RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depressive disorder encompasses a wide spectrum of somatic and psychological symptoms. It is not known whether there are differences regarding the cluster of depressive symptomatology between subjects with depression with and without T2DM. PURPOSE: To explore whether the cluster of depression that prevails among depressive subjects with T2DM differs from individuals with depression, but without T2DM. METHODS: 87 T2DM patients with a pathological Beck Depression Inventory test (BDI) were compared with 50 age- and gender-matched individuals with a major depressive disorder. All 21 items expressed in the BDI were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The score obtained after administering the BDI was comparable between patients with T2DM and significant depressive symptoms and the control group (18.8 ± 2.7 vs 18.9 ± 3.4; p = 0.9). Subjects with T2DM had higher scores compared with the control group in the following items: sadness (1.4 ± 0.9 vs 0.9 ± 0.9; p = 0.011), difficulty in concentration (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 0.8 ± 0.8; p = 0.01), indecisiveness (1.1 ± 0.8 vs 0.5 ± 0.9; p = 0.012), worries about their health (1.3 ± 0.9 vs 0.6 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001), fatigue (1.2 ± 0.6 vs 0.8 ± 0.7; p = 0.003) and loss of sexual appetite (2.7 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 1.3; p = 0.0001). Suicidal ideation was significantly lower among subjects with T2DM compared with the control group (0.1 ± 0.3 vs 0.6 ± 0.8; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with T2DM and a positive screening for depression presented a different cluster of depression compared with depressed subjects without T2DM, with a predominance of somatic-biological depressive symptoms rather than psychological-cognitive cluster and negative emotions, such as suicidal ideation.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Depresión/clasificación , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/etiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoRESUMEN
Objetivos: Validar y analizar la utilidad clínica de un modelo predictivo de cáncer de próstata que incorpora el biomarcador «[-2] proantígeno prostático específico» a través del índice de salud prostática (PHI) en la toma de decisión para realizar una biopsia de próstata. Material y métodos: Se aisló suero de 197 varones con indicación de biopsia de próstata para la determinación del antígeno prostático específico total (tPSA), fracción libre de PSA (fPSA) y [-2] proPSA (p2PSA); el PHI se calculó como p2PSA/fPSA × √tPSA. Se crearon 2 modelos predictivos que incorporaban variables clínicas junto a tPSA o a PHI. Se evaluó el rendimiento de PHI usando análisis de discriminación mediante curvas ROC, calibración interna y curvas de decisión. Resultados: Las áreas bajo la curva para el modelo tPSA y el modelo PHI fueron de 0,71 y 0,85, respectivamente. PHI mostró mejor capacidad de discriminación y mejor calibración para predecir cáncer de próstata, pero no para predecir un grado de Gleason en la biopsia ≥7. Las curvas de decisión mostraron un beneficio neto superior del modelo PHI para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata cuando el umbral de probabilidad está entre 15 y 35% y un mayor ahorro (20%) en el número de biopsias. Conclusiones: La incorporación de p2PSA a través de PHI a los modelos predictivos de cáncer de próstata mejora la exactitud en la estratificación del riesgo y ayuda en la toma de decisión sobre realizar una biopsia de próstata
Objectives: To validate and analyse the clinical usefulness of a predictive model of prostate cancer that incorporates the biomarker «[-2] pro prostate-specific antigen» using the prostate health index (PHI) in decision making for performing prostate biopsies. Material and methods: We isolated serum from 197 men with an indication for prostate biopsy to determine the total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), the free PSA fraction (fPSA) and the [-2] proPSA (p2PSA). The PHI was calculated as p2PSA/fPSA × √tPSA. We created 2 predictive models that incorporated clinical variables along with tPSA or PHI. The performance of PHI was assessed with a discriminant analysis using receiver operating characteristic curves, internal calibration and decision curves. Results: The areas under the curve for the tPSA and PHI models were 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. The PHI model showed a better ability to discriminate and better calibration for predicting prostate cancer but not for predicting a Gleason score in the biopsy ≥7. The decision curves showed a greater net benefit with the PHI model for diagnosing prostate cancer when the probability threshold was 15-35% and greater savings (20%) in the number of biopsies. Conclusions: The incorporation of p2PSA through PHI in predictive models of prostate cancer improves the accuracy of the risk stratification and helps in the decision-making process for performing prostate biopsies
