RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. OBJECTIVES: Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. METHODS: Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of ß-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. RESULTS: Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of ß-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. CONCLUSION: Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 17).
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Ciclooxigenasa 2/efectos de los fármacos , Inulina/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/efectos de los fármacos , Prebióticos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/sangre , Dimetilhidrazinas , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Femenino , Glucuronidasa/sangre , Glucuronidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Neoplasias Experimentales , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/sangre , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Quinasa de Factor Nuclear kappa BRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications following heart surgery. The aim of this work was to verify the relationship between inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and postoperative arrhythmia. METHODS: 45 patients with ischemic heart disease (12 women and 33 men, mean age 62.3 ± 9.4 years) underwent surgical myocardial revascularization. The extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was used in 30 patients, without ECC was 15 patients. During the first 3 postoperative days was determining the incidence and duration of the AF, laboratory markers of inflammation (CRP, leukocytes, TNFα), malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Demographic data and associated disease were in this patients similar. The incidence of AF we documented in 30 patients (66.7%). In patients with postoperative AF were significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers (leukocytes 13.6 ± 3.6 vs 11.3 ± 3.6; 14.7 ± 3.9 vs 12.5 ± 2.9; 13.7 ± 4.1 vs 11.4 ± 13.7; p 0.05; CRP 138.1 ± 41.1 vs 69.9 ± 25.8; p 0.001; TNFα 11.3 ± 14.3 vs 8.7 ± 3.6; 12.1 ± 14.5 vs 8.7 ± 3.1; p 0.05) compared with patients who were free from AF. Values of MDA were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Patients with post-operative atrial fibrillation were higher levels of inflammatory markers compared with patients with sinus rhythm but no significant differences in the levels of oxidative stress.
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Fibrilación Atrial/metabolismo , Revascularización Miocárdica/efectos adversos , Estrés Oxidativo , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Circulación Extracorporea , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to test the activity of a marine bioactive compound containing high-purity caviar-derived DNA, collagen elastin and protein extracts from sturgeon (LD-1227, Caviarlieri, Laboratoires Dom, Switzerland) to exert neuroprotective properties in an experimental setting while also being potential triggers of neurogenesis in a separate in vitro study. Supplementation with high-DHA mixture of LD-1227 was applied for 30 days to stress model rats. Both supplementations significantly mitigated the histological brain damage when analyzing hippocampal subregions and corticosterone level. However, LD-1227 was most significantly efficient in preventing SOD, Catalase and ascorbic acid decrease in brain tissue. Both supplementations stimulated neurogenesis in vitro and neuron markers in particular but og olygodendrocyte markers and glia increased only in LD-1227-enriched medium. Taken together, these data suggest that LD-1227 is able to significantly protect the brain structure redox system to higher degree than DHA. Moreover, from in vitro study it appears that marine bioactive compound, through it wide array of small unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids and neurotransmitter precursors, is likely to influence neuronal and glial lineage to act differently from a DHA-rich mixture.
