RESUMEN
The autosomal-dominant (AD) form of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) has been described as a multisystem disorder including immune, skeletal and dental abnormalities. Recently, the evaluation of patients from families in which HIES was inherited in a manner more consistent with autosomal-recessive (AR) inheritance, showed that AR-HIES is a clinically distinct disease entity. In addition to classical immunologic findings of AD-HIES, the AR form presents with severe recurrent fungal and viral infections with herpes zoster, herpes simplex and characteristic mollusca contagiosa. Furthermore, cerebral vascular sequelae, including vasculitis, infarction and haemorrhage were noted. In this report, we describe the clinical picture of two patients who showed remarkable resemblance to the description of AR-HIES, but also developed fatal aneurysmal dilatation of the thoracic aorta in adolescence. This finding may further consummate the clinical picture of AR-HIES and emphasize the possibility to develop early aortitis, most likely preceding the critical aneurysm formation at older age. This process should be anticipated during childhood in cases with AR-HIES.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Job/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/inmunología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Síndrome de Job/inmunología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Infecciones Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Duodenal metastases are a very uncommon and peculiar cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, they should be considered in a patient presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a previous history of malignancy. The importance of recognising the unusual presentation of duodenal metastasis has to be emphasised. We describe two patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal metastases. In the first patient a periampullary bleeding due to a metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma was detected five years after nephrectomy of the right kidney. In the second patient an occult bleeding caused by a duodenal metastasis of a melanoma was diagnosed. The first manifestation of this melanoma was eight years earlier.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Duodenales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Duodenales/secundario , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Intestino Delgado , Sangre Oculta , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Melanoma/secundario , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To our best knowledge this is the second case ever described of familial primary cryofibrinogenemia (CFG). PATIENTS: A 29-year-old Moroccan female and two of her three children suffered from painful purpura, slow healing small ulcerations and edema of both feet during the winter season. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of cryofibrinogen in their blood plasma. All three patients were otherwise healthy and no associated disease could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of CFG has to be considered in patients with livedo reticularis, edema, painful purpura and slow healing ulcera after cold exposure. Cryofibrinogen-precipitates in the blood plasma have to be determined. Because secondary CFG occurs much more frequently than the primary form, it is important to rule out associated diseases through extensive physical examination and laboratory investigations. This communication also stresses the importance of a through family history of patients with CFG. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is supposed.
Asunto(s)
Crioglobulinemia/patología , Crioglobulinas/análisis , Fibrinógenos Anormales/análisis , Púrpura/patología , Úlcera Cutánea/patología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Crioglobulinemia/sangre , Crioglobulinemia/genética , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Pie , Humanos , Masculino , Púrpura/genética , Úlcera Cutánea/genéticaRESUMEN
Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumour, accounting for approximately 0.24% of all bladder malignancies. In this study, the clinicopathological findings in 13 cases are described. This malignancy is far more common in men than in women (ratio 11:2). The distribution by age and clinical symptoms can not distinguish it from transitional cell carcinoma. The tumour behaves like other high grade malignancies, presenting frequently at an advanced stage, and having an unfavourable clinical outcome. No special therapy seems superior to another.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma in Situ/patología , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Metaplasia/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare tumor in the urinary bladder and accounts for approximately 0.3% of all bladder malignancies. In this study, the clinicopathologic findings of 18 cases are described. Distribution of sex and age and clinical symptoms are not distinctive from transitional cell carcinoma. The tumor behaves as a high-grade malignancy with advanced initial stage and unfavorable outcome. Surgery is the therapy of choice. Histological differentiation from true sarcoma may be difficult. Recognition rests on the co-existence of an overt carcinomatous component or demonstration of the epithelial nature by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/química , Carcinoma/ultraestructura , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Queratinas/análisis , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análisis , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucina-1 , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/química , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/ultraestructura , Vimentina/análisisRESUMEN
A primary chondrosarcoma arising in the urinary bladder is described in a 73-year-old female, together with a review of the 2 previously reported cases in the literature. The clinical symptoms are similar to transitional cell carcinoma, but chondrosarcoma usually presents at an advanced stage, and the outcome is rather poor. This very rare and commonly poorly differentiated tumor should not be confused with poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. The differential diagnosis from other lesions with chondroid features, such as chondroid metaplasia, osteosarcoma and carcinosarcoma, is discussed. The value of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis is demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Condrosarcoma , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Anciano , Condrosarcoma/química , Condrosarcoma/diagnóstico , Condrosarcoma/ultraestructura , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/química , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