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análisis , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Predicción , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , BiopsiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To validate and analyse the clinical usefulness of a predictive model of prostate cancer that incorporates the biomarker «[-2] pro prostate-specific antigen¼ using the prostate health index (PHI) in decision making for performing prostate biopsies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We isolated serum from 197 men with an indication for prostate biopsy to determine the total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), the free PSA fraction (fPSA) and the [-2] proPSA (p2PSA). The PHI was calculated as p2PSA/fPSA×âtPSA. We created 2 predictive models that incorporated clinical variables along with tPSA or PHI. The performance of PHI was assessed with a discriminant analysis using receiver operating characteristic curves, internal calibration and decision curves. RESULTS: The areas under the curve for the tPSA and PHI models were 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. The PHI model showed a better ability to discriminate and better calibration for predicting prostate cancer but not for predicting a Gleason score in the biopsy ≥7. The decision curves showed a greater net benefit with the PHI model for diagnosing prostate cancer when the probability threshold was 15-35% and greater savings (20%) in the number of biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of p2PSA through PHI in predictive models of prostate cancer improves the accuracy of the risk stratification and helps in the decision-making process for performing prostate biopsies.
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Calicreínas/sangre , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Anciano , Área Bajo la Curva , Biopsia con Aguja , Calibración , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Biológicos , Clasificación del Tumor , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Objetivos. La cirugía artroscópica de rodilla es una técnica mínimamente invasiva con un dolor moderado durante las primeras 24 h. Nuestro objetivo principal ha sido determinar el valor del bloqueo ecoguiado del nervio safeno como método de control analgésico intraoperatorio y postoperatorio inmediato. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional y prospectivo. Todos los pacientes recibieron anestesia general con mascarilla laríngea. En el grupo de bloqueo safeno se realizó el bloqueo con 10 ml de ropivacaína al 0,475%. Se determinó la localización de la cirugía (grupo compartimento externo/grupo compartimento interno), el consumo de morfina, la EVA a los 5, 30, 60 y 120 min después de la cirugía y a las 24 h, la necesidad de fármaco de rescate, la aparición de náuseas y vómitos, el tiempo de estancia en la URPA, el retraso en el alta y el grado de satisfacción. Resultados. Se incluyeron 73 pacientes; en 46 la cirugía fue realizada con bloqueo safeno y en 27 sin bloqueo. El consumo de morfina intraoperatorio, postoperatorio y total fue significativamente menor en el grupo safeno, así como la EVA a las 24 h. En el subgrupo de cirugía de compartimento interno se mantuvieron las diferencias en la EVA 24 h, el consumo de morfina y el tiempo de estancia en la URPA. Conclusiones. El bloqueo ecoguiado del nervio safeno, especialmente en la cirugía artroscópica del compartimento interno de la rodilla, disminuye los requerimientos analgésicos obteniendo una mejor calidad en el control del dolor, mayoritariamente a las 24 h de la realización de la cirugía y sin ningún efecto secundario (AU)
Objectives. Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive technique with moderate pain during the first 24 h. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided saphenous nerve block as a method of pain control intraoperatively and postoperatively for this surgery. Material and methods. A prospective and observational study. All patients received general anesthesia with laryngeal mask in the saphenous group, nerve block was performed with 10 ml ropivacaine 0.475%. Location of the surgery (external compartment group/internal compartment group), morphine consumption, VAS for pain at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h after surgery, need for rescue medication, onset of nausea and vomiting, length of stay in PACU, delayed discharge and satisfaction were evaluated. Results. The study included 73 patients. Of these, 46 received saphenous nerve block and 27 didnt receive it. Consumption of intraoperative, postoperative and total morphine was significantly lower in the saphenous group as well as VAS at 24 h. In the subgroup of internal compartment surgery differences in VAS 24 h, morphine consume and lenght of stay in PACU were mantained. Conclusions. The ultrasound-guided block of saphenous nerve, particularly in the internal compartment arthroscopic knee surgery, decreases analgesic requirements, obtaining more effective pain control in the first 24 h postoperatively and without any known side effects (AU)
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Bloqueo Nervioso/instrumentación , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Bloqueo Nervioso , Analgesia/instrumentación , Atención Ambulatoria/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/instrumentación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/métodos , Artroscopía/instrumentación , Artroscopía/métodos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Anestesia General/métodos , Anestesia General , Máscaras Laríngeas , Morfina/uso terapéutico , 28599RESUMEN
Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del síndrome metabólico y de sus componentes individuales en los hallazgos en la biopsia de próstata, la pieza de prostatectomía radical y en la recidiva bioquímica. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de 1.319 varones sometidos a biopsia de próstata entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2011. El impacto en los hallazgos en la biopsia, en la pieza de prostatectomía radical y en la recidiva bioquímica se ha evaluado mediante regresión logística y regresión de Cox. Resultados: De los 1.319 pacientes 275 (21%) presentaban Síndrome metabólico y se diagnosticaron 517 cánceres de próstata. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de síndrome metabólico entre pacientes con cáncer de próstata que entre pacientes sin cáncer de próstata (25% frente a 18%; p = 0,002). Se encontraron peores hallazgos en la pieza de prostatectomía radical (grado de Gleason ≥ 7, p < 0,001; estadio ≥ T2c, p < 0,001; márgenes quirúrgicos positivos, p < 0,001) y un mayor porcentaje de recidivas bioquímicas en pacientes con síndrome metabólico que sin síndrome metabólico (24% frente a 13%; p = 0,003). El síndrome metabólico se comportó como factor predictivo independiente de encontrar un grado de Gleason de la pieza ≥ 7, así como de encontrar un estadio de la pieza ≥ T2c, y fue capaz de predecir de forma independiente una mayor tasa de recidivas bioquímicas (p < 0,001, OR: 3,6; p < 0,001 OR: 3,2; p = 0,03 HR: 1,7, respectivamente). Conclusiones: El síndrome metabólico se asocia a peores hallazgos en la pieza de prostatectomía radical y es un factor pronóstico independiente de recidiva bioquímica
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on prostate biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and on biochemical recurrence. Material and methods: An observational study was conducted of 1319 men who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2007 and December 2011. The impact on the biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and biochemical recurrence was evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression.Results: Of the 1319 patients, 275 (21%) had metabolic syndrome, and 517 prostate cancers were diagnosed. A greater percentage of metabolic syndrome was found among patients with prostate cancer than among patients without prostate cancer (25% vs. 18%; P = .002). Poorer results were found in the radical prostatectomy specimens (Gleason score ≥ 7, P < .001; stage ≥ T2c, P < .001; positive surgical margins, P < .001), and there was a greater percentage of biochemical recurrence in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (24% vs. 13%; P = .003). Metabolic syndrome behaved as an independent predictive factor of finding a Gleason score ≥ 7 for the specimen, as well as for finding a specimen stage ≥ T2c. Metabolic syndrome was also able to independently predict a greater rate of biochemical recurrence (OR: 3.6, P < .001; OR: 3.2, P = .03; HR: 1.7; respectively). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is associated with poorer findings in the radical prostatectomy specimens and is an independent prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Prostatectomía/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Pronóstico , Invasividad Neoplásica , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangreRESUMEN
Objetivos: Evaluar el perfil oncológico y el riesgo de recidiva bioquímica de pacientes con cáncer de próstata sometidos a prostatectomía radical en función del periodo en el que fueron intervenidos. Evaluar las diferencias en el PSA al diagnóstico de los pacientes con o sin recidiva bioquímica en función de dichos periodos. Material y métodos: Diseño observacional hacia delante de una cohorte de 972 prostatectomías radicales realizadas en 3 periodos (1994-2000, 2001-2006, 2007-2011). La importancia del PSA al diagnóstico en los periodos y en la recidiva bioquímica se evaluó mediante modelo lineal generalizado. El comportamiento predictivo independiente de recidiva bioquímica se analizó mediante regresión de Cox. Resultados: La mediana de seguimiento fue de 38 (16-76) meses. El PSA diagnóstico fue más alto en el periodo 1994-2000 (12,97 ng/ml, p < 0,001). Un 72% de los pacientes del periodo 2007-2011 frente al 55% de los del periodo 1994-2000 se diagnosticaron con estadio clínico T1c (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de extensión extracapsular en la pieza disminuyó del 27 al 18% del periodo 1994-2000 al periodo 2007-2011 (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de pacientes con recidiva bioquímica pasó del 38 al 14% del primer al tercer periodo (p > 0,001). La diferencia entre el PSA al diagnóstico de los pacientes con o sin recidiva bioquímica fue independiente del periodo (p = 0,84). El periodo en que se realiza la cirugía no es un factor predictivo independiente de recidiva bioquímica (p = 0,09). Conclusiones: Los pacientes del periodo 2007-2011 presentan menos enfermedad extracapsular en la prostatectomía radical. El periodo no es un factor predictivo independiente de recidiva bioquímica
