RESUMEN
Diclofenac is an emerging pollutant: toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative, present in several environmental niches in a concentration of parts per million. This pharmaceutical's biological removal was reported with various fungal species, showing promissory results. This work aimed at diclofenac removal by individually challenging the fungal species Pleurotus ostreatus, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium roquefortii but triying to lower the biosorption nature of cell walls by NaCl addition. P. ostreatus removed 100% of the initial diclofenac concentration, whereas A. niger and P. roqueforti removed 74% and 32%, respectively. In all three cases, biosorption by polar interactions was negligible. We demonstrated that stressful environments, such as mineral media, force the fungus to take advantage of its metabolic tools to survive, hence showing higher removal capacity when limiting growth conditions. Bioremediation is an excellent alternative to give residual fungal biomass a secondary use.
Asunto(s)
Diclofenaco , Pleurotus , Biodegradación Ambiental , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Biomasa , Pleurotus/metabolismo , HongosRESUMEN
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants of widespread concern in aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the negative impact of pristine MPs of polystyrene of 100 µm on embryo and larvae of Danio rerio exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene (3.84 × 10- 6, 3.84 × 10- 7, and 3.84 × 10- 8 g/mL). The exposure effect was evaluated through the general morphology score, biometrics, and integrated biomarker response version 2 index. No mortality was observed but the anatomical structure of fishes was affected showing pigmentation deficiency and alterations in the head region as the main affected endpoints. The general morphology score and the integrated biomarker response values were highly sensitive to address the effect of the three concentrations of MPs used here. Our results provide solid evidence of the negative impact of 100 µm pristine polystyrene MPs exposure on early stages of zebrafish.