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INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias are defined as vascular dilations that communicate capillaries and veins in the walls of the digestive tract. The clinical presentation of these lesions varies from chronic occult bleeding to severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AIM: The primary aim of our study was to analyze lesion location, the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy with argon plasma coagulation, and the factors associated with rebleeding in patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 32,042 endoscopies was carried out within the time frame of January 2012 and December 2013 at our hospital center. Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia was the diagnosis in 331 of the endoscopies. The procedures included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and enteroscopy. RESULTS: The most frequent location of the angiodysplasias was the cecum (49%), followed by the ascending colon (17%) and the sigmoid colon (16%). They were most frequently found in the duodenum (60%) and gastric body (49%) at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Therapeutic endoscopy was performed in 163 cases (49.8%) and the most predominant methods were fulguration with argon (90%) and combination treatment (argon plasma coagulation and injection sclerotherapy) (6.7%). The macroscopic rebleeding rate after therapeutic endoscopy was 7.4%. Patients that had rebleeding presented with a lower hemoglobin concentration, higher mean age, and the presence of multiple angiodysplasias at endoscopy (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic endoscopy was performed in 49.8% of the patients with angiodysplasias. The macroscopic rebleeding rate after treatment was 7.4%. There were statistically significant differences in the patients with rebleeding in relation to mean age, hemoglobin values, and the presence of multiple angiodysplasias.

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BACKGROUND: endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a high accuracy technique for the study of many digestive diseases. The degree of knowledge about the impact of EUS on the management of these patients is inadequate. AIM: to determine the therapeutic impact of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on a prospective cohort of patients. METHODS: all patients referred for EUS over a period of 2 years were prospectively evaluated in order to asses: 1. EUS provides new information not previously known; 2. theoretic impact of EUS on patient management; 3. real impact of EUS on final therapy; 4. changes in the aggressiveness of the therapeutic decision after EUS. RESULTS: 700 patients were included. Preoperative assessment of digestive tumors was the commonest indication. EUS provided "new information" in the 89% of the patients. With regard to endoscopist opinion, these findings should alter the management in 79% of patients ("theoretic impact"). However, EUS prompted a change in the management in 67% of patients ("real impact"). Final therapy post-EUS was less aggressive in 34% of patients. Changes in therapeutic decision were associated with EUS findings, alcohol intake and age ≥ 57 years old. CONCLUSIONS: 1) EUS findings, advanced age, and alcohol intake are associated with a change in the management in 2 out of every 3 patients referred for EUS. 2) Therapeutic decision (post-EUS) is less aggressive in a third of these patients, what should represent a significant economic saving.

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Antecedentes: la ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE) es una técnica de gran precisión para el estudio de diferentes patologías digestivas. El grado de conocimiento sobre el impacto de la USE en el tratamiento de estos pacientes es escaso. Objetivo: determinar el impacto terapéutico de la USE en una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes. Material y métodos: estudio que evalúa de forma prospectiva a todos los pacientes remitidos para USE en un periodo de 2 años. Se analiza: a) si la USE aporta información no conocida previamente; b) el impacto teórico de la USE en el tratamiento; c) el impacto final/real de USE en el tratamiento; d) la variación en la decisión terapéutica tras realizar la USE. Resultados: se incluyeron 700 pacientes. La indicación más frecuente de USE era el estudio preoperatorio de tumores digestivos. La USE aportó “información nueva” en el 89% de los casos. En opinión del ecoendoscopista estos hallazgos deberían suponer un cambio terapéutico en el 79% de los pacientes (“impacto teórico”). Sin embargo, el tratamiento sólo se modificó en el 67% de los casos (“impacto real”). La estrategia terapéutica post-USE fue menos agresiva en el 34% de los casos. Los cambios en la actitud terapéutica se asociaban con los hallazgos de USE, ingesta de alcohol y edad > 57 años. Conclusiones: – Los hallazgos de la USE, la edad avanzada y el consumo de alcohol, se asocian con un cambio terapéutico en 2 de cada 3 pacientes remitidos a una unidad de USE. – La decisión terapéutica final (post-USE) es menos agresiva en un tercio de estos pacientes, lo que podría representar un ahorro económico significativo(AU)

