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Older patients receiving antineoplastic treatment face challenges such as frailty and reduced physical capacity and function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on physical function outcomes, health-related quality of life (QoL), and symptom burden in older patients above 65 years with hematological malignancies undergoing antineoplastic treatment. This review adheres to Cochrane guidelines, with the literature searches last updated on 27 March 2024, including studies with patients above 18 years. Screening of identified studies, data extraction, risk of bias, and GRADE assessments were performed independently by two authors. Meta-analyses evaluated the impact of exercise, considering advancing age. Forty-nine studies contributed data to the meta-analyses. Five studies included patients with a mean age above 60 years, and none included only patients above 60. Exercise interventions had moderate to small positive effects on QoL global (SMD 0.34, 95% CI [0.04-0.64]) and physical function (SMD 0.29, 95% CI [0.12-0.45]). Age did not explain the variability in exercise effects, except for physical function (slope 0.0401, 95% CI [0.0118-0.0683]) and pain (slope 0.0472, 95% CI [0.01-0.09]), which favored younger patients. Exercise interventions improve physical function and QoL and reduce symptoms in adults with hematological malignancies undergoing antineoplastic treatment; however, the influence of age remains inconclusive.

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Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) по-прежнему являются основной причиной смерти в Европейском регионе ВОЗ. Настоящий обзор программ систематического популяционного скрининга для выявления ССЗ на доклинической стадии и факторов риска ССЗ является вторым изданием доклада, опубликованного в 2021 г. В ходе обзора был проведен новый поиск литературы и более полное исследование конкретных программ скрининга, осуществляемых на уровне отдельных стран. В новый обзор были включены итоговые результаты двух исследований, которые на момент написания предыдущего доклада были на стадии проведения. Также было выявлено 10 новых исследований, но ни одно из них не соответствовало критериям включения в обзор. Результаты обзора указывают на то, что скрининг для выявления факторов риска ССЗ не снижает заболеваемость и смертность от ССЗ и затраты в секторе здравоохранения. Скрининг для выявления ССЗ на доклинической стадии немного снижает смертность и негативные исходы, связанные с аневризмой брюшной аорты, однако эти выводы могли устареть, а снижение может быть связано с уменьшением числа курящих и улучшением лечения. Скрининг на мерцающую аритмию или на сочетание факторов риска и ССЗ на доклинической стадии незначительно влияет на заболеваемость и смертность. Наблюдаются серьезные побочные эффекты, вероятно, связанные с гипердиагностикой и избыточным лечением. Большинство исследований проводилось в западноевропейских странах. Будущие исследования можно было бы направить на изучение возможной пользы от скрининга в странах, где такие исследования еще не проводились. В немногих странах осуществляются национальные программы скрининга для выявления факторов риска ССЗ и ССЗ на доклинической стадии.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of death in the WHO European Region. This review of systematic screening programmes for CVD risk factors and preclinical CVD across general populations is a second edition of a report published in 2021. It includes an updated literature search and a more comprehensive investigation of country-level specific screening programmes. This updated review includes final results from two studies which were ongoing in 2021. It also identified 10 new studies, but none of these met the inclusion criteria. It shows that screening for CVD risk factors does not lower CVD morbidity and mortality or health-care expenses. Screening for preclinical CVD slightly reduces mortality and negative outcomes related to abdominal aortic aneurysm; however, the results may be outdated owing to a decline in smoking and improved treatment. Screening for atrial fibrillation or screening for a mixture of risk factors and preclinical CVD has a marginal effect on morbidity and mortality. Serious adverse effects are observed, probably due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Most studies were conducted in western European countries. Future research could investigate possible benefits of screening in countries that have not yet been studied. Few countries have national screening programmes for CVD risk factors and preclinical CVD.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of death in the WHO European Region. This review of systematic screening programmes for CVD risk factors and preclinical CVD across general populations is a second edition of a report published in 2021. It includes an updated literature search and a more comprehensive investigation of country-level specific screening programmes. This updated review includes final results from two studies which were ongoing in 2021. It also identified 10 new studies, but none of these met the inclusion criteria. It shows that screening for CVD risk factors does not lower CVD morbidity and mortality or health-care expenses. Screening for preclinical CVD slightly reduces mortality and negative outcomes related to abdominal aortic aneurysm; however, the results may be outdated owing to a decline in smoking and improved treatment. Screening for atrial fibrillation or screening for a mixture of risk factors and preclinical CVD has a marginal effect on morbidity and mortality. Serious adverse effects are observed, probably due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Most studies were conducted in western European countries. Future research could investigate possible benefits of screening in countries that have not yet been studied. Few countries have national screening programmes for CVD risk factors and preclinical CVD.

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INTRODUCTION: Exercise interventions have been widely investigated in patients with cancer and demonstrate beneficial effects. However, intervention studies that include older women with breast cancer exercising during medical treatment are scarce. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 12-week exercise-based intervention in older women (≥65 years) with breast cancer receiving (neo)adjuvant or first-line or second-line systemic therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a single-centre, two-armed randomised controlled trial. We anticipate including 100 patients, who will be randomised 1:1 to exercise-based intervention or control stratified by treatment setting ((neo)adjuvant or metastatic) and treatment (chemotherapy or endocrine therapy + cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors). The intervention group will receive standard oncological treatment and a 12-week supervised exercise-based intervention comprising a progressive resistance exercise programme two times per week, a protein supplement after exercise and a home-based walking programme based on daily step counts. The control group will receive standard oncological treatment. Assessments will be performed at baseline and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after start of the intervention. Primary outcome is physical function, measured by the 30-second Chair Stand Test. Secondary outcomes are feasibility (compliance and adherence to intervention), objective and patient-reported functional measures (6-meter and 10-meter gait speed; 6-min Walk Test; Handgrip Strength; Stair Climb Test; Physical Activity Questionnaire), symptom burden and well-being (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 and B23), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), side effects, inflammatory biomarkers, hospitalisation and survival. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was reviewed and accepted by the Scientific Ethics Review Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark, 17 June 2018 (VEK ref.: H-18021013). Trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented on conferences, in oncology wards, exercise centres in municipalities and patient organisations, ensuring dissemination to relevant stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ on 3 September 2018. Identifier: NCT03656731.

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