RESUMEN
This study investigated the antioxidant activity of Cuphea glutinosa (CG) and its effect on Na+, K+-ATPase from cardiac muscle. The ethanolic extract showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed ß-sitosterol-3-O-ß-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercetin, gallic acid methyl ester, and gallic acid. The ethanolic extract also reduced the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. CG presented a promising antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity, supporting biochemical evidences the popular use of this plant in the treatment of heart failure.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Cuphea/química , Fitoquímicos/química , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Brasil , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Quempferoles/aislamiento & purificación , Miocardio , Extractos Vegetales/química , Quercetina/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of anthocyanins (ANT) on oxidative and inflammatory parameters, as well as ion pump activities, in the pons of rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide (EB). Rats were divided in six groups: control, ANT 30 mg/kg, ANT 100 mg/kg, EB (0.1%), EB plus ANT 30 mg/kg and EB plus ANT 100 mg/kg. The EB cistern pons injection occurred on the first day. On day 7, there was a peak in the demyelination. During the 7 days, the animals were treated once per day with vehicle or ANT. It was observed that demyelination reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities and increased 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and NO2plus NO3 levels. In addition, a depletion of glutathione reduced level/nonprotein thiol content and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity were also seen. The dose of 100 mg/kg showed a better dose-response to the protective effects. The demyelination did not affect the neuronal viability but did increase the inflammatory infiltrate (myeloperoxidase activity) followed by an elevation in interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ levels. ANT promoted a reduction in cellular infiltration and proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, ANT restored the levels of IL-10. Luxol fast blue staining confirmed the loss of myelin in the EB group and the protective effect of ANT 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, this study was the first to show that ANT are able to restore ion pump activities and protect cellular components against the inflammatory and oxidative damages induced by demyelination.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/farmacología , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Bombas Iónicas/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Aldehídos/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/metabolismo , Etidio/efectos adversos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Bombas Iónicas/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Vaina de Mielina/efectos de los fármacos , Vaina de Mielina/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine-challenged (SCO), and scopolamine+anthocyanins (SCO+ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200mgkg(-1); oral), the animals were SCO injected (1mgkg(-1); IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P<0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P<0.05). SCO decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P<0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.