Asunto(s)
Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Proteínas de Peces/farmacología , Peces , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neurogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antígenos de Diferenciación/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Mezclas Complejas/química , Proteínas de Peces/química , Hipocampo/patología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/patología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) constitutes the major part of the total human microbiome and is considered to be an important regulator of human health and host metabolism. Numerous investigations in recent years have focused on the connection between the human microbiota and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes and atherosclerosis. Yet, little is known about the impact of probiotic consumption on the GIT microbial population and the potential effect on chronic diseases. In this study, the modulation of the microbial community in the murine small intestine resulting from probiotic feeding was investigated and was found to be associated with an anti-obesity effect. Changes in the microbiota of the mouse faeces and small intestine were monitored using quantitative real-time PCR and by following the mRNA expression levels of various obesity-related biomarkers following probiotic feeding in a mouse model. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus sakei NR28 (a putative probiotic strain isolated from kimchi) were administered at a daily level of approximately 1×10(8) viable bacteria per mouse (C57BL/6J mice) for up to three weeks. Feeding these strains resulted in a significant reduction of epididymal fat mass, as well as obesity-related biomarkers like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in the liver. The total number and ratio of the microbial groups, i.e. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium cluster I and XIVab, and Lactobacillus spp. were modulated in the small intestine, and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased. In contrast, no noticeable effect of probiotic feeding could be detected on the faecal microbiota, neither quantitatively, nor with regard to the bacterial groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium cluster I and XIVab, and Lactobacillus spp.) studied.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Metagenoma , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/metabolismo , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/administración & dosificación , Carga Bacteriana , Biomarcadores/análisis , Ácido Graso Sintasas/metabolismo , Heces/microbiología , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Probióticos/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This experimental work was designed to investigate the efficacy of prebiotic by itself and in combination with Hyppocastani extractum siccum, and Lini oleum virginale on selected parameters in rats with dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 12 rats each. Rats were fed with high fat (HF) diet containing 10 % of fat, supplemented by prebiotic at a dose of 2 % of HF diet itself and in combination with Hyppocastani extractum siccum at a dose of 1 % of diet and Lini oleum virginale at a dose of 2 % of diet. Two weeks after the start of the diet dimethylhydrazine injections in dose 20 mg/kg b.w. were applied (DMH, Merck, DE), two times at week interval. The activity of beta-glucuronidase, concentration of lipid parameters, bile acids and short chain fatty acids were determined. RESULTS: Prebiotic and its combinations with selected substances significantly decreased the activity of bacterial enzyme beta-glucuronidase (p<0.001). Bile acids concentration was significantly decreased (p<0.01) excepting combination of prebiotic with Horse chestnut. Self applied prebiotic decreased (p<0.001) lipids parameters (total cholesterol and triacylglycerols), and enhanced short chain fatty acids production. CONCLUSION: Prebiotics have protective effect and may be the useful candidate agents for colon cancer prevention and treatment. The application of selected bioactive food components supported the effect of prebiotics (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 16). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.
Asunto(s)
Aesculus , Neoplasias del Colon/prevención & control , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Prebióticos , Animales , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Inulina , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Diet interventions and natural bioactive supplements have now been extensively studied to reduce risks of colon cancer, which is one of the major public health problem throughout the world. The objective of our investigation was to study the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, nutritional plant extract, and plant oil on selected biochemical and immunological parameters in rats with colon cancer induced by N,N dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Male and female Wistar albino rats were were fed by a high-fat (HF) diet (10% fat in the diet) and were divided into 9 groups: Control group; PRO group - HF diet supplemented with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to provide 3 x 109 c.f.u. of strain/1 ml of medium; PRE group - HF diet supplemented with inulin enriched with oligofructose (2% of HF diet); HES group - HF diet supplemented with plant extract of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (1% of HF diet); OIL group - HF diet comprised Linioleum virginale (2% of HF diet); and combination of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds in the groups - PRO-PRE, PRO-HES, PRO-OIL, PRE-OIL. Carcinogenesis was initiated with subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg) two times at week interval and dietary treatments were continued for the six weeks. Application of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds in all treated groups significantly decreased the activities of bacterial enzymes (p<0.001), the fecal bile acids concentration (p<0.01; p<0.001) and significantly increased serum TNFalpha level (p<0.001) in comparison to the control rats. The number of coliforms was reduced in PRO, PRO-PRE, PRO-OIL and PRE-OIL groups and significantly higher count of lactobacilli (p<0.05) was observed in PRO-PRE, PRO-OIL and PRE-OIL groups in compare with the controls. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds could exert a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH.
Asunto(s)
Aesculus , Neoplasias del Colon/prevención & control , Inulina/farmacología , Lactobacillus , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Probióticos/farmacología , 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina , Animales , Carga Bacteriana , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/análisis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Colon/inmunología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present experimental study was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic on chemically induced carcinogenensis in rats fed with high fat diet (HF). METHODS: Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups. In experimental group rats were treated with prebiotic at the dose of 2% of HF diet. N,N-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injections were applicated in dose 20 mg/kg b.w., two times at week interval. In the end of eight weeks experimental period blood samples and feaces were taken from the rats and used for laboratory analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with prebiotic inulin significantly (p < 0.001) decreased enzymatic activity of bacterial enzymes in feaces. Similar tendency was noticed in concentration of bile acids and lipid parameters. Prebiotic undergo fermentation in the colon and enhanced short chain fatty acid production. CONCLUSION: Prebiotics may have potential health implications for protection against colon cancer (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 14).
