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OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of early pregnancy, affecting up to 20% of recognized pregnancies. Kisspeptin is predominantly released by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, and regulates their placental invasion into the uterine matrices. We aimed to establish an association of serum kisspeptin levels with pregnancy outcomes during the early gestational stage of the first trimester. METHOD: In this prospective study, 90 pregnant women in their 7 to 8 6/7 gestational weeks were classified into three groups: (i) The control group, consisting of healthy pregnant women (n=30), (ii) the threatened abortion group (n=30), and (iii) the spontaneous abortion group (n=30). The maternal serum samples were analyzed for complete blood count parameters and kisspeptin levels. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference regarding body mass index (BMI) and gestational age (p=0.370). Regarding detailed obstetric notations, including gravida, parity, abortion, and living children, socioeconomic levels, and employment rates, all study groups were comparable (p>0.05, for all). No significant association was found regarding the biochemical parameters of complete blood count, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet concentrations, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) (p>0.05, for all). The median serum kisspeptin levels of the study groups did not differ between the groups (p=0.153). Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between serum kisspeptin levels and other study parameters in any study groups (p>0.05, for all). CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant relationship between serum kisspeptin concentrations and pregnancy outcomes in the early gestational stage of the first trimester, and serum kisspeptin concentrations did not seem to be a reliable marker to distinguish abortion status from viable pregnancy.

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OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed at determining prognostic factors that paved the way for umbilical cord entanglement (UCE) and the effects of UCE upon labor management and fetal health. METHODS: Sixty women who gave term birth with head presentation and received UCE diagnosis following birth composed the case group while another 60 women with the same characteristics who were selected with randomized sampling method and who did not develop UCE comprised the control group. The data obtained were processed with SPSS 22.0 statistical program. T test was used for comparing demographic and obstetric data and mean birth weight of babies in the case group and control group. For comparing data on active labor management and fetal health, numbers, percentages and chi-square test were used. Also for comparing values <5, Fisher's chi-square test was employed. RESULTS: Emergent cesarean delivery (case: 58.3.0%; control: 21.7%), vacuum assisted vaginal delivery (case: 20.0%; control: 3.3%), forceps assisted vaginal delivery (case: 8.3%; control: 1.7%), fetal distress (case: 60.0%; control: 25.0%), amniotic fluid meconium (case: 58.3%; control: 21.7%), APGAR score less than 7 at the 1st minute (case: 58.3%; control: 21.7%) and APGAR score less than 7 at the 5th minute were higher in the women in the case group than the women in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: UCE increased rates of interventional birth, emergent cesarean delivery, vacuum assisted vaginal delivery, forceps assisted vaginal delivery, amniotic fluid meconium and fetal distress.

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OBJECTIVE: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is a prevalent health problem that leads to increased morbidity and mortality, especially in preschool children. Anemia is recognized as a major health problem due to its negative effects on the mental and physical development during childhood. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of anemia of children in a kindergarten affiliated to the Directorate of National Education using a non-invasive method, and to investigate the effects of anemia on the physical, mental and neuromotor development of children. METHOD: The levels of anemia was evaluated by using a non-invasive measurement device. Data collection was performed by means of a questionnaire to evaluate the children's physical development and set Denver Developmental Screening Test II scores. RESULTS: Our findings show that 21% of non-anemic and 15% of anemic children are in the suspected abnormal group according to their DDST II total score. Furthermore, it has been identified that mild anemia has a positive effect on neuromotor development, while overweight and obesity affect neuromotor development in a negative way. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained from the study, mild anemia may have a positive effect on the children's neuromotor development, while malnutrition could have a negative impact.

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Summary Objective: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is a prevalent health problem that leads to increased morbidity and mortality, especially in preschool children. Anemia is recognized as a major health problem due to its negative effects on the mental and physical development during childhood. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of anemia of children in a kindergarten affiliated to the Directorate of National Education using a non-invasive method, and to investigate the effects of anemia on the physical, mental and neuromotor development of children. Method: The levels of anemia was evaluated by using a non-invasive measurement device. Data collection was performed by means of a questionnaire to evaluate the children's physical development and set Denver Developmental Screening Test II scores. Results: Our findings show that 21% of non-anemic and 15% of anemic children are in the suspected abnormal group according to their DDST II total score. Furthermore, it has been identified that mild anemia has a positive effect on neuromotor development, while overweight and obesity affect neuromotor development in a negative way. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the study, mild anemia may have a positive effect on the children's neuromotor development, while malnutrition could have a negative impact.

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