Antecedents: endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a high accuracy technique for the study of many digestive diseases. The degree of knowledge about the impact of EUS on the management of these patients is inadequate. Aim: to determine the therapeutic impact of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on a prospective cohort of patients. Methods: all patients referred for EUS over a period of 2 years were prospectively evaluated in order to asses: 1. EUS provides new information not previously known; 2. theoretic impact of EUS on patient management; 3. real impact of EUS on final therapy; 4. changes in the aggressiveness of the therapeutic decision after EUS. Results: 700 patients were included. Preoperative assessment of digestive tumors was the commonest indication. EUS provided “new information” in the 89% of the patients. With regard to endoscopist opinion, these findings should alter the management in 79% of patients (“theoretic impact”). However, EUS prompted a change in the management in 67% of patients (“real impact”). Final therapy post-EUS was less aggressive in 34% of patients. Changes in therapeutic decision were associated with EUS findings, alcohol intake and age >= 57 years old. Conclusions: 1) EUS findings, advanced age, and alcohol intake are associated with a change in the management in 2 out of every 3 patients referred for EUS. 2) Therapeutic decision (post- EUS) is less aggressive in a third of these patients, what should represent a significant economic saving(AU)

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Introduction: the elevated risk of complications and technicalcomplexity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has limitedits implementation in our medical system.Objective: to design and evaluate a training program forlearning the ESD technique.Methods: four endoscopists with no experience with ESD underwenta 4-step training program: 1) review of the existing literature,didactic material, and theoretical aspects of ESD; 2) ESDtraining in an ex-vivo animal model; 3) ESD training in an in-vivoanimal model (supervised by ESD expert); and 4) ESD performancein a patient. A standard gastroscope and an ESD knife (IT,Flex or Hook-knife Olympus®) were employed. The classical ESDtechnique was performed: rising of the lesion, circumferential incision,and submucosal dissection.Results: ex-vivo animal model: 6 x swine stomach/esophagus–cost < 100 euro; 6 x ESD: antrum (n = 2), body (n = 3) andfundus/cardia (n = 1)–; size of resected specimen: 4-10 cm; ESDduration: 105-240 minutes; therapeutic success: 100%; complications:perforation (1/6: 16%) sealed with clips. In-vivo animalmodel: 6 ESD (antrum/body of stomach: 4; esophagus: 2); size:2-5 cm; duration: 40-165 minutes; success: 100%; complications:0%. Patient: ESD of a gastric lesion located in theantrum/body; size: 3 cm; duration 210 minutes; a complete resectionwas achieved; no complications.Conclusions: the results of the present study support the usefulnessof this model for learning ESD in our system(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: The causal relation between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection is discussed. We evaluated the clinical evolution of rosacea after infection eradication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have prospectively studied 44 patients diagnosed with rosacea. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined, and infected patients were treated with eradication therapy. The evolution of dermatological symptoms in a subgroup of 29 infected patients in whom eradication had been achieved was followed during 16.8 (+/- 17.8) months. Median age was 50.6 (+/- 14.1) years for 22 women (75.9%) and 7 men (24.1%). Clinical response according to gender and clinical subtype of rosacea was evaluated. RESULTS: Complete improvement was observed in 10 patients (34.5%; 95% CI: 18.6-54.3%), relevant improvement in 9 (31.1%; 95% CI: 16-51%), poor improvement in 5 (17.2%; 95% CI: 6.5-36.4%), and absence of improvement in 5 cases (17.2%; 95% CI: 6.5-36.4%). No significant differences in dermatological evolution according to sex were observed. Regarding subtype of rosacea there was a relevant improvement in 83.3% (95% CI: 64.1-93.8%) of cases with papulopustular type as opposed to 36.5% (95% CI: 20-56.1%) of cases with erythematous predominance, p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the relation between Helicobacter pylori and rosacea is supported, and infection should be investigated in these patients because an appreciable percentage of patients diagnosed with rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection can benefit from eradication therapy, mainly in the papulopustular subtype.

