RESUMEN
High levels of trait driving anger have been linked to aberrant driving behavior and higher proneness to be involved in a car crash. In the present study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) in a large (>2000; 72% males) sample of Italian drivers examining measurement invariance across gender and age. Also, we examined whether the association between trait driving anger and aberrant driving behavior is mediated by a maladaptive form of cognitive emotion regulation, namely blaming others. The results showed that the six-factor structure of the DAS was overall confirmed with a few variations compared to the original scale. Weak measurement invariance was supported across gender and age, while strong and strict invariance were partially confirmed. Finally, the tendency to cope with negative events by blaming others mediated the association between driving anger and aberrant driving behavior in the male but not in the female sample. For both men and women, however, blaming others was positively associated with violations. Thus, attributions of blame to others could be targeted by clinical interventions for high-anger drivers and driver education courses in the attempt to reduce aberrant driving behavior and improve road safety.
Asunto(s)
Ira , Conducción de Automóvil , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Ira/fisiología , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Accidentes de Tránsito/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Agresión/psicologíaRESUMEN
In the last two decades, a growing body of theory and research has targeted the role of cardiac vagal control (CVC) in emotional responding. This research has either focused on resting CVC (also denoted as cardiac vagal tone) or phasic changes in CVC (also denoted as vagal reactivity) in response to affective stimuli. The present paper is aimed at reporting a review of the papers published between 1996 and 2016, and focused on the results of 135 papers examining cardiac vagal control as a physiological marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults. The review shows that studies have employed a wide array of methodologies and measures, often leading to conflicting results. High resting CVC has been associated with better down-regulation of negative affect, use of adaptive regulatory strategies, and more flexible emotional responding. Concerning phasic changes, research has consistently found decreased CVC in response to stress, while CVC increases have been shown to reflect either self-regulatory efforts or recovery from stress. Despite conflicting results, we conclude that existing literature supports the use of CVC as a noninvasive, objective marker of emotion regulation.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Emociones/fisiología , Corazón/fisiología , Nervio Vago/fisiología , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
A correlation between cimetidine and gastric cancer has been suggested. Nitrosation of cimetidine in the presence of nitrite and HCl and mutagenic activity as well as DNA damage in mammalian cells displayed by nitrosocimetidine, as these phenomena occur in vitro, were the supporting hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that liver DNA damage was a well correlated index of potential carcinogenic activity of N-nitroso compounds and that such a damage was found after long-term simultaneous oral administration of aminopyrine and nitrite in rats. In this work, liver DNA fragmentation was investigated by three different techniques: DNA alkaline elution, DNA alkaline denaturation followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography and a new viscometric method markedly more sensitive than the above mentioned ones in detecting DNA damage. Evidence of DNA damage was not gained in any of the groups of rats treated with high single or successive oral daily doses of cimetidine (250 mg/kg) along with nitrite (80 mg/kg) in approximately equimolar amounts. Cimetidine and nitrite given alone were also ineffective. The lowering of gastric pH, obtained with fasting and histamine administration before giving cimetidine and nitrite combination in a single dose, did not favor the induction of liver DNA fragmentation neither in the above condition nor even when the amount of cimetidine was lowered to 125 mg/kg in order to obtain an approximately 2-fold molar amount of nitrite.