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/prevención & control , Inulina/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Bacterias/enzimología , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Heces/microbiología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.
Asunto(s)
Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/fisiología , Probióticos/farmacología , Porcinos/microbiología , Ácido Acético/análisis , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/veterinaria , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana/veterinaria , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Contenido Digestivo/química , Contenido Digestivo/efectos de los fármacos , Contenido Digestivo/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Ácido Láctico/análisis , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and are suitable for consumption. Administration of Lactobacillus paracasei together with maltodextrin decreased the number of Escherichia coli colonising the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm compared to the control group. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring oligosaccharides, mainly of plant origin. L. paracasei administered in combination with FOS significantly increased counts of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., total anaerobes and total aerobes compared to the control group as well as the L. paracasei group. It also significantly decreased Clostridium and Enterobacterium counts in the faeces of the weanling piglets compared with the control group. Dietary lipids influence the gastrointestinal microbiota and specifically the population of lactic acid bacteria. In gnotobiotic piglets the oral administration of an oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) significantly increased the number of L. paracasei adhering to jejunal mucosa compared to the control group. Our results showed that maltodextrin KMS X-70 and PUFA can be used to enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the small intestine, and similarly FOS enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the large intestine.
Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Intestinos/microbiología , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Oligosacáridos/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , PorcinosRESUMEN
Oral administration of oil with an increased content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to germ-free piglets resulted in a significant increase in the total values of CD4, CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes, in peripheral blood in comparison with the controls. The metabolic activities of phagocytes as well as the polyclonal activation of lymphocytes were not significantly influenced. The level of growth factor was significantly higher, as determined on the basis of somatomedin in the blood serum. Biochemical indices showed a significant increase in the level of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in blood serum and the decrease in the level of arachidonic acid at the same time.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Vida Libre de Gérmenes/inmunología , Porcinos/inmunología , Administración Oral , Animales , Ácido Araquidónico/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Sustancias de Crecimiento/sangre , Inmunidad Celular , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Linfocitos/fisiología , Fagocitos/fisiología , Phocidae , Porcinos/sangre , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
The influence of administration of Lactobacillus paracasei alone and mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei and fructooligosaccharide on faecal bacteria counts in the weanling pigs was investigated. The administration of Lactobacillus paracasei alone significantly decreased Clostridium (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05) counts as compared to the control. Lactobacillus paracasei administered in combination with fructooligosaccharide significantly increased Lactobacillus (p < 0.01-p < 0.05), Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05), total anaerobes (p < 0.05), and total aerobes (p < 0.05) counts compared to control group as well as Lactobacillus paracasei group and significantly decreased Clostridium (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.01) counts compared to control group. The results obtained point out to a synergic effect of the combination of Lactobacillus paracasei and fructooligosaccharide on numbers of bacterial populations observed in the faeces of the weanling pigs.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/microbiología , Lactobacillus , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bifidobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Clostridium/efectos de los fármacos , Clostridium/aislamiento & purificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The influence of preventive administration of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and maltodextrin KMS X-70 on Escherichia coli 08: K88 adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract of 11 conventional and 6 gnotobiotic piglets was investigated. The preventive administration of L. casei alone had almost no inhibitory effect on the adherence of E. coli to the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic and conventional piglets while the lactobacilli administered together with maltodextrin decreased the number of E. coli colonising jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm (4.95 log 10/cm2) in comparison with the control group (5.96 log 10/cm2). L. casei administered in combination with maltodextrin decreased the number of E. coli colonising the jejunum of conventional piglets by more than two and half logarithm (4.75 log 10/cm2, p < 0.05) in comparison with the control (7.42 log 10/cm2). The inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus casei and maltodextrin KMS X-70 on the adhesion of E. coli to the intestinal mucosa of conventional and gnotobiotic pigs was probably mediated by Lactobacillus--produced antibacterial substances and stimulation of immunity.