Objectives: To evaluate the oncological profile and risk of biochemical recurrence of patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy based on the time period in which the patients were operated. To evaluate the differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis of patients with or without biochemical recurrence based on these time periods. Material and methods: Observation carried forward study of a cohort of 972 radical prostatectomies performed during 3 time periods (1994-2000, 2001-2006, 2007-2011). The importance of PSA at diagnosis on the time periods and on biochemical recurrence was assessed using a generalized linear model. The independent predictive behavior of biochemical recurrence was analyzed using Cox regression. Results: The median follow-up was 38 (16-76) months. PSA levels at diagnosis were higher in the period 1994-2000 (12.97 ng/mL, P < .001). Seventy-two percent of the patients from the period 2007-2011 were diagnosed as clinical stage T1c (P < .001), compared with 55% from the period 1994-2000. The percentage of extracapsular extension in the specimen decreased from 27% to 18% from the period 1994-2000 to the period 2007-2011 (p<.001). The percentage of patients with biochemical recurrence went from 38% to 14% from the first to the third period (P > .001). The difference between PSA levels at diagnosis for the patients with or without biochemical recurrence was independent of the period (P = .84). The period during which surgery was performed was not an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence (P = .09). Conclusions: Patients from the 2007-2011 period had less extracapsular disease in the radical prostatectomy. The period was not an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive technique with moderate pain during the first 24h. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided saphenous nerve block as a method of pain control intraoperatively and postoperatively for this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective and observational study. All patients received general anesthesia with laryngeal mask in the saphenous group, nerve block was performed with 10 ml ropivacaine 0.475%. Location of the surgery (external compartment group/internal compartment group), morphine consumption, VAS for pain at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h after surgery, need for rescue medication, onset of nausea and vomiting, length of stay in PACU, delayed discharge and satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 73 patients. Of these, 46 received saphenous nerve block and 27 didn't receive it. Consumption of intraoperative, postoperative and total morphine was significantly lower in the saphenous group as well as VAS at 24h. In the subgroup of internal compartment surgery differences in VAS 24 h, morphine consume and lenght of stay in PACU were mantained. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound-guided block of saphenous nerve, particularly in the internal compartment arthroscopic knee surgery, decreases analgesic requirements, obtaining more effective pain control in the first 24 h postoperatively and without any known side effects.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios , Analgesia/métodos , Artroscopía , Nervio Femoral , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Amidas/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatorios , Masculino , Meniscos Tibiales/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Morfina/uso terapéutico , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Ropivacaína , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on prostate biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and on biochemical recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted of 1319 men who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2007 and December 2011. The impact on the biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and biochemical recurrence was evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression. RESULTS: Of the 1319 patients, 275 (21%) had metabolic syndrome, and 517 prostate cancers were diagnosed. A greater percentage of metabolic syndrome was found among patients with prostate cancer than among patients without prostate cancer (25% vs. 18%; P=.002). Poorer results were found in the radical prostatectomy specimens (Gleason score ≥ 7, P<.001; stage ≥ T2c, P<.001; positive surgical margins, P<.001), and there was a greater percentage of biochemical recurrence in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (24% vs. 13%; P=.003). Metabolic syndrome behaved as an independent predictive factor of finding a Gleason score ≥ 7 for the specimen, as well as for finding a specimen stage ≥ T2c. Metabolic syndrome was also able to independently predict a greater rate of biochemical recurrence (OR: 3.6, P<.001; OR: 3.2, P=.03; HR: 1.7; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is associated with poorer findings in the radical prostatectomy specimens and is an independent prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence.
