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Whole-body vibration (WBV), a training method based on the stimulation of muscle contraction by mechanical vibration generated in a vibrating platform, is claimed to be effective in diabetes management. This meta-analysis evaluated WBV effects against other exercises, placebo, or no intervention in type-2 diabetes. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched through June 2023. Randomized controlled trials reported the effect of WBV on glucose (hemoglobin A1C and fasting blood glucose), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high, and low-density lipoprotein) were included. Two researchers independently extracted the characteristics of the studies, participants, WBV intervention and comparisons, and the outcomes from the included articles. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed trial quality. In this review, all articles had no high risk of bias according to the PEDro scale, with studies achieving optimal, excellent, and good scores. Network meta-analysis revealed that WBV was effective for reducing hemoglobin A1C when compared with conventional (mean difference: - 1.58%, 95%CrI: - 2.51, - 0.47) and resistance exercise (mean difference: - 1.32%, 95%CrI: - 1.96, - 0.33). WBV had also a desirable but insignificant effect on hemoglobin A1C compared to stretching and balance exercises, placebo, and no intervention. The current pairwise meta-analysis did not show that WBV favors fasting blood glucose and lipids. WBV may have potential advantages for glycemic control in type-2 diabetes. However, uncertainties in the findings remain due to the limited number of studies and their heterogeneity.

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BACKGROUND: Caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are key members of the treatment team. Their needs and challenges should be met as interventions can be effective in improving not only their own health, well-being, and quality of life but also that of those they care for. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate supportive interventions for caregivers of individuals with MS. METHODS: We conducted a database search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2021. English-language studies that examined interventions administered directly to caregivers of individuals with MS and evaluated various outcomes were included. The Downs and Black checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. RESULTS: Twenty of 367 relevant papers fit the eligibility criteria outlined in the methods of this study and were subsequently selected for this review. Of the included studies, there was a notable variance in key characteristics such as methods, outcome measures, sample size, and procedures. Supportive interventions, psychoeducational group interventions, and behavioral-adaptive therapies were the 3 main categories of interventions reviewed; however, each study had a significant correlation between the intervention and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small sample size in this study, this review showed that various intervention models that target caregivers of individuals with MS have been successful.

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PURPOSE: Caregivers of people with Multiple sclerosis (MS) face various challenges in the occupations of daily lives. We investigated the effect of an online occupational therapy program on the mastery and performance in caregivers of people with MS. METHOD: In a single-blind randomized controlled trial twenty-four eligible caregivers of people with MS participated in the control and an occupational therapy group program. Caregivers completed The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Relative Mastery Scale (RMS) before and after the intervention and one-month later. FINDINGS: The level of performance, satisfaction and mastery were significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (p<.001) and there were significant differences in performance and satisfaction scores between the groups (p<.001). IMPLICATIONS: Online Occupational therapy shows promising results in facilitating the adaptation process and improving caregivers' performance and satisfaction levels.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCaregivers of people with multiple sclerosis face various challenges when engaging in their daily occupations.Managing the challenges faced by caregivers as essential members of the treatment team contributes to improving their performance level in daily occupations and can finally enhance the quality of treatment interventions for patients.Online delivery can overcome caregivers' time constraints for attendance in the treatment centers for training.Online occupational therapy can enhance mastery, occupational performance level, and satisfaction, and is recommended for caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis.

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This study evaluated the efficacy of the Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management intervention (OTDSM) to enhance glycemic stability and self-management skills in people with diabetes type-2. Based on this single-blind randomized trial, 30 subjects with diabetes type-2 were assigned to two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received a 10-week program, consisting of four group visits and six individualized sessions. The control group received an individual session and three weekly phone calls. The primary study outcome, blood hemoglobin A1C, was measured before and three months after the study. The secondary outcome was assessed in terms of the participants' self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and performance and satisfaction with daily activities. These outcomes were evaluated three times: before, one month into, and three months after the study. The study findings demonstrated significant differences between the two groups in the hemoglobin A1C levels, self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, and performance and satisfaction with daily routines after the intervention (P < 0.05). No significant differences existed between the groups for the extent of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. Inclusion of occupational therapy protocol into the plan of care for people with diabetes can improve health outcomes by promoting their routine participation in self-management activities.

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