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/prevención & control , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiología , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana , Colon/microbiología , Diarrea/inmunología , Diarrea/microbiología , Escherichia coli , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Íleon/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Yeyuno/microbiología , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus casei/inmunología , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , PorcinosRESUMEN
The effect of inoculation of Lactobacillus casei on selected parameters of metabolic profile and intestinal metabolism of gnotobiotic piglets was investigated during the first three weeks of their life. The experiment was carried out on 8 germ-free piglets. The experimental group was inoculated once a day with the Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei strain. The inoculum contained 1 x 10(8) microorganisms in 1 ml. The control group of piglets received no inoculum. Lactobacillus casei colonized jejunum and ileum in the numbers from 5.63 to 6.06 log 10 cm-2 and their numbers in the jejunal and ileal contents were in the range 8.38-9.87 log 10.ml-1. The daily consumption of milk by the inoculated animals was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The average weight of inoculated piglets at the end of the period investigated was higher by 29.7%. Lactobacillus casei affected several parameters investigated. Piglets inoculated with lactobacilli showed significantly lower (p < 0.05-0.01) values of pH of the jejunal content, numbers of erythrocytes, values of haematocrit, urea, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol and calcium in the serum and significantly higher values (p < 0.05-0.01) of lactic acid in the jejunal content. The values of phagocytic activity and the index of phagocytic activity in the piglets of the experimental group were two to three-fold higher in comparison with those detected in the control group. The application of Lactobacillus casei affected positively the growth of gnotobiotic piglets, their intestinal metabolism, the level of cholesterol in the serum and phagocytic activity.
Asunto(s)
Crecimiento/fisiología , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiología , Lacticaseibacillus casei , Porcinos/fisiología , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Íleon/fisiología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Yeyuno/fisiología , Leche , FagocitosisRESUMEN
In the present study, the effect of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus fermentum inoculation on jejunum and ileum colonization in gnotobiotic piglets has been observed. The characteristic features of the strains used were strong adherence to pig epithelial gut cells as well as inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic E. coli under in vitro conditions. Strains were inoculated to 2, 3, and 4 day old gnotobiotic piglets at a dose of 2 ml (1 x 10(8) germs/ml). On the second day after the last inoculation, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei strain counts adhered to the jejunum mucosa and those adhered to the ileum mucosa were 4.54 log 10.cm-2 and 5.40 log 10.cm-2, respectively. Lactobacillus fermentum counts adhered to the jejunum mucosa and those adhered to the ileum mucosa were 5.73 log 10.cm-2 and 4.01 log 10.cm-2, respectively. On day 5 after the last inoculation, the counts in both strains were by one log higher. The results obtained point out to the fact that Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus fermentum colonized the mucosa of both jejunum and ileum and survived in the intestinal tract. The adherence of lactobacilli to gut cells in vitro correlated with their capability to adhere to the mucosa of both jejunum and ileum in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Íleon/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Yeyuno/microbiología , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/microbiología , Administración Oral , Animales , Lacticaseibacillus casei/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The effect of the inoculation of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains upon lactic, acetic, acetoacetic and propionic acid levels in the mucosal film (F) and the jejunal and ileal contents (O) has been investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. In the jejunum of the inoculated animals, the mucosal film revealed significantly increased levels of lactic, propionic and acetoacetic acids when compared to the contents (25.3 vs. 10.8 mmol.l-1, 18.5 vs. 5 mmol.l-1 and 29.7 vs. 11.2 mmol.l-1, respectively) as well as insignificantly increased acetic acid levels (11.0 vs. 5.8 mmol.l-1). In the ileum of gnotobiotic pigs, propionic acid levels of the mucosal film were significantly higher than those of the contents (21.2 vs. 9.5 mmol.l-1, p < 0.05). In comparison to the contents, the increased lactic, acetic and acetoacetic acid levels in the film proved to be insignificant. The above results suggest that the significantly increased levels of the Lactobacilli-produced organic acids may present an efficient barrier inhibiting the adherence of digestive tract pathogens to the intestinal mucosa.