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Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/sangre , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Comorbilidad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Prostatectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oncological profile and risk of biochemical recurrence of patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy based on the time period in which the patients were operated. To evaluate the differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis of patients with or without biochemical recurrence based on these time periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observation carried forward study of a cohort of 972 radical prostatectomies performed during 3 time periods (1994-2000, 2001-2006, 2007-2011). The importance of PSA at diagnosis on the time periods and on biochemical recurrence was assessed using a generalized linear model. The independent predictive behavior of biochemical recurrence was analyzed using Cox regression. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 38 (16-76) months. PSA levels at diagnosis were higher in the period 1994-2000 (12.97ng/mL, P<.001). Seventy-two percent of the patients from the period 2007-2011 were diagnosed as clinical stage T1c (P<.001), compared with 55% from the period 1994-2000. The percentage of extracapsular extension in the specimen decreased from 27% to 18% from the period 1994-2000 to the period 2007-2011 (p<.001). The percentage of patients with biochemical recurrence went from 38% to 14% from the first to the third period (P>.001). The difference between PSA levels at diagnosis for the patients with or without biochemical recurrence was independent of the period (P=.84). The period during which surgery was performed was not an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence (P=.09). CONCLUSIONS: Patients from the 2007-2011 period had less extracapsular disease in the radical prostatectomy. The period was not an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objetivo: En los pacientes críticos el fracaso renal agudo (FRA) está asociado a disfunción multiorgánica (DMO) y su mortalidad es alta. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la evolución de los pacientes críticos con FRA y DMO tratados con hemodiafiltración venovenosa continua (HDFVVC). Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional en pacientes críticos. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) medicoquirúrgica del Hospital Universitario de Girona. Pacientes: Pacientes ingresados en la UCI con FRA y DMO tratados con HDFVVC. Principales variables de interés: Se recogieron variables demográficas, de gravedad y de DMO (SOFA [Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score]). Análisis estadístico comparativo y de regresión logística múltiple con la mortalidad a los 30 días como efecto principal de estudio. Resultados: Se estudió a 139 pacientes. Los factores predisponentes más frecuentes fueron hipotensión (98%) y sepsis (82%). Los órganos más frecuentemente afectados fueron los del sistema cardiocirculatorio (94%) y los del sistema respiratorio (47%) asociados al FRA. El SOFA medio fue de 11,4±2,7. Los pacientes traumáticos y los no oligúricos tuvieron una mejor supervivencia. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 61% y el análisis de regresión logística mostró que la edad superior o igual a 60 años (OR [odds ratio]=3,3 [intervalo de confianza {IC} del 95%: 1,5-7,0]) y el SOFA superior o igual a 11 puntos (OR=2,5 [IC del 95%: 1,1-5,3]) se relacionaron con la mortalidad. Conclusiones: La mortalidad de los pacientes críticos con FRA y DMO es alta. Los pacientes traumáticos y los no oligúricos tuvieron una mejor supervivencia. La edad superior o igual a 60 años y el SOFA superior o igual a 11 puntos fueron factores de riesgo independientes de mortalidad (AU)
Objective: Acute renal failure (ARF) is associated to multiple organ failure (MOF) in critically ill patients and its mortality is high. The main objective was to evaluate the outcome of critically ill patients with ARF and MOF treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Design: Retrospective and observational study on critically ill patients. Setting: Medical-surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a University Hospital of Girona. Patients: Patients admitted in ICU that developed ARF and MOF and were treated with CVVHDF. Primary variables of interest: We collected data on demographic, and severity and organic dysfunction scores (SOFA). To study the risk factors for mortality, a comparative and multiple regression statistical analysis was performed, with the main effect of the study being mortality at 30 days. Results: We studied 139 patients. The most frequent predisposing factors were hypotension (98%) and sepsis (82%). the most frequently affected organs were cardiocirculatory (94%) and respiratory (47%) associated to ARF. Mean SOFA score was 11.4±2.7 points. Survival was better in traumatic and in non-oliguric patients. The 30-day mortality was 61% and the logistic regression analysis showed that age >60 years [OR=3.3 (95% CI 95=1.5-7.0)] and SOFA score >11 points [OR=2.5 (95% CI=1.1-5.3)] were related to mortality. Conclusions: The mortality rate of critically ill patients with acute renal failure and multiple organ failure remains high. Traumatic and non-oliguric patients have a better survival. Age >60 years and SOFA >11 points were independent risk factors associated with mortality (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Hemodiafiltración/estadística & datos numéricos , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/terapia , Enfermedad Crítica , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Hospitales Universitarios/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Acute renal failure (ARF) is associated to multiple organ failure (MOF) in critically ill patients and its mortality is high. The main objective was to evaluate the outcome of critically ill patients with ARF and MOF treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). DESIGN: Retrospective and observational study on critically ill patients. SETTING: Medical-surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a University Hospital of Girona. PATIENTS: Patients admitted in ICU that developed ARF and MOF and were treated with CVVHDF. PRIMARY VARIABLES OF INTEREST: We collected data on demographic, and severity and organic dysfunction scores (SOFA). To study the risk factors for mortality, a comparative and multiple regression statistical analysis was performed, with the main effect of the study being mortality at 30 days. RESULTS: We studied 139 patients. The most frequent predisposing factors were hypotension (98%) and sepsis (82%). the most frequently affected organs were cardiocirculatory (94%) and respiratory (47%) associated to ARF. Mean SOFA score was 11.4 + or - 2.7 points. Survival was better in traumatic and in non-oliguric patients. The 30-day mortality was 61% and the logistic regression analysis showed that age > or = 60 years [OR=3.3 (95% CI 95=1.5-7.0)] and SOFA score > or = 11 points [OR=2.5 (95% CI=1.1-5.3)] were related to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate of critically ill patients with acute renal failure and multiple organ failure remains high. Traumatic and non-oliguric patients have a better survival. Age > or = 60 years and SOFA > or = 11 points were independent risk factors associated with mortality.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Hemodiafiltración/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/terapia , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comorbilidad , Enfermedad Crítica , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitales Universitarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Anafilaxia/complicaciones , Vasos Coronarios/anatomía & histología , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/efectos adversos , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/inmunología , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/uso terapéutico , Anafilaxia/etiología , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Sinusitis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
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Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anafilaxia , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio , Vasos CoronariosRESUMEN
El traumatismo de aorta torácica es una lesión asociada a una alta morbimortalidad en el lugar del accidente. En los años noventa se generalizó el tratamiento mediante la colocación de un stent endovascular con buenos resultados. En este trabajo presentamos una serie de cinco casos clínicos de pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de nuestro hospital durante el año 2006. De un total de 619 pacientes ingresados en el mismo periodo, 121 (19,5%) fueron traumáticos y 5 (4,13%) sufrían traumatismos de aorta torácica. Todos los pacientes fueron diagnosticados por tomografía computarizada helicoidal torácica al ingreso. Cuatro pacientes tenían un pseudoaneurisma de aorta y fueron intervenidos. Tres recibieron tratamiento endovascular dentro de las 36 primeras horas y el otro al vigesimoctavo día del ingreso. El quinto paciente presentó una lesión de la íntima y no se intervino. La evolución posterior fue buena en todos los casos (AU)
Thoracic aorta traumatism is a lesion associated to high morbidity-mortality at the site of the accident. In the 90s, treatment by placement of an endovascular stent was generalized with good results. In this work, we present a series of 5 clinical cases of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital during the year 2006. Out of a total of 619 patients admitted in the same period, 121 (19.5%) were traumatic and 5 (4.13%) had thoracic aorta traumatisms. All of the patients were diagnosed by thoracic helical computed tomography on admission. Four patients had a pseudoaneurism of the aorta and underwent an operation. Three received endovascular treatment within the first 36 hours and the fourth on day 28 of admission. The fifth patient had a lesion of the intima and was not operated on. Posterior evolution was good in all the cases (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aorta Torácica/lesiones , Aorta Torácica , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Traumatismo Múltiple , Traumatismo Múltiple/cirugía , Prótesis Vascular , Stents , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos VascularesRESUMEN
Thoracic aorta traumatism is a lesion associated to high morbidity-mortality at the site of the accident. In the 90's, treatment by placement of an endovascular stent was generalized with good results. In this work, we present a series of 5 clinical cases of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital during the year 2006. Out of a total of 619 patients admitted in the same period, 121 (19.5%) were traumatic and 5 (4.13%) had thoracic aorta traumatisms. All of the patients were diagnosed by thoracic helical computed tomography on admission. Four patients had a pseudoaneurism of the aorta and underwent an operation. Three received endovascular treatment within the first 36 hours and the fourth on day 28 of admission. The fifth patient had a lesion of the intima and was not operated on. Posterior evolution was good in all the cases.
