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BACKGROUND: There is little evidence that smoking is associated with metastasis in patients with cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVE: Using a propensity score matching analysis, we assessed whether smoking was associated with a higher rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis and worse survival in these patients. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study at a referral hospital for melanoma. We studied 762 patients with known smoking status from the melanoma database of the Instituto Valenciano de Oncología who underwent SLN biopsy between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016. The patients were matched by smoking status. The matching procedure was implemented using three logistic regression models featuring never vs. former smokers, never vs. current smokers and former vs. current smokers. The study outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), melanoma-specific survival (MSS), overall survival (OS) and SLN status. RESULTS: The following groups were formed based on the propensity matching scores: 114 pairs of smokers vs. never smokers, 113 pairs of smokers vs. former smokers and 174 pairs of never smokers vs. former smokers. Smoking status was not associated with SLN metastasis or with DFS, MSS or OS in any of the three groups. CONCLUSION: Smoking does not influence SLN metastasis or survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

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INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La ecografía ganglionar locorregional como parte de la estadificación previa a la biopsia del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en pacientes con melanoma no se incluye habitualmente en las guías de manejo. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluarla desde la perspectiva clínica y económica. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 384 pacientes con melanoma primario de estadios clínicos I-II, en el periodo 2004-2015, a los que se les realizó una ecografía ganglionar locorregional (±biopsia ecodirigida) previa a la BSGC. Se evaluó la fiabilidad de la técnica y se realizó un análisis de su coste efectividad. RESULTADOS: En 23 pacientes (6%) se pudo evitar la realización de la BSGC mediante la técnica. La ecografía mostró una sensibilidad del 46% y una especificidad del 76% para la detección de ganglios metastásicos clínicamente no palpables. Los falsos negativos fueron significativamente más frecuentes en pacientes mayores de 60 años y con tumores <2mm. El coste unitario del proceso de estadificación mediante BSGC con ecografía-biopsia ecodirigida generó un sobrecoste de 16,30 €. El análisis coste-efectividad identificó como estrategia dominante desde ese punto de vista el protocolo de estadificación con ecografía y BSGC, con una ratio coste-efectividad inferior a la de la alternativa consistente en BSGC (8.095,24 vs. 28.605,00 € CONCLUSIONES: La ecografía con biopsia ecodirigida como método diagnóstico de estadificación previo a la BSGC es una herramienta útil y coste-efectiva, que no sustituye a la BSGC, pero que permite en un porcentaje no desdeñable de casos evitar su realización

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Locoregional lymph node ultrasound is not typically included in guidelines as part of the staging process prior to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and economic analysis of lymph node ultrasound prior to SLNB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 384 patients with clinical stage I-II primary melanoma who underwent locorregional lymph node ultrasound (with or without ultrasound-guided biopsy) prior to SLNB between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the strategy. RESULTS: Use of locorregional lymph node ultrasound avoided SLNB in 23 patients (6%). Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 76% for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes that were not clinically palpable. False negatives were significantly more common in patients aged over 60 years and in tumors with a thickness of less than 2mm. The staging process using SLNB and ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy produced an increase of €16.30 in the unit price. Our cost-effectiveness analysis identified the staging protocol with ultrasound and SLNB as the dominant strategy, with a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than the alternative, consisting of SLNB alone (8,095.24 vs. € 28,605.00). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnostic staging of melanoma prior to SLNB is a useful and cost-effective tool. This procedure does not substitute SLNB, though it does allow to avoid SLNB in a not insignificant proportion of patients

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Locoregional lymph node ultrasound is not typically included in guidelines as part of the staging process prior to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and economic analysis of lymph node ultrasound prior to SLNB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 384 patients with clinical stage I-II primary melanoma who underwent locorregional lymph node ultrasound (with or without ultrasound-guided biopsy) prior to SLNB between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the strategy. RESULTS: Use of locorregional lymph node ultrasound avoided SLNB in 23 patients (6%). Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 76% for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes that were not clinically palpable. False negatives were significantly more common in patients aged over 60 years and in tumors with a thickness of less than 2mm. The staging process using SLNB and ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy produced an increase of €16.30 in the unit price. Our cost-effectiveness analysis identified the staging protocol with ultrasound and SLNB as the dominant strategy, with a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than the alternative, consisting of SLNB alone (8,095.24 vs. €28,605.00). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnostic staging of melanoma prior to SLNB is a useful and cost-effective tool. This procedure does not substitute SLNB, though it does allow to avoid SLNB in a not insignificant proportion of patients.

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Introducción. El ganglio centinela (NC) es la primera estación de drenaje linfático de una lesión primitiva y, por tanto, con la máxima probabilidad de albergar una metástasis. El objetivo de este trabajo es ahorrar la morbilidad y coste de linfadenectomías innecesarias en pacientes con melanoma clínicamente no diseminado (75-89 por ciento) y mejorar la estadificación por localización del NC fuera del área de drenaje habitual. Pacientes y métodos. Se han estudiado 55 pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma de riesgo intermedio (Breslow 0,75-4 mm).Para localizar las áreas de drenaje linfático, a todos los pacientes se les realizó una linfogammagrafía mediante la inyección intradérmica subcicatrizal de sulfuro coloidal-99mTc antes de la intervención. Veinte minutos antes de ésta se inyectó igualmente 1 cm3 de azul de isosulfán (Lymphazurin®).La búsqueda intraoperatoria del NC se realizó en 9 pacientes con el colorante exclusivamente y en 46 con la técnica combinada del colorante y una sonda detectora de rayos gamma (Navigator®).Resultados. El NC se localizó en 53 pacientes (96 por ciento), estaba infiltrado en siete de ellos (13 por ciento) y era el único ganglio afectado en cinco (71,5 por ciento). Conclusiones. La linfadenectomía selectiva en el melanoma es una técnica de escasa morbilidad, que puede evitar linfadenectomías completas innecesarias en pacientes con melanoma de riesgo intermedio (AU)

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