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Ácidos Carboxílicos/metabolismo , Contenido Digestivo , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiología , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Lactobacillus , Animales , Duodeno/fisiología , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Íleon/fisiología , PorcinosRESUMEN
In the present study, the effect of Lactobacillus spp. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 08:K88+Ent+ under in vitro and in vivo conditions has been compared and the effect of inoculation of Lactobacillus spp. upon the colonization of both the jejunum and ileum by enteropathogenic E. coli 08:K88+Ent+ in 9 gnotobiotic pigs has been observed. Under in vitro conditions, the strain Lactobacillus spp. showed the inhibition of 2.1 +/- 0.1 mm against enteropathogenic E. coli 08:K88+Ent+. Two days after the inoculation, the enteropathogenic E. coli 08:K88+Ent+, inoculated to the control group of gnotobiotic pigs (E), colonized the mucosa of both jejunum and ileum of gnotobiotic pigs at counts of 6.41 and 6.08 log 10/cm2, respectively. In experimental group (L-E), the counts of adhered enteropathogenic E. coli in the identical sections of the small intestine, following the inoculation by Lactobacillus spp., amounted to 6.35 and 6.43 log/cm2, respectively. In both groups, numbers of E. coli in the intestinal content of both jejunum and ileum were nearly the same (group E 9.03 and 9.31 log 10/ml; group L-E 8.97 and 9.11 log 10/ml). Two to five days after E. coli inoculation, Lactobacillus spp. counts adhered to the jejunal wall ranged from 5.4 to 6.49 log 10 cm2; in the ileum they ranged from 6.05 to 6.77 log 10 cm2. In the jejunal content, the lactobacilli counts ranged from 6.81 to 8.86 log 10/ml and in the ileum from 8.5 to 898 log 10/ml. Two days after the E. coli inoculation, the concentration of lactic acid in the content of jejunum in gnotobiotic pigs of the groups E and L-E was 16.3 mmol/l and 23.6 mmol/l, respectively. The concentration of acetic acid in the jejunum of the pigs of E and L-E groups was 15.9 mmol/l and 19.6 mmol/l, respectively. Similarly, the higher concentrations of both acids were found also in the ileum of the L-E pigs. The results obtained indicate that the used strain of Lactobacillus spp. which has been preventively inoculated to gnotobiotic pigs, did not prevent the adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli 08:K88+Ent+ to the mucosa of both jejunum and ileum also despite of the demonstrated inhibitory effect against enteropathogenic E. coli under in vitro conditions and despite good adherent ability in vivo. In both groups of animals, the diseases with pronounced clinical signs as well as losses have occurred.
Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Lactobacillus/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To collect information from licensed child-care centers in Mississippi on their foodservice operations relative to participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program sponsored by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA); to collect information on who planned the menus; and to evaluate the energy and nutrient content of the planned menus relative to the suggested goal of one third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and the recommendations made in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. DESIGN: Survey questionnaire. SETTING: Licensed child-care centers in Mississippi. SAMPLES: Ninety-two licensed child-care centers provided cycle menus for analysis. One hundred eighteen centers returned the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content of the menus relative to the meal-pattern guidelines established for the Child and Adult Care Food Program; the energy and nutrient content of the menus relative to the RDAs and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: One-way analysis of variance and frequencies. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the centers reported participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program. All but one of the centers planned menus that met the meal-pattern requirements established by the program, licensure, and Head Start Performance Standards. Results showed that following the established meal-pattern guidelines for the child nutrition programs may not guarantee consistent nutritional quality of planned menus in child-care centers. The mean amounts of energy and many nutrients were significantly lower (P < .05) for centers that reported participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program. Mean fat levels for all centers exceeded the recommendation of no more than 30% of total energy from fat: 40.8% of total energy from fat was reported by centers that participated in the program and 38% by those that said they did not. APPLICATIONS: Additional guidance is needed for menu planning in child-care centers to ensure compliance with the nutritional goal of meeting one third of the RDAs and Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Asunto(s)
