RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The ability of bacteria to produce biofilm and adhesion makes them more resistant to antibiotics. The current study aims to evaluate the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the prevalence of adhesion genes, also their correlation with drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 MRSA were collected from hospitals of Iran's western provinces during 2012 to 2013. The presence of ica A, B, C, D, clfA, cna, fnbA, mecA genes were determined by PCR technique. Biofilm formation was studied by microtiter plate assay, the clonal relations of the strains were examined by SCCmec and Spa typing. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that 96 % of isolates were biofilm producers. The distributions of biofilm formation between isolates were 4.2%, 54.2%, 35.4% as high, moderate and weak, respectivelly. The highest biofilm production was observed from blood culture isolates. All virulent genes icaA,B, C, D, clfA, cna, fnbA were observed in moderate and weak biofilm formation isolates. Among high biofilm formation isolates, icaB and cna genes were not seen. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between ica, fnbA and the biofilm production, but there was not a significant correlation between the type of samples and drug resistance, spa type and SCCmec type with biofilm production (P>0.05). Frequency of All virulent genes in type III SCCmec was higher than other types. CONCLUSION: The majority of MRSA isolates were biofilm producers and blood isolates ranked as the great biofilm producer. In these isolates ica D and fnbA genes are correlated with biofilm production.
RESUMEN
Pseudomonas aeruginosaisa commonly known as nosocomial infection agent but rarely previously healthy people are infected by P. aeruginosa. Here we report Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in a 27 year old male athlete. 15 published P. aeruginosa CAP case reports were reviewed. 53.3% of patients were female and 46.67% were male. The mean age was 44 years old (SD: ±13.54). In 8 reports it is mentioned that the patient was a smoker. Fatality rate was 46.6% and death rate was not significantly different between selected antibiotic regimen, sex and smoking in patient's outcome. Chest strike can be a risk factor for P. aeruginosa CAP in athlete people. Our reported patient treated by ciprofloxacin 500 mg per day and healed without any Secondary complication. Fast, timely diagnosis and treatment is critical in Community Acquired P. aeruginosa pneumonia outcome.
Asunto(s)
Atletas , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/diagnóstico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidad , Adulto , Ciprofloxacina/administración & dosificación , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/complicaciones , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/complicaciones , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía/complicaciones , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicaciones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Sperm analysis is an important step to evaluate and diagnose male's infertility. The present study aimed to determine associated factors with males' infertility by using semen analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 96 men were evaluated who attended to the infertility clinics of Ilam province, western Iran between May 2010 to May 2011. Semen analysis was done using the Weili Dynamic Sperm Analysis software adapted to the WHO classification. Based on movement and speed characters, sperms were classified to either A, B, C or D classes. Participants were stratified into two groups that called "Oligospermia (OS)" with sperm counts of less than 20 million in mL (n=48) and "Non-Oligospermia (NOS)" with values more than determined cutoff point (n=48). RESULTS: The Mean age ±SD for OS and NOS group were 29.9 ±5.1 y and 31.17 ±5.24 y, respectively (p>0.05). Overall, 62.5% of OS and 31.2% of NOS were clinically infertile (OR=3.6, CI, 1.5-8.5, p=0.01). A significant difference was found between job and live ratio(A+B+C) in NOS group (F=2.8, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of infertility was higher in the OS men compared to the NOS group. The main risk factors in the OS group were History of Varicocele surgery and residence site of patients that are totally similar to the NOS men. Further case-control studies and clinical trials are recommended to recognize infertility causes in men.