AIMS: To investigate the localisation of the E48 epitope and to determine the use of monoclonal antibody E48 for the identification of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC); and to determine if antigenic expression was affected by different standard fixation methods. METHODS: Biopsy specimens were labelled with E48 for immunoelectron microscopy. One hundred and nineteen tissue samples from 47 bladder carcinomas were tested for reactivity with E48, using fresh frozen, sublimate formalin, and formalin fixed tissue. Thirteen undifferentiated bladder tumours and 10 undifferentiated prostatic carcinomas were incubated with E48 and prostate specific antigen. RESULTS: Reactivity to E48 was found in all grade 1 and 2 carcinomas and most (83%) grade 3 tumours. At the ultrastructural level, expression was mainly associated with desmosomes and the cytoplasmic membrane. The reactivity of E48 was generally strong in fresh frozen tissue samples and remained preserved in fixed tissue samples. Ten of the 13 bladder carcinomas expressed E48; all prostatic tumours were totally negative. CONCLUSIONS: E48 is a sensitive marker for transitional cell carcinoma and suitable for differentiation between urothelial and prostatic undifferentiated carcinoma. It can be used in routinely processed, formalin fixed, biopsy specimens.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/inmunología , Epítopos/análisis , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/inmunologíaRESUMEN
No aetiological factors are at present known in the pathogenesis of liposarcomas. Benign lipomatous disorders, such as lipomas and lipomatosis, generally do not predispose to the development of liposarcomas. A case is presented of a patient with multicentric retroperitoneal liposarcomas, associated with retroperitoneal lipomatosis and preceded by a long history of multiple subcutaneous lipomas. In the literature this combination has not been described. This rare combination of lipomatous disorders seems to indicate a common derangement of adipose tissue.
Asunto(s)
Lipoma/patología , Lipomatosis/patología , Liposarcoma/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The clinical and pathological records of 22 patients treated for retroperitoneal sarcomas were retrospectively studied. The initial symptoms were pain and swelling of the abdomen in 11 patients. All tumours had a diameter of more than 10 cm. The pathological diagnosis was in 16 cases liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma. Fourteen tumours were graded as high and eight as low. Sixteen of the 22 operated patients had complete resection of the tumour. Eleven patients had recurrence after five to 42 months, nine of them local recurrence and two distant metastases. Eleven patients needed repeated radical or palliative resections. Additional therapy (pre- or post-operative radiation or chemotherapy) was given to 11 patients. Radical resection of primary and recurrent tumours seems to give the best results in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas but debulking of the tumour improves the quality of life in selected patients.
Asunto(s)
Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Liposarcoma/cirugía , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Leiomiosarcoma/mortalidad , Liposarcoma/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/mortalidad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
We describe a case of clear cell basal cell carcinoma of the superficial type, presenting as a crusted eruption on the abdomen. Histological examination showed a solid proliferation of clear cells attached to the under-surface of an atrophied epidermis. In addition, distinct pagetoid infiltration was seen within the overlying epidermis. A focal connection between the clear cell portion and a deeper lying nodular basal cell carcinoma was demonstrated, elucidating the true nature of the lesion. Immunohistochemical studies and electronmicroscopy confirmed the epithelial derivation of the tumour. The clear cell appearance was due to multiple cytoplasmic electronlucent vacuoles which were not surrounded by membranes.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Abdomen , Carcinoma Basocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Basocelular/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Queratinas/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Orgánulos/ultraestructura , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/ultraestructura , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Transurethral resected tumor specimens of 61 patients with a primary and untreated bladder carcinoma were studied by selective nuclear morphometry, a method recently described by us. A significant enlargement of the mean nuclear area was found with the advance of tumor grade and stage (Wilcoxon, P less than .0001 and P less than .0001). The heterogeneity of the grade 2 patient group and the additional value of morphometry were demonstrated by observing the 5-year survival rates. Patients with grade 2 carcinoma could be separated into one subgroup with small nuclei (mean nuclear area less than or equal to 95 microns2) having a favorable outcome (5-year survival rate: 100%), and into another subgroup with large nuclei (mean nuclear area greater than 95 microns2) showing a worse prognosis (5-year survival rate: 63.2%) (Mantel-Cox, P = .01). The outcome of these subgroups was not significantly different from that of the grade 1 (5-year survival rate: 93.8%) and grade 3 (5-year survival rate: 50%) patients, respectively (Mantel-Cox, P = .45 and P = .57). The value of selective nuclear morphometry, in addition to tumor staging, was indicated by the association of nuclear enlargement (mean nuclear area greater than 95 microns2) with progressive recurrence (five of 15 patients; 33%) among the patients with conservatively treated superficial carcinoma (stages Ta and Tl). The findings demonstrate the supplementary value of selective nuclear morphometry to tumor grading and staging, especially in the heterogeneous group of grade 2 carcinomas and the group of superficial tumors (stages Ta and Tl).