Asunto(s)
Aorta Torácica/lesiones , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Traumatismo Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Prótesis Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismo Múltiple/cirugía , Stents , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos VascularesRESUMEN
The inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and andrographolide (AND), the most medicinally active phytochemical in the extract, on hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) activities was examined using rat and human liver microsomes. For this purpose, CYP1A2-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, CYP2B1-dependent benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylation, CYP2B6-dependent bupropion hydroxylation, CYP2C-dependent tolbutamide hydroxylation, CYP2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and CYP3A-dependent testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation activities, were determined in the presence and absence of APE or AND (0-200 microM). APE inhibited ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity in rat and human liver microsomes, with apparent Ki values of 8.85 and 24.46 microM, respectively. In each case, the mode of inhibition was noncompetitive. APE also inhibited tolbutamide hydroxylation both in rat and human microsomes with apparent Ki values of 8.21 and 7.51 microM, respectively and the mode of inhibition was mixed type. In addition, APE showed a competitive inhibition only on CYP3A4 in human microsomes with Ki of 25.43 microM. AND was found to be a weak inhibitor of rat CYP2E1 with a Ki of 61.1 microM but did not affect human CYP2E1. In conclusion, it cannot be excluded from the present study that APE could cause drug-drug interactions in humans through CYP3A and 2C9 inhibition.
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Andrographis/química , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/efectos de los fármacos , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Diterpenos/administración & dosificación , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body and plays an important role in a number of metabolic pathways. Specifically, it is involved in amino acid and nucleotide synthesis, in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in ureagenesis. Glutamine has been classified as a non-essential amino acid because the body can synthesize it, but under severe clinical conditions, the pool of glutamine is depleted and could be considered as conditionally essential. Low levels of glutamine are associated with a decrease in the immune response, changes in the structure and function of the intestinal mucose and the gut associated lymphoid tissue, a decreased anti-oxidant capacity and changes of the insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients. Administration of supplemental glutamine by enteral or parenteral route has produced controversial results. Most of the studies published support the hypothesis that glutamine can change the morbidity-mortality of the critically ill patients. There are unresolved questions related to the dose of glutamine and the best way to administer it, and particularly the subgroups of patients who will really benefit from this treatment.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Glutamina/uso terapéutico , HumanosRESUMEN
La glutamina es el aminoácido más abundante del organismo y está implicada en numerosos procesos del metabolismo intermediario, sobre todo en la síntesis de aminoácidos y purinas, en el ciclo de los ácidos tricarboxílicos y en la generación de urea. Aunque se ha considerado un aminoácido no esencial debido a que puede ser sintetizado por el organismo, existen situaciones clínicas graves que cursan con una depleción marcada, por lo que ha sido considerado como condicionalmente esencial. Los niveles bajos de glutamina se asocian con alteraciones de la función inmune, con cambios en la estructura y función de la mucosa intestinal y del tejido linfático asociado, con disminución de la capacidad oxidante y con modificaciones de la sensibilidad a la insulina en el enfermo grave. La administración de suplementos clínicos de glutamina, tanto por vía enteral como parenteral, han dado resultados contradictorios pero, en su mayor parte, apoyan la hipótesis de que los aportes de glutamina pueden modificar la morbimortalidad de los enfermos graves. Quedan cuestiones pendientes de resolver como la dosis adecuada y la vía de administración, y más importante, definir aquellos subgrupos de pacientes que pueden beneficiarse más de su empleo