Guarderías Infantiles/normas , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Servicios de Alimentación/normas , Planificación de Menú/normas , Política Nutricional , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Lactante , Mississippi , Sodio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Programas Informáticos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium were observed in the blood serum of beef bullocks after their transfer from winter feed ration to grazing and in the successive grazing cycles within two years. Blood samples were taken by puncture from the vena jugularis from the identical six bullocks. In the first year of observation, blood collection took place a week before transfer to grazing while in the second year of observation twice in weekly intervals before grazing. In the period of grazing, the biological material was sampled in weekly intervals from week 1 to week 5 (May--Ist cycle, June--IInd cycle), then in week 10 (July--IIIrd cycle) and in week 14 (August--IVth cycle of grazing). Calcium concentrations in the blood serum of beef bullocks (Fig. 1) decreased after transfer from stable feeding to grazing while this drop was significant in the second year of observation (P < 0.05). That period was followed by an increase in serum calcium concentrations in both target groups. The concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in the serum of beef bullocks (Fig. 2) dropped after transfer to grazing but a gradual increase in the values was recorded in week 4 in the first year of observation and in week 5 of grazing in the 2nd year of observation. These changes were not statistically significant. The concentrations of serum magnesium in beef bullocks (Fig. 3) statistically significantly dropped (P < 0.05) after transfer from stable feeding to grazing in week 3 in the first year of observation and in week 4 of grazing in the second year of observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Bovinos/sangre , Minerales/sangre , Animales , Calcio/sangre , Magnesio/sangre , Masculino , Fósforo/sangre , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangreRESUMEN
Observations were carried out of actual acidity, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, enzyme activity in the rumen, total protein, urea, total lipid and glucose in the serum of conventional (CL) and gnotobiotic lambs (GL) in the period of milk nutrition. The inoculum of gnotobiotic lambs contained Streptococcus bovis, Prevoxella ruminicola, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium at a concentration of 1.10(6) each. Throughout the observation period the pH of the rumen contents of gnotobiotic lambs ranged within 6.5-6.8 with a significant difference at an age of 7 weeks. Total VFA concentrations in the rumen contents were increased in the CL throughout milk nutrition: the differences at 4 and 5 weeks of age were significant. Total VFA in the conventional lambs revealed an increasing tendency between weeks 4 and 7, reaching higher levels at 7 weeks of age (57.1 mmol.l-1), whereas in the gnotobiotic animals the range (24.3-30.1 mmol.l-1) was narrow and the peak occurred at 6 weeks of age. In GL significantly increased molar proportions of acetic acid were observed whereas in CL the molar proportions of propionic acid proved to be significant increased. The molar proportions of butyric and valeric acids were increased in CL but the group differences were not significant. In GL no isoacids were found. Alpha amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.) activity of the rumen contents was significantly increased in GL between weeks 2 and 6 of age whereas cellulase (endoglucanase E.C.3.2.1.4. and cellobiohydrolase E.C.3.2.1.91.) activity was significantly increased in 4-week-old CL. Over the whole period of milk nutrition no significant differences were observed in urease (E.C.3.5.1.5.) activity of the rumen contents in the examined groups. At 5 weeks of age significantly increased total protein levels were observed in the conventional animals with maximum levels occurring at 4 weeks of age (CL-59.5 g.l-1 GL-55.3 g.l-1). Urea levels in 6-week old conventional lambs were significantly higher than in the gnotobiotic animals (CL-6.4 mmol.l-1 vs. GL-1.9 mmol.l-1). As to glycaemia no significant group differences were recorded. In the conventional animals total lipid levels were significantly increased at 1 and 6 weeks of age with a peak occurring in the first week of life (7.5 g.l-1) whereas in the gnotobiotic lambs a significant increase was observed at 3 weeks of age, the peak being recorded in 4 week-old animals (4.3 g.l-1). Throughout the period of interest the mean daily weight gains in the conventional and gnotobiotic lambs presented 0.164 and 0.162 kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Rumen/fisiología , Ovinos/fisiología , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Celulasa/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/análisis , Femenino , Fermentación , Contenido Digestivo/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lípidos/sangre , Leche , Valores de Referencia , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
This research investigated the relationship between young children's temperament and maternal teaching techniques in 20 mother-child dyads. Children's temperament was assessed by mothers' reports on the Behavioral Style Questionnaire. Teaching behaviors, as assessed with the Maternal Teaching Observation Technique, were inquiry, directive, negative verbal feedback, modeling, visual cue, physical affection, positive physical control, and negative physical control. Correlations were -.55 to -.60 for activity with mothers' use of verbal cues, children's adaptability and mothers' positive and negative verbal feedback, and children's distractability and mothers' modeling. The need for further research on parent-child interactions is noted.