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/mortalidad , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidadRESUMEN
To overcome the considerable observer inconsistency in the histologic grading of transitional cell carcinomas, the value of four different morphometric grading methods was investigated in 61 tumors of the bladder. Only two methods showed satisfactory reproducibility. Both methods, one based on random nuclear sampling and the other on selective nuclear sampling, showed an increase in the mean and standard deviation of the nuclear area with higher tumor grades (P less than .00001). Morphometric classification of the learning set (44 cases) was in agreement with the unequivocally assessed histologic grade in 35 cases (79.5%) using random sampling and in 38 cases (86.4%) using selective sampling. By reducing the grading classes to "low" (grades 1 and 2) and "high" (grade 3) and by introducing a classification probability threshold (0.80), an accurate morphometric classification was achieved in 38 cases (86.4%) using random sampling and in 41 cases (93.2%) using selective sampling. Of the 17 cases with histologic grading discrepancies, all 10 low-grade tumors (with discrepancies of grade 1 versus grade 2) were correctly classified as low-grade carcinomas by both of the morphometric methods; in the remaining 7 cases, with low-versus-high discrepancies (grade 2 versus grade 3), the selective method yielded better correlation with the tumor stage and clinical follow-up. It is concluded that morphometric classification is an acceptable alternative for histologic grading by pathologists, provided that the reproducibility of the method is confirmed. Although both random and selective sampling yielded satisfactory classifications, the selective method gave more reliable results as confirmed by the clinical behavior.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Núcleo Celular/patología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Eighteen cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder were studied. Three patients survived for two years and one survived for five years, which was significantly worse when compared with poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma (WHO grade 3). Aggressive tumour behaviour was independent of the presence of neuroendocrine characteristics. Morphometric analysis showed that the nuclear size, which was comparable with that reported in pulmonary small cell carcinoma, was significantly smaller than in poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. Nuclear morphometry may therefore help identify small cell bladder carcinoma, especially in the absence of neuroendocrine differentiation characteristics. DNA flow cytometry of paraffin wax embedded specimens showed aneuploidy in 14 tumours--five were peritetraploid and two multiple aneuploid--and only three were diploid. Aggressiveness of small cell bladder carcinoma usually coincides with aneuploidy in most cases, but diploid tumours may also follow a rapid, lethal clinical course.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/ultraestructura , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/ultraestructura , Adenocarcinoma/ultraestructura , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/ultraestructura , Recuento de Células , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidadRESUMEN
A multiinstitutional review of 3778 patients with a primary malignancy of the urinary bladder revealed 18 cases (0.48%) of small cell carcinoma which were histologically and morphometrically identical to pulmonary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Age, sex, and symptoms at first presentation were comparable to that known in transitional cell carcinoma. Sixteen patients (89%) developed metastatic disease, with most frequent involvement of regional lymph nodes, liver, skeleton, and abdominal cavity. The unfavorable clinical outcome was worse as compared with that reported in advanced stage poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma, and was similar to the rapidly fatal outcome of pulmonary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Fourteen patients (78%) died by tumor at a mean follow-up period of 9.4 months, and only one patient was free of recurrent disease more than 5 years after cystectomy. This apparent aggressive tumor behavior was independent of the presence of neuroendocrine differentiation characteristics at immunohistochemical (13 cases, 72%) or electron microscopic study (eight cases, 44%). The prolonged survival periods (15-38 months) of the five patients who received combination chemotherapy suggested that, just as in small cell lung carcinoma, chemotherapy may be profitable. A unified concept of histogenesis of bladder cancer with a common origin from a multipotent mucosal stem cell is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/secundario , Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Citoplasma/ultraestructura , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Orgánulos/ultraestructura , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/análisis , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidadRESUMEN
The prognostic value of nuclear morphometry and DNA flow cytometry of paraffin embedded material of 58 patients with primary and untreated transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was compared with that of histological grade (WHO-system), tumour stage (TNM-classification), tumour size, multiplicity and ulceration. Small nuclear size (mean nuclear area less than or equal to 95 microns2) (n = 25) and DNA diploidy (n = 28) indicated a favourable outcome (5-year survival 95.8% and 92.2%); large nuclei (mean nuclear area greater than 95 microns2) (n = 33) and DNA aneuploidy (n = 30) indicated a worse prognosis (5-year survival 61.4% and 62.5%) (Mantel-Cox; p = 0.002 and p = 0.007). The quantitative techniques had the advantage over subjective histological grading that distinguishment of an intermediate patient group (WHO-system: grade 2; n = 32) with heterogeneous outcome (5-year survival 78%) was avoided. Multivariate analysis showed tumour stage as the most important prognosticator of survival. Neither the quantitative techniques, nor the other classic features added significantly to the prediction. The additional value of the quantitative techniques was however shown in superficial carcinoma (TNM-classification: stage Ta and T1; n = 37); large nuclei (mean nuclear area greater than 95 microns2) (n = 15) and aneuploid DNA peaks (n = 13) were associated with progressive recurrent tumour (n = 7) (Mantel-Cox: p = 0.03 and p = 0.0004). The quantitative methods thus indicate which patients are at risk for progression and may enable more appropriate treatment at an earlier stage of disease.