RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to microencapsulate the anti-inflammatory drug (naproxen) to provide controlled release and minimizing or eliminating local side effect by avoiding the drug release in the upper gastrointestinal track. Naproxen was microencapsulated with lipid-like carnauba wax, hydrogenated castor oil using modified melt dispersion (modified congealable disperse phase encapsulation) technique. Effect of various formulation and process variables such as drug-lipid ratio, concentration of modifier, concentration of dispersant, stirring speed, stirring time, temperature of external phase, on evaluatory parameters such as size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release of naproxen were studied. The microspheres were characterized for particle size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies, for in vitro release kinetics. The shape of microspheres was found to be spherical by SEM. The drug entrapment efficiency of various batches of microspheres was found to be ranging from 60 to 90 %w/w. In vitro drug release studies were carried out up to 24 h in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer showing 50-65% drug release. In vitro drug release from all the batches showed better fitting with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating the possible mechanism of drug release to be by diffusion and erosion of the lipid matrix.
RESUMEN
An attempt was made to sustain the release of metformin HCl as well as to mask the bitter taste by complexation technique using strong cation-exchange resins, indion 244 and indion 264. The drug loading onto ion-exchange resin was optimized for mixing time, activation, effect of pH, mode of mixing, ratio of drug:resin and temperature. The resinate was evaluated for micromeritic properties, taste masking and characterized using XRPD and IR. Using resinate sustained release tablets were formulated using hydoxypropylmethylcellulose K100M.The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, weight variation and in vitro drug release. Tablets thus formulated (Batch B-6) provided sustained release of drug over a period of 10 h with first order kinetics. The release of metformin HCl from resinate controls the diffusion of drug molecules through the polymeric material into aqueous medium. Results showed that metformin HCl was successfully taste masked and formulated into a sustained dosage form as an alternative to the conventional tablet.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal is a common disease in active young adults. Many surgical methods have been proposed, although no clear consensus as to the optimal treatment has been reported. This review looks at the different surgical techniques available and examines the reported results of primary healing, recurrent disease and complications (including delayed healing). METHOD: A literature search using the Medline database was performed to locate English language articles on surgery for pilonidal disease. Further articles were obtained from the references cited in the literature initially reviewed. RESULTS: Management should be tailored according to the individual and whether the disease is acute or chronic. Treatment should take into consideration hospital stay and return to work. Simple excision, curettage, partial lateral wall excision, or marsupialisation, are simple techniques with good results. They can be used for the initial surgery but their use is not recommended for recurrent disease. The modified rhomboid flap for recurrent disease has consistently shown positive results in terms of complication rates and recurrence. CONCLUSION: We would recommend tailored treatment with simple excision for initial presentation and the modified rhomboid flap for recurrent disease.
Asunto(s)
Seno Pilonidal/cirugía , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Cicatrización de Heridas , Adolescente , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/métodos , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Técnicas de Sutura , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Pólipos Adenomatosos/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Lesiones Precancerosas/genética , Pólipos Adenomatosos/patología , Biopsia con Aguja , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Biología Molecular , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Medición de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The use of the antegrade continence enema (ACE) is becoming more widespread. Preliminary studies have been promising, but the procedure is not universally successful. A colonoscopic insertion of a caecostomy button is a relatively minor procedure. This allows the ACE to be used for a trial period to assess whether a permanent procedure would be beneficial. If successful, enemas can be continued by the caecostomy, or a formal ACE can be performed. We report a series of five patients who underwent staged endoscopic insertion of a MIC-KEY caecostomy button, and we discuss the technical aspects of the procedure.
Asunto(s)
Estreñimiento/cirugía , Enema/instrumentación , Laparoscopía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Removal of locally advanced right-sided colonic carcinoma involving the duodenum can be challenging. There are few data on the optimal surgical approach. Adjacent organ involvement is associated with a poor prognosis and may be classified as inoperable with patients having palliative bypass procedures rather than primary resection. Survival is however improved after en bloc resection of adjoining viscera compared with intestinal bypass. We present a variety of surgical options depending on the extent of local invasion and the debility of the patient.