RESUMEN
The large inner surface of porous silicon (pSi) not only provides unique opportunities for introducing various foreign materials into the open pores, but is also responsible for a lot of processes during the pSi cathode polarization. PSi surface and contact effects are considered in the article. The space charge layer induced by both the surface states and the double electrical layer in the solution is shown to have a decisive influence on the electrical conductivity of the silicon skeleton in the pSi layer. Depending on the depletion degree of the pSi skeleton, the electrochemical deposition of metals is possible either on the entire pSi surface or pore filling from the bottom. The erbium hydroxide formation in the process of the cathode polarization of pSi in the solution of erbium salt is shown to have a chemical nature and is stimulated by the alkalization of the cathode space. The formation of erbium-containing deposits occurs by the following mechanism. First, hydrogen is electrochemically reduced at the cathode. This causes the ion imbalance and leads to the alkalinization in the space near the cathode. The alkaline medium creates conditions for the chemical process of the erbium hydroxide formation. Formed as a gel, erbium hydroxide is physically adsorbed on the cathode surface as a film. The components of the solution are necessarily included in the deposit composition. The accompanying oxidation and dehydrogenation effects during the cathode pSi polarization are considered. Moreover, during the pSi oxidation, the solid phase extends in the pore increases the steric factor, which is essential for the formation of internal oxygen bonds. These effects are characteristic features of any pSi cathode treatment. These formation rules are true for any lanthanide. The obtained results open wide prospects for practical application of Er-filled pSi as a promising material for practical biomedical application as prospective electrodes.
RESUMEN
The article deals with evaluation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the prostate gland of rats with prostate cryotrauma caused with the help of Wartner® on the basis of biochemical studies results. The restored glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, TBA products were investigated in the prostate homogenate, together with the state of sperm according to the following characteristics: quantity, pathological forms, motility and time of its preservation. Correction was performed using the following drugs: Chondroitin sulfate, Tribestan, Chondroitin sulfate in combination with Tribestan, Prostoplant forte and Bioglobin-U. The obtained results showed that the prostate cryotrauma in rats caused by Wartner® was characterized by intensification of lipid peroxidation processes and reduced antioxidant protection, which negatively affected the sperm. All the studied drugs had a normalizing effect on the processes of liperoxidation and the state of sperm. However, the most pronounced positive effect was obtained when using Chondroitin sulfate during prostate cryotrauma in rats.
Asunto(s)
Próstata , Antioxidantes , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Superóxido DismutasaRESUMEN
A method for fabricating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates by immersion deposition of silver on a macroporous silicon (macro-PS) template with pore diameters and depth ranging from 500-1000 nm is developed. The procedure for the formation of nanostructured silver films in the layers of macro-PS was optimized. Silver particles of dimensions in the nano- and submicron-scale were formed on the external surface of the macro-PS immersed in the water-ethanol solution of AgNO3, while the inner pore walls were covered by smaller, 10-30 nm diameter, silver nanoparticles. Upon introducing the hydrofluoric acid to the reaction mixture, the size of nanoparticles grown on the pore walls increased up to 100-150 nm. Such nanostructures were found to yield SERS-signal intensities from CuTMpyP4 analyte molecules of the same order to those obtained from silvered mesoporous silicon reported previously. The tested storage stability for the silvered macro-PS-based samples reached up to 8 months. However, degradation of the SERS intensity under illumination by the laser beam during spectral measurements was observed. To improve the stability of the SERS-signal a hybrid structure involving graphene oxide deposited on the top of analyte molecules adsorbed on the Ag/macro-PS was formed. A systematic observation of the time evolution of the characteristic peak at 1365 cm-1 showed that the addition of the oxidized graphene layer over the analyte results in â¼2 times slower decay of the Raman intensity, indicating that the graphene coating can be used to enhance the stability of the SERS-signal from the CuTMpyP4 molecules.
RESUMEN
A modular design for a miniature thermal conductivity cell suitable for a dilution refrigerator and other sample-in-vacuum cryogenic environments with different magnet options is described. The sample is mounted once and the contacts remain in place when the unit is repositioned or transported between different magnets and cryostats. This mobility enables comprehensive measurements with access to specific options, such as vector magnet in one lab and ultra-high field in another. This design enables significant expansion of the temperature range by using not only dilution refrigerators but also 3He, 4He cryostats and even ubiquitous Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System.