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/ultraestructura , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Small cell carcinoma with the histological appearance of pulmonary small cell carcinoma is a rare tumour in the urinary bladder. In previous case reports the neuroendocrine nature of small cell bladder carcinoma has been accepted, but on review the evidence for true neuroendocrine differentiation appears unsatisfactory. In this study the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of three cases of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder are described. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of all three tumours contained neurosecretory-type granules and each of the tumours demonstrated positive immunoreaction for two or more neuroendocrine markers, from a panel including neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, Leu-7, bombesin and synaptophysin. Although the combination of ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination obviously offers the strongest evidence in establishing neuroendocrine differentiation, it is argued that immunohistochemistry alone may also yield important information in demonstrating a neuroendocrine nature, provided that at least neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin are included as markers. The clinical relevance of identifying neuroendocrine differentiation in small cell bladder carcinoma is suggested by the favourable response to combination chemotherapy in two of our cases.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/patología , Sistemas Neurosecretores/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Bombesina/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/ultraestructura , Cromogranina A , Cromograninas/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/análisis , Sistemas Neurosecretores/análisis , Sistemas Neurosecretores/ultraestructura , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/análisis , Sinaptofisina , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/análisis , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Cellular DNA content was determined by flow cytometry on routinely processed paraffin sections of 61 primary and untreated transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, and correlated with tumour grade and stage and clinical follow up. All 16 (25%) grade 1 carcinomas were diploid and all 11 (20%) grade 3 tumours were aneuploid. The 34 (55%) grade 2 carcinomas comprised 13 (40%) diploid and 21 (60%) aneuploid cases. Among the 37 superficial carcinomas (stage Ta and T1), 25 (65%) were diploid; 20 (85%) of the 24 advanced tumours (stage T2 to T4) had aneuploid tracings. Ploidy was a significant prognostic indicator (p: 0.006) of five year survival. The initial presence of aneuploidy in superficial bladder carcinoma (stage Ta and T1) is a strong argument for more aggressive treatment than is customary.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Citometría de Flujo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/análisis , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
The clinical presentation, cytologic pattern and stromal changes in the cystectomy specimen were studied in a group of 26 patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder who underwent cystectomy. Only cases in which the nuclear area of the carcinoma in situ cells was over 80 sq micron (large-cell type) were included in this study. The results indicate that the cells from large-cell carcinoma in situ of the bladder exfoliate easily, resulting in a cytologic pattern of predominantly single, highly abnormal cancer cells. Due to the increased exfoliation of the affected epithelium, the bladder stroma is focally denuded; therefore, while cytology may be strongly positive for malignancy in these cases, the histologic diagnosis can be falsely negative when only denuded stroma is biopsied. The edematous stroma causes complaints of "cystitis." The neoplastic urothelium may involve contiguously related epithelial surfaces. When the lesion extends into the prostatic ducts, the patient can have "pseudoprostatitis" complaints. Urethral extension may give penile voiding pain. In one female patient, involvement of the vagina and vulva was found. Carcinoma in situ may develop in patients with papillary low-grade bladder carcinoma during follow-up, with a concomitant shift in the cytologic and clinical patterns; this deserves the consideration and attention of the cytologist and the clinician due to its serious clinical implications.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma in Situ/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma in Situ/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Próstata/patología , Uréter/patología , Uretra/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/complicaciones , Trastornos Urinarios/etiologíaRESUMEN
The stromal characteristics in papillary and non-papillary tumours of the urinary bladder were investigated in an attempt to improve the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. It appeared to be possible to differentiate true papillary tumours from pseudopapillary structures lined by carcinoma in situ. Stromal differences were not found in cases of carcinoma in situ accompanied by denuding cystitis and cystitis due to other aetiological factors. It is concluded that histopathological examination of the stroma of bladder tumours improves diagnostic accuracy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma in Situ/patología , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Cistitis/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Azul Alcián , Humanos , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
The pattern of recovery after head injury was studied on the basis of clinical data on 200 patients. An unmistakable pattern was found in which it was possible to distinguish between symptoms of only short duration (due to the unfavourable prognosis, among other things), symptoms which showed a fairly quick recovery such as the E score and the oculovestibular response, and symptoms characterized by a longer interval between the accident and their recovery. A clear difference was found between the pattern recovery of E scores and oculovestibular response on the one hand, and recovery of M and V scores on the other. The implications of the pattern of recovery thus established, are discussed.