RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, gram-negative, motile, glucose-nonfermenting bacillus, first described in 1999. Typically, it exhibits low pathogenicity in humans, causing opportunistic infections primarily in individuals with compromised immune systems. This bacterium has been also found in various environmental sources such as plants and contaminated soils. Notably, there have been no documented cases of C. gilardii infections in animals. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report outlines a bovine neonatal diarrhea outbreak that occurred in Northern Greece, during which C. gilardii was isolated. Faecal samples from 5-day-old calves were collected and transported to the laboratory for further examination. Bacterial culture and next generation sequencing techniques were employed to confirm the presence of this bacterium in the samples. Following the isolation and identification of C. gilardii from the samples, an autogenous vaccine was produced and administered to the cows within the farm. Subsequent to vaccination, a progressive reduction in calf diarrhea and deaths was observed, leading to their eventual complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of C. gilardii isolation from cases of bovine neonatal diarrhea. CONCLUSION: This case report presents the first isolation case of C. gilardii from animal samples and more specifically from calf faecal samples. It represents an important observation, providing evidence that this opportunistic human pathogen could contribute to clinical symptoms in animals.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Cupriavidus , Diarrea , Brotes de Enfermedades , Heces , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas , Animales , Bovinos , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Heces/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Cupriavidus/aislamiento & purificación , Cupriavidus/genética , Grecia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A large collection of Staphylococcus aureus including a. 745 clinically significant isolates that were consecutively recovered from human infections during 2012-2013, b. 19 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), randomly selected between 2006-2011 from our Staphylococcal Collection, c. 16 human colonizing isolates, and d. 10 strains from colonized animals was investigated for the presence and the molecular characteristics of CC398. The study was conducted in Thessaly, a rural region in Greece. The differentiation of livestock-associated clade from the human clade was based on canSNPs combined with the presence of the φ3 bacteriophage and the tetM, scn, sak, and chp genes. Among the 745 isolates, two MRSA (0.8% of total MRSA) and thirteen MSSA (2.65% of total MSSA) were found to belong to CC398, while, between MSSA of our Staphylococcal Collection, one CC398, isolated in 2010, was detected. One human individual, without prior contact with animals, was found to be colonized by a MSSA CC398. No CC398 was identified among the 10 S. aureus isolated from animals. Based on the molecular markers, the 17 CC398 strains were equally placed in the livestock-associated and in the human clades. This is the first report for the dissemination of S. aureus CC398 among humans in Greece.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Genes Bacterianos , Meticilina/farmacología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animales , Bovinos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Grecia/epidemiología , Humanos , Ganado/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tipificación Molecular , Población Rural , Ovinos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Fagos de Staphylococcus/genética , Fagos de Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/clasificación , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/virología , PorcinosRESUMEN
The mammalian oviduct is a dynamic tissue, which lies under the influence of ovarian steroids and produces proteins that affect various stages of fertilization and post-fertilization events. In this study, expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA mRNA) and plasminogen activator activity (PAA) were examined in porcine oviducts by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and activity assays, respectively. For this purpose, oviducts were collected from Landrace cycling sows and divided into three segments (isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum). Different concentrations of u-PA mRNA were detected in the three segments following the pattern isthmus>ampulla>infundibulum and this pattern was maintained during the oestrous cycle. On the contrary, the highest PAA was measured in the ampulla compared to the isthmus and the infundibulum and the highest ampullary PAA was detected during the first 2 days of the oestrous cycle. The different regulation of u-PA mRNA expression and PAA is probably due to the existence of PA inhibitors. Recent observations suggest that PAI-1, the main inhibitor of PAs, shows greater expression in the isthmus compared to the ampulla and the local generation of plasmin is inhibited. The latter may be related to observations that spermatozoa are quiescent in the isthmus before fertilization. This study supports the suggestion that urokinase-type plasminogen activator has a biological role within the porcine oviduct, especially at or near the time of fertilization.