF scales were strongly and positively correlated with the clinical evaluations. In contrast, our results suggest that FACES III is not a useful screening tool in primary care to detect the risk of psychiatric disorders. The Beavers-Timberlawn and GARF instruments showed great usefulness for formulating and classifying diagnoses of family functioning.