RESUMEN
Previous research into the phenomenological differences of post-stroke depression (PSD) has typically focused on comparisons of symptom profiles between stroke and non-stroke population controls. This systematic review aimed to synthesize these findings with results from other methodological approaches that contribute to an understanding of phenomenological differences. Articles were identified via a systematic search of seven databases and additional manual searching. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted because of the high methodological heterogeneity. Twelve articles comparing the symptomatology of depression between stroke and non-stroke controls were included. Three distinct methodological approaches, relevant to the aim, were identified: comparisons of profiles among groups with similar overall depression severity, comparisons of the strengths of correlations between a symptom and depression, and comparisons of latent symptom severity. The symptomatology of depression was generally similar between the groups, including somatic symptoms, despite the hypothesized interference of comorbid physical stroke effects. Despite high heterogeneity, there was a tentative indication that post-stroke depression manifests with comparatively less severe/prevalent anhedonia. Possible mechanisms for the observed similarities and differences are explored, including suggestions for future research.
RESUMEN
The transcription factor NF-kappa B regulates many genes involved in proinflammatory and immune responses. The transport of NF-kappa B into the nucleus is essential for its biologic activity. We describe a novel, potent, and selective NF-kappa B inhibitor composed of a cell-permeable peptide carrying two nuclear localization sequences (NLS). This peptide blocks NF-kappa B nuclear localization, resulting in inhibition of cell surface protein expression, cytokine production, and T cell proliferation. The peptide is efficacious in vivo in a mouse septic shock model as well as a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, demonstrating that NF-kappa B nuclear import plays a role in these acute inflammatory disease models.
Asunto(s)
FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Señales de Localización Nuclear , Péptidos/farmacología , Choque Séptico/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Cadenas kappa de Inmunoglobulina/biosíntesis , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/prevención & control , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Señales de Localización Nuclear/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Péptidos/síntesis química , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos B/biosíntesis , Choque Séptico/inmunología , Choque Séptico/patología , Choque Séptico/prevención & control , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We have examined the effects of removing individual template nucleosides on promoter escape by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro. The ability of DNA templates containing random single nucleoside gaps generated by hydroxyl radical treatment to support the production of stable ternary transcription complexes was analyzed. On two templates containing different promoter and initial transcribed regions, we found that removal of nucleosides on the template strand in the region from -13 to at least +8 relative to the transcription start site interfered with ternary complex formation. The downstream border of this region varied for the two templates, suggesting an effect of the specific nucleotide sequence on the stability of intermediates in the promoter escape process. On the nontemplate strand, removal of nucleosides in the vicinity of the -10 consensus promoter element interfered with escape, whereas removal of nucleosides in the vicinity of the transcription start site actually enhanced the yield of ternary complexes. On one template, removal of nucleosides in an A-tract containing region upstream of the promoter caused a significant decrease in promoter escape, consistent with previous suggestions that contacts between this region and the RNA polymerase play a role in promoter binding and/or initiation.
Asunto(s)
ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Nucleósidos/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transcripción Genética , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
Hyponatraemia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In the most basic sense, hyponatraemia can be due to sodium loss or fluid excess. The extracellular fluid status is used to clinically divide hyponatraemia into three categories to help to determine both the cause and treatment required. Hyponatraemic patients can be categorised on the basis of their fluid status as hypovolaemic, euvolaemic, or hypervolaemic. Another distinction to make in evaluating hyponatraemia is whether the onset was acute or chronic in nature. The case presented here is iatrogenic acute hypervolaemic hyponatraemia in a college athlete. The patient presented in respiratory distress with an altered mental status after the administration of hypotonic fluids for treatment of muscle cramps. Treatment included intubation, water restriction, and furosemide, to which he responded favourably. Hyponatraemia should be in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting after intravenous fluid administration.
Asunto(s)
Fluidoterapia/efectos adversos , Hiponatremia/etiología , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Confusión/etiología , Deshidratación/complicaciones , Deshidratación/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diuréticos/uso terapéutico , Disnea/etiología , Fútbol Americano/lesiones , Furosemida/uso terapéutico , Glucosa/efectos adversos , Glucosa/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Soluciones Hipotónicas/efectos adversos , Soluciones Hipotónicas/uso terapéutico , Intubación Intratraqueal , Masculino , Calambre Muscular/etiología , Calambre Muscular/terapia , Edema Pulmonar/etiología , Cloruro de Sodio/efectos adversos , Cloruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Intoxicación por Agua/etiologíaRESUMEN
Three analogs of the COOH-terminal fragments of human somatotropin (HGH), namely [Nle170,Ala165,182]-HGH-(150-187), [Nle170,Ala165,182]-HGH-(152-187), and [Nle170,Ala165,182]-HGH-(154-187), have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. The synthetic analogs were complemented with the natural NH2-terminal fragment [Cys(Cam)53]-HGH-(1-134) to form recombinants with HGH activities, as revealed by the rabbit liver membrane receptor binding and the Nb2 lymphoma cell assays.