RESUMEN
The underlying pathology of bipolar disorder remains unknown, though evidence is accumulating to support a role of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we aim to investigate electron transport chain complex I subunit NDUFS7 protein expression; mtDNA content; common deletion; and oxidation in the Broadmann area 24 (BA24), cerebellum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Here, we demonstrate no changes in NDUFS7 in BA24, cerebellum or hippocampus, increases in mtDNA content in hippocampus of patients with bipolar disorder, and decreases in mtDNA oxidation in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Paired analysis between BA24 and cerebellum reveal increases within NDUFS7 levels and mtDNA content in cerebellum of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. We found a positive correlation between NDUFS7 and mtDNA content (ND4 and ND5) when combining brain regions. Our study supports the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
RESUMEN
A Berlin Team for Documentation in Psychotherapy has developed an extensive documentation system. It provides data of a social, psychological and life-history nature, refering to computerized dataanalysis, which are pertinent in the psychological assessment of patients with neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms. The instrument which serves in collecting the data--a special type of psychoanalytic interview--has been used routinely in the Berlin-Group since 1951 to diagnose neurotic disturbances and to prognostically assess the chances for treatment. Interest in assessment-procedures which especially take into account the social situation of the patient, and the work on documentation procedures which treat psychological and social factors with equal weight, grew out of the tradition of the Psychoanalytic Ambulance of Berlin in the years between 1920 and 1940. The following report, in treating its historical development, describes the psychoanalytic interview as well as the psychoanalytic institutions whose large amount of experience in the treatment of patients made it possible to construct the documentation system (Institut für Psychogene Erkrankungen der AOK Berlin und Abteilung für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin im Klinikum Charlottenburg). The authors present the specific elements of the datasystem: the patient's attitude towards his illness, his actual social environment, his early socialization process, personality structure and prognosis. They discuss the relationship between the documentation on the one hand and the process of psychoanalytic interview on the other, which necessitates both the understanding of the patient's life-history and his pattern of social interaction. The possibilities and limitations of the data evaluation especially in regard to ratings are discussed in its methodological aspects. The most important questions to be answered by this project are: Testing of psychoanalytic hypotheses with help of extensive data from numerous patients, the descriptive differentiation of neurotic personality patterns, the testing of social influences on psychosomatic disorders, and the construction of a short version of documentation with which comparative research on psychotherapy should be possible.
Asunto(s)
Documentación , Psicoterapia , Berlin , Computadores , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Pronóstico , Terapia Psicoanalítica , Medio SocialRESUMEN
The protein, RNA and DNA content of wing discs increase exponentially during the last larval instar. Biosynthesis of protein, RNA and DNA was studied by injecting labelled precursors into larvae or white prepupae and measuring the incorporation in the wing discs dissected out after an appropriate time. Protein synthesis is stimulated by ecdysterone, methoprene has no effect. Biosynthesis of rRNA is increased in wing discs of white prepupae after ecdysterone or methoprene injection. Methoprene inhibits the synthesis of mRNA, while ecdysterone has no clear-cut effect within the limits of our method (gel electrophoretic analysis). Ecdysterone and methoprene have no detectable influence on incorporation of thymidine into DNA, but the incorporation label from uridine into DNA is diminished; this effect may be due to changes in the precursor pool.
Asunto(s)
Ecdisterona/farmacología , Hormonas Juveniles/farmacología , Metopreno/farmacología , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Animales , ADN/biosíntesis , Dípteros , Larva , ARN/biosíntesis , Timidina/metabolismo , Uridina/metabolismo , Alas de AnimalesAsunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Psicoterapia , Adolescente , Berlin , Niño , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
The development of Drosophila organ discs can be arrested by culturing them in adult male flies. These aged discs lose some of their differentiation competence and form incomplete imaginal structures. The more advanced the aging, the greater the loss of competence. Discs made to differentiate prematurely show deficiencies similar to aged discs. The age-induced defects can be repaired in a larval milieu. Special hormonal conditions, but not cell multiplication, are apparently involved in the recovery process.