RESUMEN
The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is large and according to various studies is from 3 to 21%. In the Russian Federation to date, there are no major epidemiological studies assessing the functional state of the thyroid gland. It seems relevant to study the TSH level in patients who turned to the clinical units of a large hospital in the North-West region to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients of different sex and age. 5,303 patients were examined, who applied to the I.P. Pavlov SPbSMU clinics for 2017. In all patients the level of TSH and free T4 was determined. SH was considered to increase the level of TSH more than 4.0 mIU/l at a normal level of free T4. Patients were divided into groups by age and TSH level in accordance with existing recommendations. Among the examined patients were 29.26% of men and 70.73% of women. The mean age was 55.08 ± 17.07 years. The TSH level had an abnormal distribution and averaged 2.77 mIU/l (TSH median 1.73 mIU/l). In women the level of TSH was significantly higher in all studied groups of patients (p = 0.0001). Among women, significant differences in the level of TSH between the elderly and young patients (p = 0.015) were found. The incidence of SH in the total group of patients was 10.1%. In the men surveyed, the incidence of SH was 7.3%, and in the female group - 11.3%. In the elderly patients, the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in women was 2 times higher than that of men. In most cases (77.4%) in patients with SH, the TSH level was in the range of 4.0-6.9 mIU / L. The clinical significance of minimal thyroid insufficiency requires further study.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/diagnóstico , Tirotropina/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Federación de Rusia , Pruebas de Función de la TiroidesRESUMEN
Genetic and epigenetic changes were investigated in chronically irradiated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations from territories that were heavily contaminated by radionuclides as result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. In comparison to the reference site, the genetic diversity revealed by electrophoretic mobility of AFLPs was found to be significantly higher at the radioactively contaminated areas. In addition, the genome of pine trees was significantly hypermethylated at 4 of the 7 affected sites.
Asunto(s)
Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Variación Genética/efectos de la radiación , Pinus sylvestris/efectos de la radiación , Exposición a la Radiación/análisis , Monitoreo de Radiación , Metilación de ADN , PinusRESUMEN
Superconducting NbN nanonetworks with a very small number of interconnected nanowires, with diameter of the order of 4 nm, are fabricated combining a bottom-up (use of porous silicon nanotemplates) with a top-down technique (high-resolution electron beam lithography). The method is easy to control and allows the fabrication of devices, on a robust support, with electrical properties close to a one-dimensional superconductor that can be used fruitfully for novel applications.
RESUMEN
The plasma-facing (first) mirrors in ITER will be subject to sputtering and/or contamination with rates that will depend on the precise mirror locations. The resulting influence of both these factors can reduce the mirror reflectance (R) and worsen the transmitted image quality (IQ). This implies that monitoring the mirror quality in situ is an actual desire, and the present work is an attempt towards a solution. The method we propose is able to elucidate the reason for degradation of the mirror reflectance: sputtering by charge exchange atoms or deposition of contaminated layers. In case of deposition of contaminants, the mirror can be cleaned in situ, but a rough mirror (due to sputtering) cannot be used anymore and has to be replaced. To demonstrate the feasibility of the IQ method, it was applied to mirror specimens coated with carbon film in laboratory conditions and to mirrors coated with contaminants during exposure in fusion devices (TRIAM-1M and Tore Supra), as well as to mirrors of different materials exposed to sputtering by plasma ions in the DSM-2 plasma stand (in IPP NSC KIPT).
RESUMEN
The results of study of ultrastructural changes in the Sertoli cells and Leydig's cells organelles after destructive influence of the serotonin hydrochloride and under influence bioglobin-U have been presented. It was shown that serotonin hydrochloride causes mitochondrial dysfunction and activates intracellular catabolic processes on the intracellular level. Bioglobin-U increases the activity and reparative synthetic reactions, reduced the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction and catabolic processes and activate the Leydig cell metabolism, and significantly reduces the number of foci destruction membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and membranes of nucleus on the background of serotonin hydrochloride.
Asunto(s)
Atrofia/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores Biológicos/farmacología , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Serotonina/efectos adversos , Células de Sertoli/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Atrofia/inducido químicamente , Atrofia/patología , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Retículo Endoplásmico/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Membranas Intracelulares/efectos de los fármacos , Membranas Intracelulares/ultraestructura , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/ultraestructura , Masculino , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/ultraestructura , Placenta/química , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Células de Sertoli/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
In this review new scientific technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcrip- tomics) were used to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic action of probiotics, which are a major component ofthe normal human microflora (microbiota). Modern terms, definitions, classification of probiotic preparations are provided in the paper, the list of the probiotics registered in the Russian Federation is also submitted. The review analyzes the majority of mechanisms of probiotics action on a human body. The problem of safe application of probiotics is considered along with the detailed characteristic of the most effective production probiotic strains. New scientific technology to assess the effects of probiotic bacteria on the various functions of the macroorganism are also examined. In the review the special attention is paid to discussion of effectiveness of the probiotics impact in chronic infectious and metabolic disease processes (atherosclerosis, lipid distress syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, etc.), which are the most active during dysbacteriosis and the destruction of normal microflora. From data of this article clearly that new scientific technologies will allow us to establish the functions of proteins that regulate metabolic and signaling pathways and affect the expression of genes required for the adaptation of probiotic strains in contact with the human body. In this review it is shown that the successful solution of this problem is closely connected with application of new scientific technologies for studying the composition and functions of the human microbiota, methods of active influence on her, and also with development of more sophisticated and effective probiotic preparations.
Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Disbiosis/terapia , Microbiota/fisiología , Obesidad/terapia , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Aterosclerosis/microbiología , Aterosclerosis/patología , Bifidobacterium/fisiología , Biología Computacional , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Disbiosis/microbiología , Disbiosis/patología , Enterococcus/fisiología , Humanos , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/patología , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
This paper content analytical review of literature on commensal microflora and endogenous inductors of pathophysiological reactions of innate immunity. The important role of participation in the homeostasis of the intestinal microflora, the repair of tissue damage, maintaining the innate immune system in a state of physiological tone by interacting with receptors pattern recognition receptors. Effects of the interaction of components commensal flora and innate immune receptors play an important role in physiological processes of microorganism in maintaining the balance of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial substances.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata , Inflamación/inmunología , Receptores de Reconocimiento de Patrones/inmunología , Receptores Toll-Like/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Homeostasis/inmunología , Humanos , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIM: Determination of enterotoxigenicity and ability to synthesize TSST-1 in S. aureus strains, isolated from breast milk of women, feeding children with infectious pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 35 S. aureus strains, isolated from breast milk of women feeding children with varying infectious pathology in hospitals and as outpatients were studied for the presence of staphylococci enterotoxins (SE) of types A and B and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1). Determination of SEA, SEB and TSST-1 was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Toxins were detected in 94.2% of S. aureus strains. SEB was synthesized by 86.7%, SEA--34.3%, TSST-1--42.8% of S. aureus strains. Toxins were detected with equal frequencies in healthy women and women with inflammatory diseases of breasts. Differences in frequency of colonization of intestines of children receiving breast milk, infected with toxigenic and non-toxigenic staphylococci strains was not detected. CONCLUSION: A high frequency of occurrence of enterotoxins and TSST-1 in S. aureus, isolated from breast milk of the mother during infectious pathology in the child was discovered. Enterotoxigenic strains can be detected in breast milk in healthy women. Study of the role of breast milk, infected with S. aureus, producing SEA, SEB And TSST-1 in development of child pathology is necessary.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Enterotoxinas/biosíntesis , Leche Humana/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/etiología , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Superantígenos/biosíntesis , Toxinas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Lactancia Materna/efectos adversos , Portador Sano , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Enterotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Lactante , Intestinos/microbiología , Masculino , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/patología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Superantígenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. Investigations were carried out on 20 white Wistar rats. Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal).
Asunto(s)
Glicosaminoglicanos/sangre , Nitratos/toxicidad , Proteoglicanos/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Condroitín/sangre , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
The review of data of the literature on a role of intestinal microflora, genetic features of a macroorganism, exogenic factors and character of a food is presented at obesity and a type 2 diabetes. Researches establish, that development in experimental animals of the induced obesity and the type 2 diabetes, depends on a diet and presence of intestinal microflora. The factors increasing permeability mucous intestines, promote a translocation of intestinal automicroflora and its toxins into macroorganism and a system blood-circulation. Long introduction LPS (endotoxin) of gram-negative bacteria to the special laboratory animals led to development of inflammatory reaction, adiposity and resistance to insulin. The specified phenomena did not develop at LPS introduction to the animals, who have lost receptor CD14 which is necessary for linkage and endotoxin action. Data about change of intestinal microflora and a role of immune infringements are discussed at obesity and the type 2 diabetes occurring into background of low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiología , Intestinos/microbiología , Microbiota , Obesidad/microbiología , Animales , Bacterias/patogenicidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Humanos , Inflamación/microbiología , Inflamación/patología , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/patologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Chromosomal ivyC and plasmid pliC lysozyme inhibitor genes frequency of occurrence detection in klebsiella strains of various origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 129 strains were studied including K. pneumoniae (n= 115) and K. oxytoca (n=14). Klebsiella strains were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - 62 strains (39 isolated in Kazan and 23 strains isolated from children with klebsiella infection in Moscow). Kazan strains were presented by isolates from young children receiving in-patient treatment regarding klebsiella (n=8), respiratory (n= 17), rotavirus (n=5) and purulent-inflammation infection ofnewborns (n=9). Group 2 (n=67) was composed of strains isolated from children that had received outpatient treatment regarding intestine dysbacteriosis in Kazan (n=37) and Moscow (n=30). ivyC and pliC gene detection was carried out by PCR (N.B. Perunova et al., 2012). RESULTS: Chromosomal ivyC gene determinants were isolated in 40.3% of cases (52 strains of 129), plasmid pliC gene - 6.9% (9 of 129). ivyC gene frequency of occurrence in klebsiella strains isolated from 39 ill children of Kazan was 46.6% of cases (18 of 39), in Moscow clinical strains - 95.5% (22 of 23) cases, wherein 6 strains had ivyC and pliC genes at the same time. Dysbiosis intestine strains had chromosomal ivyC gene at the frequency of 61.2% (41 of 67), 1 strain additionally had pliC gene. CONCLUSION: . The presence of ivyC and pliC lysozyme inhibitor genes in klebsiella clinical strains provides bacteria with selective advantages in various biotopes in the process of bacterial colonization of mucous membrane.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Muramidasa/genética , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/genética , Infecciones por Klebsiella/patología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidad , Membrana Mucosa/microbiología , Membrana Mucosa/patología , Muramidasa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Analysis of literature data and author studies on the role of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) of Gram negative bacteria in women genital tract pathology and obstetric complications is presented. The role of endogenous infection associated with altered microecology of intestinal tract and vaginal biotopes of women in the development of endotoxinemia is discussed. The participation of endotoxin in embryo resorption, delay of intrauterine development and antenatal death of fetus, premature birth, pre-eclampsia, placental dysfunction is examined. The level of endotoxinema and pro-inflammatory cytokines is a marker of chronic endogenous infectious-inflammatory disease of various parts of genital tract with damage of a network of female reproduction system organs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/microbiología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/patogenicidad , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/patología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/patología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Vagina/microbiología , Vagina/patologíaRESUMEN
Analysis of summarized data obtained by us on ultrastructure of microbial biofilms of opportunistic bacteria is presented. A complex ultrathin organization of lactobacilli, enterobacteria, staphylococci and enterococci biofilms discovered during electron microscopy is described. The presence of surface film and polysaccharide matrix that determine increased resistance of intrabiofilm bacteria against the effect of protective immune factors of the organism and etiotropic preparations is demonstrated in all the studied comminutes. A varied response of bacterial cells contained in the biofilm during antagonistic effect of symbiont probiotic bacteria was discovered.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/ultraestructura , Biopelículas , Microscopía Electrónica , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/patogenicidad , Probióticos , SimbiosisRESUMEN
Magnetoresistance oscillations were observed on networks of superconducting ultrathin Nb nanowires presenting evidence of either thermal or quantum activated phase slips. The magnetic transport data, discussed in the framework of different scenarios, reveal that the system behaves coherently in the temperature range where the contribution of the fluctuations is important.
RESUMEN
Effects of disodium salt 2,4-di(1-metoxyethyl)-deuteroporphyrine-IX (Dimegin) and the light from Soret band (¼395-405 nm) at the viability of microbial cells and at their potential to form microbial biofilms have been compared with traditional antiseptics. Irradiation of microbial cells of S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and others with diode light (power density 0.05 Wt/cm2) caused a bactericidial effect similar to that obtained with standard anticeptics (chlorhexidine and dioxidine). A comparative study of the effectiveness of Dimegin and Photoditazine (a soluble salt of chlorine e6) as photosensitizers have been performed using the test system of erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro under irradiation with light from the Sore band. Results have shown insignificant difference in the photodynamic effect with similar doses of absorbed light and preparation concentration.
Asunto(s)
Deuteroporfirinas/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glucosamina/análogos & derivados , Glucosamina/farmacología , Humanos , Luz , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Fotoquimioterapia , Quinoxalinas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The purpose of the research was the study of nitrite impact on energy metabolism in salivary gland tissues in connection with chronic nitrate intoxication. The study has been carried out on 100 Wistar rats, weighing 160-250 g, which were divided into following groups: the 1st group consisted of intact rodents (control); the 2nd group consisted of experimental rodents, where chronic nitrate intoxication has been reproduced during 14, 30, 60 and 90 days. Intoxication leads to hypoxia, which complications cause tissue hypoxia. Has been established that prolonged intake of nitrates in low doses leads to their accumulation in salivary glands tissues all these result in derangement of metabolism at the intermembrane cellular level. At the same time energy metabolism in salivary glands is inhibited, resulting in their dysfunction at the excretory and endocrine levels.