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To determine the association between cephalometric measurements and polysomnographic parameters in Brazilian patients with midface deficiency. This was a primary, clinical, observational, longitudinal, retrospective, analytical, and single-center study. Forty-eight patients with midface deficiency were divided into two groups as follows: those who underwent surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARME) and those who received maxillary advancement (MA). Pre- and post-operative cephalometric and polysomnography measurements were obtained. Pearson's correlation was used to verify the presence of any significant associations between PSG scores and cephalometric measurements. Associations between BMI (Body Mass Index) and AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) as well as arousals were observed. In the SARME group, associations between AHI and SNA, UAS and MP-H, arousals and SNA, and Co-A and MP-H were noted. Associations between AHI and Co-A, PoOr-A and MP-H, arousals and UAS, and between minimum saturation of O2 and SNA, SNB, and Co-A were observed in the MA group. This study demonstrates the alterations in the middle third of the face that were related to sleep disturbance. In addition, it shows the associations between the polysomnographic parameters and the cephalometric representations corresponding to the analyzed deformities and transverse or anteroposterior maxillary deficiencies.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: It is well established that cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. The definition of parameters and classifications that could separate patients in groups of low, intermediate and high-risk is being attempted for several years. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine possible predictive factors related to the occurrence of occult cervical lymph node metastasis through the analysis of histopathological reports of surgical specimens obtained after oral squamous cell carcinoma resection and selective neck dissections of patients initially classified as N0. METHODS: This was a primary, retrospective, observational, case-control study. Histopathological reports were reviewed to determine if some findings were related to the occurrence of occult lymph node metastasis. The events analyzed were oral cavity subsites, pT-stage, muscular infiltration, desmoplasia, vascular emboli, perineural infiltration, tumor thickness and compromised margins. RESULTS: Occult cervical metastasis accounted for 19.10 percent of the cases. Desmoplasia, perineural infiltration, tumor thickness and pT4a stage are predictive factors of occult neck metastasis (p-value = 0.0488, 0.0326, 0.0395, 0.0488, respectively). CONCLUSION: The accurate definition of predictive factors of occult cervical metastasis may guide the selection of patients that should be referred to radiotherapy, avoiding the unnecessary exposure of low-risk patients to radiation and allowing a better regional control of the disease in those of moderate or high risk.

Resumo Introdução: Já é bem estabelecido que a metástase oculta em linfonodo cervical é o fator prognóstico mais importante em pacientes com Carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB) do trato aerodigestivo superior. Há anos pesquisadores tentam definir parâmetros e classificações que poderiam separar os pacientes em grupos de baixo, médio e alto risco. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar possíveis fatores preditivos relacionados com a ocorrência de metástase oculta em linfonodo cervical, por meio da análise de laudos histopatológicos de espécimes cirúrgicos obtidos após ressecção de CEB e dissecções seletivas do pescoço em pacientes inicialmente classificados como N0. Método: Este foi um estudo primário, retrospectivo, observacional e de caso-controle. Laudos histopatológicos foram revisados para determinar se alguns resultados estavam relacionados com a ocorrência de metástases em linfonodos oculto. Os eventos analisados foram: subsítios dentro da cavidade oral, estágio-pT, infiltração muscular, desmoplasia, embolia vascular, infiltração perineural, espessura do tumor e margens comprometidas. Resultados: Metástases cervicais ocultas foram responsáveis por 19,10% dos casos. Desmoplasia, infiltração perineural, espessura do tumor e estágio pT4a foram fatores preditivos de metástase cervical oculta (p = 0,0488, 0,0326, 0,0395, 0,0488, respectivamente). Conclusão: A definição precisa dos fatores preditivos de metástase cervical oculta pode orientar a seleção de pacientes que devem ser submetidos a radioterapia, evitando a exposição desnecessária dos pacientes de baixo risco à radiação, e melhorar o controle regional da doença em pessoas de risco moderado ou alto.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors represent 3-10% of all head and neck neoplasms. These tumors occur predominantly in major salivary glands. The parotid gland is affected most often, ranging from 36.6% to 83%. The pleomorphic adenoma comprises 45-60% of all salivary gland tumors. Several surgical approaches have been described to treat this tumor. Lesion of the facial nerve is one of the most serious complications that can occur after parotid gland surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine possible predictive factors related to the occurrence of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) after superficial parotidectomy in the surgical treatment of the pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. METHODS: This was a primary, observational, case-control study performed through the revision of patients' charts and histopathological reports. Data was obtained from 1995 to 2014. The analyzed events were: tumor's length and depth; duration of the disease referred by the patient (more than 1, 5 or 10 years); primary or secondary surgical approach. RESULTS: The analysis showed that tumor lengths equal or superior to 3.0 cm were a risk factor of PFP with an odds ratio of 3.98 (p = 0.0310). Tumor depths equal or superior to 2.0 cm were also a risk factor with an odds ratio of 9.5556 (p = 0.0049). When the tested event was secondary surgery to recurrent tumors we have found an odds ratio of 6.7778 (p = 0.0029). CONCLUSION: Tumors with 3.0 cm or more in length and/or 2.0 cm or more in depth have a significant higher risk of facial nerve injury. Secondary surgery to recurrent tumors also has a much higher risk of evolving with facial palsy after superficial parotidectomy.