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body and plays an important role in a number of metabolic pathways. Specifically, it is involved in amino acid and nucleotide synthesis, in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in ureagenesis. Glutamine has been classified as a non-essential amino acid because the body can synthesize it, but under severe clinical conditions, the pool of glutamine is depleted and could be considered as conditionally essential. Low levels of glutamine are associated with a decrease in the immune response, changes in the structure and function of the intestinal mucose and the gut associated lymphoid tissue, a decreased anti-oxydant capacity and changes of the insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients. Administration of supplemental glutamine by enteral or parenteral route has produced controversial results. Most of the studies published support the hypothesis that glutamine can change the morbidity-mortality of the critically ill patients. There are unresolved questions related to the dose of glutamine and the best way to administer it, and particularly the subgroups of patients who will really benefit from this treatment
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Glutamina/farmacocinética , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Glutamina/administración & dosificación , Aminoácidos/farmacocinética , Sistema Inmunológico/fisiopatología , Apoyo Nutricional/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To report one case of prostatic abscess and subdural empyema by Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: We describe the case of a 51 year old male patient who was diagnosed of prostatic abscess and subdural empyema by Staphilococcus aureus. We use clinical presentation and physical exploration based on rectal digital examination, as diagnostic approach method. And computerized axial tomography and transrectal ultrasonography, which allows the guided needle drainage of the abscess, as diagnostic confirmation methods. RESULTS: The clinical picture resolved with the transrectal ultrasonography guided needle aspiration of the abscess and conservative treatment with antibiotics and urinary diversion. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic abscess is an uncommon entity nowadays. Provided the great variety of symptoms, a great degree of clinical suspicion is needed for the diagnosis, and once it is got it, immediate aggressive treatment must be initiated. Transrectal ultrasonography allows not only the diagnosis, but also the drainage of the abscess. The culture of the obtained material identifies the etiological agent and the most specific antibiotic therapy.
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Absceso/complicaciones , Empiema Subdural/etiología , Enfermedades de la Próstata/complicaciones , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Absceso/diagnóstico , Absceso/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Próstata/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapiaRESUMEN
Introducción y objetivo: Presentamos el caso de un paciente con absceso prostático y empiema subdural por Staphilococo aureus. Material y método: Descripción de un caso de un paciente de 51 años de edad diagnosticado de absceso prostático y empiema subdural por Staphilococo aureus. Utilizamos como método de aproximación diagnóstica la sospecha clínica y la exploración física mediante tacto rectal. Como métodos de confirmación diagnóstica, pruebas de imagen, como la tomografía axial computerizada y la ecografía transrectal, que permite además el drenaje del material purulento. Resultados: El cuadro se resolvió con ecografía transrectal y punción-drenaje de la colección y con tratamiento conservador en base a antibioterapia y derivación urinaria. Conclusiones: El absceso prostático es en la actualidad una patología poco frecuente. Dada la gran variedad de presentación de esta entidad, hay que tener un alto grado de sospecha para su diagnóstico y una vez realizado comenzar un tratamiento inmediato agresivo. La ecografía transrectal permite, no sólo el diagnóstico, sino también la punción-drenaje del contenido purulento. El cultivo de las muestras obtenidas identifica el agente causante y la antibioterapia más adecuada
Introduction and objectives: To report one case of prostatic abscess and subdural empyema by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: We describe the case of a 51 year old male patient who was diagnosed of prostatic abscess and subdural empyema by Staphilococcus aureus. We use clinical presentation and physical exploration based on rectal digital examination, as diagnostic approach method. And computerized axial tomography and transrectal ultrasonography, which allows the guided needle drainage of the abscess, as diagnostic confirmation methods. Results: The clinical picture resolved with the transrectal ultrasonography guided needle aspiration of the abscess and conservative treatment with antibiotics and urinary diversion. Conclusions: Prostatic abscess is an uncommon entity nowadays. Provided the great variety of symptoms, a great degree of clinical suspicion is needed for the diagnosis, and once it is got it, immediate aggressive treatment must be initiated. Transrectal ultrasonography allows not only the diagnosis, but also the drainage of the abscess. The culture of the obtained material identifies the etiological agent and the most specific antibiotic therapy