RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy (UIP) is a persistent public health concern in the United States disproportionately experienced by racial/ethnic minorities and women of low socioeconomic status. UIP often occurs with experiences of reproductive coercion (RC) and intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of the study was to qualitatively describe and compare contexts for UIP risk between low-income Black and White women with histories of IPV/RC. STUDY DESIGN: Semistructured interviews were conducted with low-income Black and White women with histories of IPV or RC, ages 18 to 29 years, recruited from family planning clinics in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. RESULTS: Interviews with 10 non-Hispanic Black women and 34 non-Hispanic White women (N = 44) were included in the analysis. Differences between White and Black women emerged regarding IPV/RC experiences, gender roles in intimate relationships, and trauma histories, including childhood adversity. Fatal threats and IPV related to childbearing were most influential among White women. Among Black women, pregnancy was greatly influenced by RC related to impending incarceration, subfertility, and condom nonuse, and decisions about contraception were often dependent on the male. Sexual abuse, including childhood sexual assault, in the context of sexual/reproductive health was more prominent among White women. Childhood experiences of neglect impacted pregnancy intention and love-seeking behaviors among Black women. CONCLUSIONS: Racial differences exist in experiences of IPV/RC with regard to UIP even among women with similar economic resources and health care access. These findings provide much-needed context to the persistent racial/ethnic disparities in UIP and illustrate influences beyond differential access to care and socioeconomic status.
Asunto(s)
Violencia de Pareja/etnología , Embarazo no Planeado/etnología , Salud Reproductiva/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Coerción , Anticoncepción/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Pennsylvania , Pobreza , Embarazo , Investigación Cualitativa , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Parejas Sexuales , Estados Unidos , Población Blanca , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the associations between race and/or ethnicity and young women's formal sex education and sex education by parents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 1768 women aged 15-24 years who participated in the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed 6 main outcomes: participants' report of: (1) any formal sex education; (2) formal contraceptive education; (3) formal sexually transmitted infection (STI) education; (4) any sex education by parents; (5) contraceptive education by parents; and (6) STI education by parents. The primary independent variable was self-reported race and/or ethnicity. RESULTS: Nearly all of participants (95%) reported any formal sex education, 68% reported formal contraceptive education, and 92% reported formal STI education. Seventy-five percent of participants reported not having any sex education by parents and only 61% and 56% reported contraceptive and STI education by parents, respectively. US-born Hispanic women were more likely than white women to report STI education by parents (adjusted odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.99). No other significant racial and/or ethnic differences in sex education were found. CONCLUSION: There are few racial and/or ethnic differences in formal sex education and sex education by parents among young women.
Asunto(s)
Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Responsabilidad Parental , Educación Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoncepción , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Oportunidad Relativa , Padres , Educación Sexual/métodos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/etnología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the independent effects of race/ethnicity and insurance status on desire for tubal sterilization reversal. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected by the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). SETTING: Interviews were conducted in person by a trained female interviewer in the participant's home. PATIENT(S): The NSFG is designed to represent women and men 15-44 years of age in the U.S. household population. The sample consisted of 934 women who had undergone tubal sterilization at any time before being interviewed. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Desire for sterilization reversal. RESULT(S): Among women older than 30 years at time of surgery, black women were significantly more likely to desire sterilization reversal compared with white women (adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2, 5.8). In the total cohort and in the subset of women 30 years or younger, there were no significant racial/ethnic variations in desire for sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION(S): Among women over age 30 at the time of tubal sterilization, black women were much more likely to express desire for reversal than white women.