RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of examinations by endoscope of root canals to determine residual root canal filling materials by comparison with microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) images as reference. METHODS: Thirty maxillary second premolars with oval canals received root canal treatment. Then D-Race retreatment files were used to remove the root canal fillings supplemented by XP-endo Finisher. Samples were scanned to reconstruct micro-CT reference images. Images were obtained of all samples from the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions by digital radiography. Then the root canals of specimens mounted in manikins were assessed by endoscope. The radiographic and endoscopic results were scored following comparison with the micro-CT images, which served as a reference, by 2 blinded observers. The interexaminer reliability of the assessments was evaluated by kappa test and the accuracy of endoscopic visualization according to the presence of residual root canal filling materials was compared using Kruskal-Wallis H test and Spearman's rank order correlation with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The efficiency of the periapical radiography and endoscopy to determine residual root canal filling material was similar in every third of the root canal (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscope detected residual root canal filling material as efficiently as periapical radiography.