Asunto(s)
Antivirales/efectos adversos , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Brote de los Síntomas , Adulto , Anciano , Carbamatos , Quimioterapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Femenino , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Imidazoles/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Pirrolidinas , Ribavirina/uso terapéutico , Simeprevir/efectos adversos , Sofosbuvir/efectos adversos , Valina/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Excessive exposure to solar or artificial sources of UV radiation is deleterious to the skin and can cause or worsen several diseases. Detrimental effects of UV radiation exert an important role in the development of skin cancers, cause alterations on the immune response, and act as a trigger or aggravating factor for pigmentary disorders. A group of measures, including education, change of habits, use of physical barriers and sunscreens constitutes a significant part of the treatment of many skin disorders and are valuable preventive tools. This article summarizes the relevant studies addressing these issues, emphasizing the many aspects of photoprotection.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Pigmentación/prevención & control , Enfermedades de la Piel/prevención & control , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Protectores Solares , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , ADN/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/prevención & control , Trastornos por Fotosensibilidad/etiología , Trastornos por Fotosensibilidad/prevención & control , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Ropa de Protección , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Protectores Solares/química , Protectores Solares/clasificación , Protectores Solares/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the world's biggest health problems nowadays. Little research has been done on the skin diseases that affect obese patients. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of skin manifestations in obese patients compared with a control group of normal-weight patients. METHODS: A total of 76 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m(2) ] and 73 with normal-weight volunteers (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ) were included in the study and had their complete medical history and skin examination evaluated by the same examiner. All patients were investigated for the presence of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The dermatoses that showed a statistically significant relationship with obesity, compared with the control group were: striae (P < 0.001), plantar hyperkeratosis (P < 0.001), acrochordons (P = 0.007), intertrigo (P < 0.001), pseudoacanthosis nigricans (P < 0.001), keratosis pilaris (P = 0.006), lymphedema (P = 0.002) and bacterial infections (P = 0.05). The presence of striae, pseudoacanthosis nigricans and bacterial infections were also found to be correlated with the degree of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is strongly related to several skin alterations that could be considered as markers of excessive weight. Skin care of obese patients deserves particular attention, not only because of the high prevalence of cutaneous alteration but mainly because many of these disorders are preventable and could be treated, improving patient's quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Piel/complicaciones , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Melasma can cause a significant effect on individual emotional well-being. Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MELASQoL) is a specific questionnaire elaborated to assess the burden of melasma on patient's quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical aspects, severity and the influence of melasma on daily living of a sample of Brazilian women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled 85 women with melasma older than 15 years of age. Trained investigators asked 55 questions to collect epidemiological and clinical data. The disease severity was clinically assessed using Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). Patients answered the Portuguese version of 10-item MELASQoL scale without coaching. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age was 41.1 +/- 6.8 years, and the mean +/- SD of MELASQoL score was 37.5 +/- 15.2 (median, 35). Patients with previous psychiatric diagnosis had significantly higher MELASQoL scores (mean, 42.8; SD, 13.6) than patients without this antecedent (mean, 35.4; SD, 15.4; P < 0.05). Patients with less than 8 years of school attendance also had significantly higher MELASQoL score (mean, 44; SD, 16.9) than more graduated ones (mean, 34.4; SD, 13.5; P < 0.05). The mean +/- SD MASI was 10.6 +/- 6.6 (median, 10.2). There was no correlation between MASI and MELASQoL. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that MELASQoL-BP is easy to administer, adds important information about the impact of melasma on South American women's life and, finally, contributes to building evidence on the validity, reliability and cultural adaptation of the Portuguese language MELASQoL version.
Asunto(s)
Melanosis/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Melanosis/epidemiología , Melanosis/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The karyotype of three species of Cichlasoma: C. dovii, C. managuense and C. friedrichstali were studied. The number of diploid chromosomes is 2n = 48 in the first two species. Their karyotypes are composed of four pairs of meta-submetacentric chromosomes. The arms fundamental number (NF) is 56. C. friedrichstali has three pairs of meta-submetacentric chromosomes and 21 pairs of subtelocentric-telocentric chromosomes. This species presents two different diploid numbers, 2n = 48 and 2n = 47.