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Objetivo: la relación causal entre la rosácea y la infección porHelicobacter pylori es discutida. Se propuso valorar la evoluciónde los síntomas cutáneos de la rosácea tras la erradicación de lainfección.Pacientes y métodos: se estudió prospectivamente a 44 pacientesdiagnosticados de rosácea. Se determinó la infección porHelicobacter pylori y se administró terapia erradicadora a los pacientesinfectados. Se siguió durante 16,8 (±17,8) meses la evoluciónde los síntomas dermatológicos del subgrupo de 29 pacientesinfectados en los que se había conseguido la erradicación. La edadmedia fue 50,6 (±14,1) años, siendo 22 mujeres (75,9%) y 7 varones(24,1%). Se valoró la respuesta clínica en función del sexo ydel subtipo clínico de rosácea.Resultados: se observó mejoría completa en 10 pacientes(34,5%; IC95%: 18,6-54,3%), mejoría importante en 9 (31,1%;IC95%: 16,5-51%), mejoría escasa en 5 (17,2%; IC95%: 6,5-36,4%) y ausencia de mejoría en 5 casos (17,2%; IC95%: 6,5-36,4%). No se observaron diferencias significativas en función delsexo. Con respecto al subtipo de rosácea experimentaron buenarespuesta el 83,3% (IC95%: 64,1-93,8%) de las rosáceas pápulopustulosasfrente al 36,5% (IC95%: 20-56,1%) de las rosáceas depredominio eritematoso, p = 0,02.Conclusiones: con estos datos se sigue apoyando la relaciónHelicobacter pylori-rosácea y se debería investigar la infección enlos pacientes con esta enfermedad, ya que un porcentaje apreciablede pacientes diagnosticados de rosácea e infectados con Helicobacterpylori pueden beneficiarse de la terapia erradicadora dela infección, sobre todo en el subtipo pápulo-pustuloso

Objective: the causal relation between rosacea and Helicobacterpylori infection is discussed. We evaluated the clinicalevolution of rosacea after infection eradication.Patients and methods: we have prospectively studied 44patients diagnosed with rosacea. Helicobacter pylori infectionwas determined, and infected patients were treated with eradicationtherapy. The evolution of dermatological symptoms in a subgroupof 29 infected patients in whom eradication had beenachieved was followed during 16.8 (± 17.8) months. Median agewas 50.6 (± 14.1) years for 22 women (75.9%) and 7 men(24.1%). Clinical response according to gender and clinical subtypeof rosacea was evaluated.Results: complete improvement was observed in 10 patients(34.5%; 95% CI: 18.6-54.3%), relevant improvement in 9(31.1%; 95% CI: 16-51%), poor improvement in 5 (17.2%; 95%CI: 6.5-36.4%), and absence of improvement in 5 cases (17.2%;95% CI: 6.5-36.4%). No significant differences in dermatologicalevolution according to sex were observed. Regarding subtype ofrosacea there was a relevant improvement in 83.3% (95% CI:64.1-93.8%) of cases with papulopustular type as opposed to36.5% (95% CI: 20-56.1%) of cases with erythematous predominance,p = 0.02.Conclusions: based on these results, the relation betweenHelicobacter pylori and rosacea is supported, and infectionshould be investigated in these patients because an appreciablepercentage of patients diagnosed with rosacea and Helicobacterpylori infection can benefit from eradication therapy, mainly inthe papulopustular subtype

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INTRODUCTION: intestinal metaplasia associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is a stage of the temporal sequence of histological lesions gradually induced by this microorganism. It is considered a preneoplastic lesion and its regression after eradication is controversial. AIM: to assess the evolution of intestinal metaplasia after eradication and to investigate whether metaplasia is a factor that contributes to successful treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: four hundred Helicobacter pylori positive patients were studied. Eradicating therapy was administered and endoscopic biopsies of gastric antrum and body were taken before and after eradication. Among other histological data, the presence of intestinal metaplasia was assessed. RESULTS: of all patients successfully treated, biopsies were taken before and after eradication in 268 of them: 71 (26,5%) had metaplasia before and 50 (18,7%) after eradication. A significant difference was observed in the outcome (p = 0,036) of the first eradicating treatment between the group without initial metaplasia (72,7%) and the group with initial metaplasia (61.2%). DISCUSSION: Helicobacter pylori eradication can revert intestinal metaplasia in some patients. On the other hand, the first treatment could be less successful in patients with intestinal metaplasia.

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