RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the value and significance of interleukin-8 in differentiation of uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UCPPE) from complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE). Using an IMMULITE 1000 Analyzer, with chemiluminescent immunometric assay, levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured in the pleural fluid of patients with UCPPE (n=30), and CPPE (n=30), and three classical parameters (pH, glucose, and LDH) in these two groups. Receiver-operating curves were to assess the sensitivity and specifity of interleukin-8 for differentiating between the two patient groups. IL-8 levels were statistically higher in the CPPE group. A positive significant correlation, was found between levels of IL-8 and and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r=0.68, p<0.05). There was also a positive significant correlation between IL-8 and protein level in pleural effusion (r=0.306, r<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between levels of IL-8 and pH (r=-0.83, p<0.05), and of IL-8 and glucose in pleural fluid (r=-0.61, p<0.05). A cut-off value of 1805.81 pg/ml, differentiated CPPE from UPPE with a sensitivity of 100% and a specifity of 98%. IL-8 may be used as an alternative marker for the complication of parapneumonic effusion.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-8 , Derrame Pleural , Neumonía/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Glucosa/análisis , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Interleucina-8/análisis , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/etiología , Derrame Pleural/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
Between January 2008 and June 2009, the Institute of Public Health received 16,352 notifications of mumps cases through routine surveillance: young people aged 15-19 years were most affected.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Vacuna contra la Parotiditis/uso terapéutico , Paperas/epidemiología , Paperas/prevención & control , Vigilancia de la Población , Vacunación/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , República de Macedonia del Norte/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The aim of the work was to detect the serum prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in patents with ESRD (end stage renal disease) on haemodialysis treatment from two dialysis units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 178 patients from two haemodialysis units in Skopje (Department of Nephrology and HDC Zelezara) who received haemodialysis treatment over the period January to July 2005 were involved in a cross-sectional analysis. Patients were aged 31 to 77 (mean 54) years. Serum samples were used for: detection of markers for hepatitis B - HBs antigen (Ag), HBsT antibody (Ab) and HBcT Ab with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay; detection of HIV Ab and HCV Ab with the ELISA method; detection of HCV RNA with qualitative PCR. Statistical analysis was done only of patients with complete serological investigations (HCV, HBV and HIV). RESULTS: Detectable markers for HBV infections were found in 43 patients (24.16%). Of these, 3 patients (1.68%) had positive HbsAg. Previous exposure to HBV was seen in 40 patients (22.47%). 57 patients (32.02%) had detectable markers (HCV Ab and/or HCV RNA) for HCV infections. 39 patients (21.91%) had detectable HCV RNA. 24 patients were positive for HBV and HCV markers. The total number of patients with anti HCV Ab was 56 (31.46%). All investigated patients were negative for anti HIV Ab. There is a positive correlation between AST elevation and HCV RNA (r = 0.342, p = 0.023) as well between AST elevation and HBsT (r = 0.300, p = 0.048). A positive correlation was found between ALT elevation and HCV RNA (r = 0.374, p = 0.012). A Chi square test found significance between the time on dialysis and detection of HCV RNA (chi-square 7.771, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of our survey presented a prevalence of 24.16% of HBV and a prevalence of 32.02% of HCV in patients with renal failure on haemodyalisis programmes from two dialysis units for the six month period. HIV was not detected among the investigated patients. Immunoenzyme tests were the method of choice for the screening programme. The use of the PCR for detection of nucleic acid of viruses that can be the cause of infection for these persons is especially important. Timely detection of HBV, HCV and HIV infection among haemodyalisis patients is necessary for the due performance of therapy, as well as for taking preventive measures for the protection of other patients and staff in the haemodyalisis unit.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Diálisis Renal , Adulto , Anciano , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/virología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
The scope of our study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MSy) and its components in the type 2 diabetic population with symptomatic coronary artery disease in a sample of the Macedonian population. 327 pts with type 2 diabetes and manifested coronary artery disease were randomly included in a survey. MSy was defined according ATP III criteria. The data presented a prevalence of MSy in 86.2%, respectively. 98% of pts had at least one more MSy component than impaired glycaemia. Study groups with four and three MSy components were most frequent in the study population. The data presented gender differences in MSy prevalence: 93.4% in women vs. 82.8% in men (p 0.009), as women tend to have a much more increased waist, arterial hypertension and low HDL. The most prevalent metabolic syndrome component was arterial hypertension (78.3%). Low HDL was detected in 67.9%, hypertriglicerydaemia in 62.7%, and an increased waist in 49.8% of the study population.