Resumo Introdução: Os tumores de glândulas salivares representam de 3 a 10% de todas as neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço. Esses tumores ocorrem predominantemente nas glândulas salivares maiores. A glândula parótida é afetada na maioria das vezes, variando de 36,6 a 83%. O adenoma pleomórfico abrange 45-60% de todos os tumores de glândulas salivares. Diversas abordagens cirúrgicas foram descritas para o tratamento desse tumor. A lesão do nervo facial é uma das complicações mais graves que podem ocorrer após cirurgia de glândula parótida. Objetivos: Determinar possíveis fatores preditivos relacionados à ocorrência de paralisia facial periférica (PFP) após parotidectomia superficial no tratamento cirúrgico de adenomas pleomórficos de glândula parótida. Método: Estudo preliminar, observacional, de caso-controle, realizado por meio de revisão dos prontuários de pacientes e laudos histopatológicos. Os dados foram obtidos no período de 1995-2014. Os eventos analisados foram o tamanho do tumor no maior diâmetro e a profundidade, o tempo de doença referido pelo paciente (mais de 1, 5 ou 10 anos) e a abordagem cirúrgica primária ou secundária. Resultados: A análise mostrou que o tamanho do tumor igual ou superior a 3,0 cm foi um fator de risco para PFP, com uma razão de chance de 3,98 (p = 0,0310). A profundidade do tumor igual ou superior a 2,0 cm também foi um fator de risco, com uma razão de chance de 9,5556 (p = 0,0049). Quando o evento testado foi cirurgia secundária para tumores recorrentes, encontramos uma razão de chance de 6,7778 (p = 0,0029). Conclusão: Os tumores de 3,0 cm ou mais de comprimento e/ou 2,0 cm ou mais de profundidade apresentam um risco significativamente maior de lesão do nervo facial. A cirurgia secundária para tumores recorrentes também apresenta um risco maior de evoluir com paralisia facial após parotidectomia superficial.

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INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors represent 3-10% of all head and neck neoplasms. These tumors occur predominantly in major salivary glands. The parotid gland is affected most often, ranging from 36.6% to 83%. The pleomorphic adenoma comprises 45-60% of all salivary gland tumors. Several surgical approaches have been described to treat this tumor. Lesion of the facial nerve is one of the most serious complications that can occur after parotid gland surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine possible predictive factors related to the occurrence of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) after superficial parotidectomy in the surgical treatment of the pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. METHODS: This was a primary, observational, case-control study performed through the revision of patients' charts and histopathological reports. Data was obtained from 1995 to 2014. The analyzed events were: tumor's length and depth; duration of the disease referred by the patient (more than 1, 5 or 10 years); primary or secondary surgical approach. RESULTS: The analysis showed that tumor lengths equal or superior to 3.0cm were a risk factor of PFP with an odds ratio of 3.98 (p=0.0310). Tumor depths equal or superior to 2.0cm were also a risk factor with an odds ratio of 9.5556 (p=0.0049). When the tested event was secondary surgery to recurrent tumors we have found an odds ratio of 6.7778 (p=0.0029). CONCLUSION: Tumors with 3.0cm or more in length and/or 2.0cm or more in depth have a significant higher risk of facial nerve injury. Secondary surgery to recurrent tumors also has a much higher risk of evolving with facial palsy after superficial parotidectomy.

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INTRODUCTION: It is well established that cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. The definition of parameters and classifications that could separate patients in groups of low, intermediate and high-risk is being attempted for several years. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine possible predictive factors related to the occurrence of occult cervical lymph node metastasis through the analysis of histopathological reports of surgical specimens obtained after oral squamous cell carcinoma resection and selective neck dissections of patients initially classified as N0. METHODS: This was a primary, retrospective, observational, case-control study. Histopathological reports were reviewed to determine if some findings were related to the occurrence of occult lymph node metastasis. The events analyzed were oral cavity subsites, pT-stage, muscular infiltration, desmoplasia, vascular emboli, perineural infiltration, tumor thickness and compromised margins. RESULTS: Occult cervical metastasis accounted for 19.10 percent of the cases. Desmoplasia, perineural infiltration, tumor thickness and pT4a stage are predictive factors of occult neck metastasis (p-value=0.0488, 0.0326, 0.0395, 0.0488, respectively). CONCLUSION: The accurate definition of predictive factors of occult cervical metastasis may guide the selection of patients that should be referred to radiotherapy, avoiding the unnecessary exposure of low-risk patients to radiation and allowing a better regional control of the disease in those of moderate or high risk.

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INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors comprise three to ten percent of all head and neck tumors. The parotid gland is affected most often (64-80%). Malignant tumors constitute a minority, occurring in 15-32% of cases. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor, while mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the highest incidence. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional study of all salivary gland tumors diagnosed in a tertiary hospital in the period between 1995 and 2013. METHODS: We reviewed all salivary gland histopathological reports completed at a single institution. Patient demographics and clinical data were analyzed. We used Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) to determine statistical significance for the variables. RESULTS: Neoplastic lesions amounted to 271 cases (37,27%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign tumor, while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most commonly found malignant tumor. Parotid gland showed a clear, statistically significant (p=0.045) preponderance of benign tumors. Age was the only predictor of malignancy (OR 1.03). CONCLUSION: The present study is in agreement with the current literature regarding the most frequent types of tumors, incidence according to a type of gland and gender.

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